BIO 214 Module 4
Which antimicrobic does not inhibit cell wall synthesis? vancomycin gentamicin cephalosporins penicillins
gentamicin
Broad-spectrum drugs that disrupt the body's normal flora often cause: All of the choices are correct superinfections commensal infections nephrotoxicity anaphylaxis
superinfections
Viruses that cause infection resulting in alternating periods of activity with symptoms and inactivity without symptoms are called: prions delta agents oncogenic chronic viroids
Chronic
Bacteriostatic agents kill bacterial cells. True False
False
How do viruses enter their host? Bursting the host cell Rupturing the virus Fusion or endocytosis Exocytosis None of these are correct
Fusion or endocytosis
_________________ is an antiseptic at low concentrations but a sporicidal at higher concentrations. Quaternary Ammonia Betadine Iodine Alcohol Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide
What type of treatment is used on raspberries to increase shelf life? Boiling Non-ionizing radiation Dry heat Ionizing radiation Pasteurization
Ionizing radiation
Which of the following describes the mechanism of action for AZT? It inhibits the assembly of HIV particles. It directly binds to reverse transcriptase and prevents reverse transcription of HIV RNA. It is a thymine analog that interferes with DNA synthesis. It inhibits fusion of the viral envelope and host cell envelope. It prevents the viral DNA from integrating in the host chromosome
It is a thymine analog that interferes with DNA synthesis.
Which organ is responsible for metabolizing and detoxifying foreign chemicals in the blood, including drugs? Stomach Kidneys Liver Gall bladder Spleen
Liver
Airways can be sterilized by UV light creating pyrimidine dimers which interfere with DNA replication, this mechanism of sterilization is_________________. Desiccation Ionizing radiation Filtration Non-ionizing radiation Lyophilization
Non-ionizing radiation
Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during: release penetration assembly adsorption replication
Release
Which stage(s) of the viral replication cycle does Tamiflu impact? (select all that apply) Uncoating Release Synthesis Assembly Adsorption
Release Adsorption
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is: caused by a viroid also called "mad cow disease" a spongiform encephalopathy of humans initiated by an oncogenic virus caused by a chronic latent virus
also called "mad cow disease"
Sulfonamides: interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis damage cell membranes
are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis
Penicillins and cephalosporins: attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis block the enzyme that cross-link glycan molecules in the peptidoglycan cell wall are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis damage cell membranes interfere with DNA synthesis
block the enzyme that cross-link glycan molecules in the peptidoglycan cell wall
An antiviral drug that is a thymine analog would have an antiviral mode of action that: blocks DNA replication blocks viral release blocks maturation blocks penetration inhibits peptidoglycan cross linking
blocks DNA replication
Antimicrobials selective against a wide variety of microbial types are termed: narrow-spectrum drugs broad-spectrum drugs synthetic drugs antibiotics semisynthetic drugs
broad-spectrum drugs
Helical and icosahedral are terms used to describe the shapes of a virus: core capsid spike envelope capsomere
capsid
All of the following are benefits of food irradiation, except: it can reduce the number of food-borne deaths each year it can kill insects on the food it makes the food less nutritious it can inhibit the sprouting of white potatoes it can kill bacterial pathogens on the food
it makes the food less nutritious
Staphylococcus aureus has _______________ resistance to decontamination methods. highest least moderate
moderate
Antimicrobics effective against only gram-positive bacteria would be termed: broad-spectrum drugs Macrolides Anti-fungal synthetic drugs narrow-spectrum drugs
narrow-spectrum drugs
Acyclovir is used to treat: hepatitis C virus influenza A virus HIV respiratory syncytial virus shingles, chickenpox, and genital herpes
shingles, chickenpox, and genital herpes
The process that destroys or removes all microorganisms and microbial forms including bacterial endospores is: antisepsis degermation sanitization disinfection sterilization
sterilization
All of the following are correct about Tamiflu and Relenza except: they are used to treat infections by influenza A and B they inhibit fusion and uncoating of the virus they are prophylactics for influenza they should be given early in an infection
they inhibit fusion and uncoating of the virus