BIO 340: Unit 1

Hemophilia has an X-linked recessive pattern. It is carried on the "X" chromosome. It is only expressed phenotypically as homozygous recessive in women but men that inherit the affected chromosome will suffer from the disorder. A carrier woman (one affected X chromosome) married a man with hemophilia, and they have children. What percent of their boy children will be affected with hemophilia? a. None. b. 100% of the boy children. c. 50% of the boy children. d. 25% of the boy children.

c

If DNA of a particular species was analyzed and it was found that it contains 27 percent of adenine (A), what would be the percentage of cytosine (C)? a. 27 percent b. 30 percent c. 23 percent d. 54 percent

c

If an allele has a frequency of 1: a. it is found in 50% of the population b. it is found in 25% of the population c. it is found in 100% of the population d. it is found in 0% of the population

c

In a cross between a homozygous red-eyed female fruit fly and a white-eyed male fruit fly, what is the expected outcome? a. All male offspring with white eyes. b. All female offspring with white eyes. c. All offspring with red eyes. d. All offspring with white eyes.

c

In a mating between two individuals that are heterozygous for a recessive lethal allele that is expressed in utero, what genotypic ratio (homozygous dominant: heterozygous: homozygous recessive) would you expect to observe in the offspring? a. 1:2:1 b. 3:1:1 c. 1:2:0 d. 0:2:1

c

In guinea pigs coat color is determined by a single gene with two alleles. A guinea pig from a true-breeding black strain is mated with a guinea pig from a true-breeding white strain. The F1 progeny are all black. Two of the F1 progeny are mated with each other. What proportion of the F2 progeny is expected to be white? a. 1/2 b. 1/3 c. 1/4 d. 3/4

c

Meiosis produces ________ daughter cells. a. two haploid b. two diploid c. four haploid d. four diploid

c

Prokaryotes contain a _________ chromosome, and eukaryotes contain ________ chromosomes. a. single-stranded circular; single-stranded linear b. single-stranded linear; single-stranded circular c. double-stranded circular; double stranded linear d. double-stranded linear; double-stranded circular

c

The presence of short hairs on leaves is controlled by dominant allele H. Plants with genotype hh have smooth leaves. Two parental plants with unknown genotype were crossed. What are the parental genotypes if F1=32 Hairy and 11 smooth? a. HH x hh b. Hh x hh c. Hh x Hh d. hh x hh e. HH x HH

c

What are the types of gametes that can be produced by an individual with the genotype AaBb? a. Aa, Bb b. AA, aa, BB, bb c. AB, Ab, aB, ab d. AB, ab

c

What is the correct sequence of steps in the central dogma? a. RNA->DNA->Protein b. RNA->Protein->DNA c. DNA->RNA->Protein d. DNA->Protein->RNA

c

What is the probability that the following pair of parents will produce the indicated offspring? TTRrYy x TtRrYy -> TTrrYY a. 1/4 b. 1/16 c. 1/32 d. 1/64

c

What would a female genotype have to be for her to have the genetic disease hemophilia? a. Both her X and her Y chromosome would have to have the recessive hemophilia gene. b. Only one of her X chromosomes would have to have the hemophilia gene. c. Both her X chromosomes would have to have the recessive hemophilia gene. d. Both her Y chromosomes would have to have the recessive hemophilia gene.

c

When closely related individuals mate with each other, or inbreed, the offspring are often not as fit as the offspring of two unrelated individuals. Why? a. Close relatives are genetically incompatible. b. The DNA of close relatives reacts negatively in the offspring. c. Inbreeding can bring together rare, deleterious mutations that lead to harmful phenotypes. d. Inbreeding causes normally silent alleles to be expressed.

