bio ch 10.1-10.7

Chromatin is a complex with ~40% DNA and which of the following?

60% Protein

The centromere contains repeated DNA sequences that can bind specific proteins. These proteins form the ,______ which is shaped like a disk.

: kinetochore

During anaphase, two forms of movement take place simultaneously and as a result sister chromatids are pulled towards opposite poles of the cell. The two forms of movement are commonly referred to as ______anaphase and anaphase____________

A B

The cell cycle of multicellular eukaryotes is regulated by several_____ and many different _____signals.

Blank 1: Cdks or Cyclin-dependent kinases Blank 2: external, extracellular, outside, or extrinsic

Name the two distinct classes of cancer causing genes:______ and -_______ genes.

Blank 1: oncogenes Blank 2: tumor or tumour Blank 3: suppressor

When DNA replicates the sister chromatids are held together at their centromeres by which of the following complex of proteins?

Cohesins

The first tumor-suppressor gene discovered as the cause of which of the following?

Familial cancer retinoblastoma

The phase is considered a resting phase in the cell cycle.

G0, go or gap 0

In a cell's life, cell growth occurs primarily during what phase?

G1

Condensation of chromosomes is initiated in the_____- phase of interphase and continues until the end of prophase.

G2

Proto-oncogenes can code for which of the following proteins?

Growth-factor receptor Ras protein Src kinase

The centromere serves as an attachment site for a group of proteins that form a disklike structure called which of the following?

Kinetoche

stuff on lab lmaoo was to lazy to seperate tho

Many human traits are inherited in specific, predictable patterns. Meiosis is the type of cell division required for gametogenesis. Gametogenesis in males is called spermatogenesis and produces sperm. Gametogenesis in females is called oogenesis and produces ova. The process of oogenesis only completes if fertilization occurs. The result of meiosis is the formation of a cell with half the genetic material and increased genetic diversity. Many human genetic disorders are the result of errors in gametogenesis. Nondisjunction is an error where the chromosomes, or sister chromatids, do not properly split during meiosis. Nondisjunction can happen in meiosis I or meiosis II.

Cdks are enzymes which regulate proteins within the cell cycle via __.

Phosphorylation

Bacterial cells divide to produce new cells for which of the following?

Population growth Reproduction

Identify the type of protein encoded by the cdc2 gene.

Protein kinase

Which of the following is the key event in anaphase?

Removal of cohesin proteins from the centromeres of sister chromatids

During which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes replicated?

S phase also known as synthesis

When is the spindle apparatus broken down?

Telophase

During the ______of mitosis, the centromeres of sister chromatids split apart allowing sister chromatids to move away from each other.

anaphase

The shortest stage of mitosis is .

anaphase

A cleavage furrow is typically formed during cytokinesis in _____cells.

animal

How do bacteria reproduce?

binary fission

is a term to describe cells growing out of control.

cancer

What enzymes control the progression of cells through the cell cycle checkpoints?

cdks

What is a sequence of growth, replication, and division that produces new eukaryotic cells called?

cell cycle

point of constriction on the chromosome containing repeated DNA sequences.

centrome

If necessary (e.g., if DNA is damaged), the cell cycle can be arrested at specific points called

checkpoints

In multicellular eukaryotic organisms, the production of new cells follows a highly regulated sequence of growth, DNA replication, and division. This sequence is referred to as the cell_____, which consists of the G1, S, G2, and M phases.

cycle

The cell____ of multicellular eukaryotes is regulated by Cdks and external signa

cycle

During telophase, chromosomes uncoil to allow for gene .

expression or transcription

True or false: In a typical mammalian adult cell, the M phase takes up a large fraction of the entire cell cycle.

false

Two irreversible points in the cell cycle are replication of______ material and _______of sister chromatids.

genetic or DNA separation, segregation or partitioning

Sister chromatids are pulled towards opposite poles of the cell by microtubules attached to their

kinetochores

Which type of microtubules attach to and separate the chromosomes during cell division?

kintochore

during prometaphase, sister chromatids attach to the spindle by their , _______-which are attached to the centromere region of each sister chromatid.

kintochore

During telophase, the nuclear envelope re-forms to produce two separate __.

nuclei

In bacterial cells, the replication of DNA begins at a specific site called the _____of replication, and proceeds in both directions around the circular DNA until a specific_______ site is reached.

origin Blank 2: termination or terminus

In which of the following cells does cytokinesis involve the formation of a cell plate?

plant cells

Cytokinesis in plant cells involves the formation of an internal membrane called a cell________ which starts in the interior of the cell and extends out to the plasma____

plate membrane

Which is the first stage of mitosis?

prophase

Chromosomes are composed of chromatin which is a complex of DNA and which of the following?

protein

During DNA replication the chromosomes contract and the identical halves are called .______ ________

sister chromatids

During the stage of mitosis known as______, gene expression resumes, as chromosomes uncoil.

telophase

______can be viewed as the stage of mitosis during which the changes made to the cell during prophase are reversed.

telophase

A___ is a cluster of cells that have lost control of their growing

tumor

Typically, a dividing mammalian cell completes its cell cycle in about how many hours?

24

MPF is composed of two parts: a cyclin component and a _____component.

kinase

Order the steps in binary fission from first to last, starting at the top.

1. The bacterial DNA molecule replicates 2. the cell elongates and the DNA is partitioned such that the origins are at the 1/4 and 3/4 positions in the cell 3. separation begins 4. the cell pinches in two forming two daughter cells

The cells of most eukaryotes have between _______and _____chromosomes, although some species can have hundreds or even thousands of chromosomes.

10 50

Cell division in bacterial and eukaryotic cells produces which of the following?

identical genes?

During , which includes the G1, S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, the cell grows and chromosomes replicate in preparation for cell division.

interphase

While preparing to divide, the cell grows and copies its chromosomes during which stage?

interphase

During _____the chromosomes are aligned midway between the spindle poles.

metaphase

The pairs of sister chromatids align themselves in a single row along a plane half-way between the poles during which phase of mitosis?

metaphase

The German biologist, Walter Flemming, was the first to microscopically observe the process of________

mitosis

During the five phases of_______ , the replicated genetic material is partitioned into_____ new nuclei.

mitosis two