c

When genes are on different chromosomes, what percentage of gametes produced by a double heterozygous individual will be recombinant? a. 100% b. 75% c. 50% d. 25% e. 0%

c

When male lions reach sexual maturity, they leave their group in search of a new pride. This can alter the allele frequencies of the population through which of the following mechanisms? a. natural selection b. genetic drift c. gene flow d. random mating

c

Where does transcription take place in human cells? a. Nucleoid b. Nucleus c. Cytoplasm d. Nucleosome

c

Which of the following events is unique to prophase I of meiosis? a. Chromosome condensation. b. Nuclear membrane breakdown, c. Pairing of homologous chromosomes. d. Assembly of a spindle apparatus.

c

Which statement about analogies is correct? a. they occur only as errors b. they are synonymous with homologous traits c. they are derived by similar environmental constraints d. they are a form of mutation

c

Why do your chromosomes come in pairs? a. Because DNA is double-stranded, one member of each chromosome pair carries a strand that is complementary to the strand carried by the other chromosome. b. Because cell division via mitosis cannot take place without paired chromosomes. c. Because one member of each pair came from my mother and the other from my father. d. Because so much genetic information must be carried, all organisms, including humans, need twice as much DNA in order for it all to fit.

c

You are studying two linked genes that influence vine height and fruit color in squash. Yellow color is dominant over green, and tall height is dominant over short. You get the following numbers of offspring from your testcross: 198 Tall Yellow, 192 Short Green, 54 Tall Green, and 56 Short Yellow What is the distance between these genes? a. they are unlinked b. 11.2 cM c. 22 cM d. 78 cM

c

dominant suppression ratio? a. 12:3:1 b. 9:3:4 c. 13:3 d. 9:7

c

mRNA is "read" in the cytoplasm by... a. Ligase b. Helicase c. Ribosomes d. Topoisomerase

c

A molecule of RNA (ribonucleic acid) contains the bases _______. a. adenine, guanine, thymine, and uracil b. uracil, adenine, guanine, and adenosine c. thymine, adenine, guanine, and cytosine d. adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil

d

Besides growth, what must happen before a cell divides? a. The cytoplasm divides into four parts. b. Gene mutation. c. Cancer. d. DNA replication.

d

Complimentary gene interaction has what ratio? a. 12:3:1 b. 9:3:4 c. 15:1 d. 9:7

d

Could an individual with blood type O (genotype ii) be a legitimate child of parents in which one parent had blood type A and the other parent had blood type B? a. No, bc the parents have different blood types b. No, bc the parents carry the A and B alleles only c. Yes, if both parents are heterozygous for AB d. Yes, if each parent carries one i allele

d

Genetic inheritance is being studied in a certain species of plant in which orange flower color (O) is dominant to white (o) and round leaf shape (S) is dominant to oval (s). A true-breeding orange-flowered, round-leaved male plant (Plant A) is mated with a true-breeding white-flowered, oval-leaved female plant (Plant B) to produce dihybrid offspring plant (Plant C). Assuming normal Mendelian genetics and independent inheritance of these two traits, which gametes might be produced by Plant C? a. OoSs b. OS c. oS d. Both OS and oS e. Both OoSs and OS

d

Half of the gametes produced by an organism with the genotype Aa will receive the A allele, while half will receive the a allele. This is a demonstration of ______. a. independent assortment b. mutation c. random fertilization d. segregation

d

How long would the peptide be that is translated from this mRNA sequence: 5'- AUGGGCUACCGA -3'? a. 0 amino acids b. 2 amino acids c. 3 amino acids d. 4 amino acids

d

If a student randomly guesses at five multiple-choice questions during a BIO 340 exam, find the probability that the student gets exactly three correct. Each question has five possible choices. a. 10 b. 1 c. 0.1 d. 0.05

d

If black and white true-breeding mice are mated and the result is all gray offspring, what inheritance pattern would this be indicative of? a. dominance b. codominance c. multiple alleles d. incomplete dominance

d

In a cross between two heterozygous plants (Tt x Tt), what is the probability of a plant being homozygous given that it is tall? a. 3 b. 1 c. 0.55 d. 0.33

d

In rats, gene B produces black coat color if the genotype is B-, but black pigment is not produced if the genotype is bb. At an independent locus, gene D produces yellow pigment if the genotype is D-, but no pigment is produced when the genotype is dd. Production of both pigments results in brown coat color. If neither pigment is produced, coat color is cream. The phenotype of parents of litters with the following phenotype distribution 3 brown, 3 yellow, 1 black, 1 cream is: a. black and cream b. black and yellow c. brown and cream d. brown and yellow

d

In the Hershey-Chase experiment radioactive Sulfur was used to: a. Be incorporated into the phage DNA because of its numerous sulfur atoms b. Be incorporated into the phage protein coat because of its numerous phosphorous atoms c. Be incorporated into the phage DNA because of its numerous phosphorus atoms d. Be incorporated into the phage protein coat because some amino acids contain sulfur

d

In which nuclear division process do sister chromatids segregate? a. Only in mitosis. b. Only in meiosis I. c. Only in meiosis II. d. In mitosis and meiosis II.

d

The experiments by Hershey and Chase helped confirm that DNA was the hereditary material on the basis of the finding that: a. Radioactive phage were found in the pellet b. Radioactive cells were found in the supernatant c. Radioactive sulfur was found inside the cell d. Radioactive phosphorus was found inside the cell

d

The presence of short hairs on leaves is controlled by dominant allele H. Plants with genotype hh have smooth leaves. Two parental plants with unknown genotype were crossed. What are the parental genotypes if F1=0 Hairy and 24 smooth? a. HH x hh b. Hh x hh c. Hh x Hh d. hh x hh e. HH x HH

d

The wild-type coat color, agouti (AA) is dominant to solid-colored fur (aa). However, a separate gene C, when present as the recessive homozygote (cc), negates any expression of pigment from the A gene and results in an albino mouse. Therefore, the genotypes AAcc, Aacc, and aacc all produce the same albino phenotype. A cross between heterozygotes for both genes (AaCc x AaCc) would generate offspring with a phenotypic ratio of 9 agouti:3 black:4 albino. Which type of gene interaction is this? a. complementary gene interaction b. duplicate gene interaction c. dominant gene interaction d. recessive epistasis e. dominant epistasis

d

Transcribe the following DNA sequence (non template strand): 5'-ATGGCCGGTTATTAAGCA-3' a. 5'-ACGAATTATTGGCCGGTA-3' b. 5'-TACCGGCCAATAATTCGT-3' c. 5'-ATGGCCGGTTATTAAGCA-3' d. 5'-AUGGCCGGUUAUUAAGCA-3'

d

What is the probability of having 4 girls in a row? a. 1 in 2 b. 1 in 4 c. 1 in 8 d. 1 in 16

d

Which of the following is the correct order of events in mitosis? a. Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. The kinetochore becomes attached to the mitotic spindle. The nucleus reforms and the cell divides. Cohesin proteins break down and the sister chromatids separate. b. The kinetochore becomes attached to the mitotic spindle. Cohesin proteins break down and the sister chromatids separate. Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. The nucleus reforms and the cell divides. c. The kinetochore becomes attached to the cohesin proteins. Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. The kinetochore breaks down and the sister chromatids separate. The nucleus reforms and the cell divides. d. The kinetochore becomes attached to the mitotic spindle. Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. Cohesin proteins break down and the sister chromatids separate. The nucleus reforms and the cell divides.

d

You are studying two linked genes that influence vine height and fruit color in squash. Yellow color is dominant over green, and tall height is dominant over short. You get the following numbers of offspring from your testcross: 198 Tall Yellow, 192 Short Green, 54 Tall Green, and 56 Short Yellow Which offspring are recombinants? a. tall green b. short yellow c. tall yellow and short green d. tall green and short yellow

d

Based on Chargaff's Rules of Base Pairing, if there is 10% Thymine in a DNA strand, what percentage would there be of Guanine? a. 10% b. 11% c. 40% d. 90%

c

Duplicate Gene Interaction has what ratio a. 12:3:1 b. 9:3:4 c. 15:1 d. 9:7

c

A white splashed (Bl/Bl) Andalausian chicken and a black (bl/bl) Andalusian chicken are crossed. The heterozygotes produced show an intermediate phenotype (blue). What inheritance pattern would this be indicative of? a. Incomplete dominance. b. Codominance. c. Multiple alleles. d. Dominance.

a

Alternate forms of a gene are called _______. a. alleles b. chromosomes c. gametes d. a phenotype

a

At metaphase I, homologous chromosomes are connected only at what structures? a. Chiasmata b. Recombination nodules c. Microtubules d. Kinetochores

a

Dominant Epistasis ratio? a. 12:3:1 b. 9:3:4 c. 15:1 d. 9:7

a

Four nucleic acid samples are analyzed to determine the percentages of the nucleotides they contain. Which of the following DNA sample(s) could be double-stranded DNA? Sample 1: A(22%), G(28%), T(22%), U(0%), C(28%); Sample 2: A(30%), G(30%), T(0%), U(20%), C(20%); Sample 3: A(18%), G(32%), T(0%), U(18%), C(32%); Sample 4: A(29%), G(29%), T(21%), U(0%), C(21%) a. Sample 1 b. Samples 1 and 2 c. Samples 1 and 4 d. Samples 2 and 3 e. Samples 3 and 4

a

In a cross between a white-eyed female fruit fly and a red-eyed male fruit fly, what is the expected outcome? a. All male offspring with white eyes. b. All female offspring with white eyes. c. All offspring with red eyes. d. All offspring with white eyes

a

In apples, the allele A is dominant for a big size apple and the allele R is dominant for red color. You cross one tree that produces big yellow apples and another tree that produces small red apples. Half of the offspring trees produce big red apples and half produce big yellow apples. What are the genotypes of the parents? a. AArr and aaRr b. Aarr and aaRr c. AARr and AArr d. AaRr and AaRr e. AaRr and aarr

a

Mutation can be defined as the addition of genetic variation that increases the hereditary diversity of a population. a. true b. false

a

The observable traits expressed by an organism are described as its ________. a. phenotype b. genotype c. alleles d. zygote

a

What do scientists use to apply cladistics? a. homologous traits b. homoplasies c. analogous traits d. monophyletic groups

a

Which of the following does cytosine pair with? a. Guanine b. Thymine c. Adenine d. Uracil

a

Which of the following is true about genes that are located on different chromosomes? a. These genes are inherited independently of each other. b. Only the dominant alleles of these genes tend to be inherited together. c. These genes are always inherited together. d. These genes are more likely to undergo mutation.

a

Why do scientists apply the concept of maximum parsimony? a. to decipher accurate phylogenies b. to eliminate analogous traits c. to identify mutations in DNA codes d. to locate homoplasies

a

A person with only one Sickle Cell Anemia allele and one unaffected allele will have some normal red blood cells and some abnormal. What inheritance pattern would this be indicative of? a. dominance b. codominance c. multiple alleles d. incomplete dominance

b

ABO blood groups are an example of: a. multiple alleles and incomplete dominance b.multiple alleles and codominance c. incomplete dominance only d. codominance and incomplete dominance

b

Describing a person as having hemophilia is to indicate his or her ______. a. genotype b. phenotype c. genetic code d. number of chromosomes

b

Dominant gene interaction has what ratio? a. 12:3:1 b. 9:6:1 c. 15:1 d. 9:7

b

How did Mendel get the peas to cross-fertilize? a. He placed them close together in the garden. b. He kept them apart and pollinated them by hand. c. He allowed them to self-fertilize. d. He did nothing at all.

b

How many different types of gametes could an organism with the genotype AABbCc produce? a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6 e. 8

b

If a muscle cell of a typical organism has 32 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in a gamete of that same organism? a. 8 b. 16 c. 32 d. 64

b

In Griffith's experiments, what made the harmless R cells grow capsules when exposed to heat-killed S cells? a. Protein b. DNA c. Lipids d. Polysaccharides

b

In guinea pigs coat color is determined by a single gene with two alleles. A guinea pig from a true-breeding black strain is mated with a guinea pig from a true-breeding white strain. The F1 progeny are all black. Two of the F1 progeny are mated with each other. What proportion of the black F2 progeny is expected to be homozygous? a. 1/2 b. 1/3 c. 1/4 d. 3/4

b

In rats, gene B produces black coat color if the genotype is B-, but black pigment is not produced if the genotype is bb. At an independent locus, gene D produces yellow pigment if the genotype is D-, but no pigment is produced when the genotype is dd. Production of both pigments results in brown coat color. If neither pigment is produced, coat color is cream. The phenotype of parents of litters with the following phenotype distribution 3 brown, 3 yellow, 1 black, 1 cream is: a. BBDD x bbdd b. BbDd x bbDd c. BBdd x bbdd d. BbDd x bbdd

b

In which of the following pairs do both evolutionary processes introduce new genetic variation into a population? a. Natural selection and genetic drift b. Mutation and gene flow c. Natural selection and gene flow d. Gene flow and genetic drift

b

Recessive Epistasis ratio? a. 12:3:1 b. 9:3:4 c. 15:1 d. 9:7

b

The alpha helix and beta strand in a protein are types of: a. primary structure b. secondary structure c. tertiary structure d. quaternary structure

b

The division of the cytoplasm following mitosis to form two new cells is called? a. Mitosis b. Cytokinesis c. Cancer d. Tumor supression

b

The hydroxyl group in the DNA is located on the: a. 5' end b. 3' end c. Amino-end d. Carboxyl-end

b

What is true about organisms that are a part of the same clade? a. They all share the same basic characteristics. b. They evolved from a shared ancestor. c. They usually fall into the same classification taxa. d. They have identical phylogenies.

b

Wild type blue-eyed Mary has blue flowers. Two genes control the pathway that makes the blue pigment: The product of gene W turns a white precursor into magenta pigment. The product of gene M turns the magenta pigment into blue pigment. Each gene has a recessive loss-of-function allele: w and m, respectively. A dihybrid (WwMm) is self-pollinated. What proportion of the offspring will be magenta? a. 1/16 b. 3/16 c. 1/4 d. 9/16

b

You have flipped a standard quarter 10 times and had four head and six tails come up. With that experience, what will be the chances of you getting a heads on the next flip? a. 40% b. 50% c. 60% d. 100%

b

A nucleotide is made of _______. a. sugar + phosphate b. sugar + phosphate + nitrogen base c. sugar + nitrogen base d. phosphate + nitrogen base

b.

A recessive trait will be observed in individuals that are ________ for that trait. a. heterozygous b. homozygous or heterozygous c. homozygous d. diploid

c

A species has n=4 chromosomes. Genes on the same chromosome have a maximum recombination recombination rate of: a. 100% b. 75% c. 50% d. 25% e. 0%

c

Mendel imagined that seed color in pea plants is influenced by a gene with two alleles in which the allele for yellow seeds (Y) is dominant over the allele for green seeds (y). What would Mendel predict the seed colors would be from a cross of a male plant with the mixed Yy genotype with a female plant with the yy genotype? a. All seeds should be green. b. All seeds should be yellow. c. There should be 3 green seeds for every 1 yellow seed. d. There should be 1 green seed for every 3 yellow seeds. e. There should be 1 green seed for every 1 yellow seed.

e

Your chromosomes are located _______ and they are made of ___________ . a. floating in the cytoplasm, lipids b. in the cell membrane, protein c. inside the mitochondria, genes d. inside the cytoplasm, protein e. inside the nucleus, DNA

e

A species has n=4 chromosomes. Genes on the same chromosome have a minimum recombination recombination rate of: a. 100% b. 75% c. 50% d. 25% e. 0%

e.

T/F: The Central Dogma states DNA turns into RNA and RNA turns into protein

true

Identify the correct order of the flow of biological information i. translation ii. replication iii. transcription

replication, transcription, translation