BIO CH10

1) The figure below shows the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell. The transfer of information from DNA into an RNA molecule is known as ______. A) DNA replication B) transcription C) polypeptide D) translation

B) transcription

4) RNA contains the nitrogenous base ______ instead of ______, which is only found in DNA. A) a deoxyribose sugar... a ribose sugar B) uracil... thymine C) uracil... guanine D) thymine... uracil

B) uracil... thymine

14) What name is given to the collection of traits exhibited by an organism? A) holotype B) genotype C) phenotype D) morphology

C) phenotype

9) Evidence for the spiral nature of DNA came from ______. A) X-ray crystallography studies B) studies of disease-causing bacteria C) base rule studies D) bacteriophage studies

A) X-ray crystallography studies

31) Peptide bonds form between ______. A) amino acids B) an mRNA codon and a tRNA anticodon C) a tRNA and the amino acid it is carrying D) an mRNA transcript and the small ribosomal subunit

A) amino acids

30) During translation, what is the correct order of events that occur as an amino acid is added? A) codon recognition, peptide bond formation, translocation B) translocation, codon recognition, termination C) initiation, codon recognition, termination D) peptide bond formation, translocation, codon recognition

A) codon recognition, peptide bond formation, translocation

18) Transcription is the ______. A) manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA B) manufacture of two new DNA double helices that are identical to an old DNA double helix C) modification of a strand of RNA prior to the manufacture of a protein D) manufacture of a protein based on information carried by RNA

A) manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA

37) Plant viruses ______. A) often use RNA, rather than DNA, as their genetic material B) benefit plants, rather than causing disease C) cause diseases that can be easily cured D) do not exist-viruses only attack animals

A) often use RNA, rather than DNA, as their genetic material

33) What is the smallest number of nucleotides that must be added or subtracted to change the triplet grouping of the genetic message? A) one B) two C) three D) four

A) one

2) Examine the genetic code table, shown below. The codon AGC codes for the amino acid ______ A) serine B) arginine C) threonine D) alanine

A) serine

3) Thymine and cytosine differ from adenine and guanine in that A) thymine and cytosine are single-ring structures, whereas adenine and guanine are double-ring structures. B) thymine and cytosine are only found in DNA, whereas adenine and guanine are found in both DNA and RNA. C) thymine and cytosine are only found in DNA, whereas adenine and guanine are only found in RNA. D) thymine and cytosine are larger nitrogenous bases.

A) thymine and cytosine are single-ring structures, whereas adenine and guanine are double-ring structures.

15) How many amino acids are common to all living systems? A) 10 B) 20 C) 30 D) 100

B) 20

28) The DNA codon AGT codes for an amino acid carried by a tRNA with the anticodon ______. A) TCU B) AGU C) TCA D) AGT

B) AGU

6) Translation converts the information stored in ______ to ______. A) DNA... RNA B) RNA... a polypeptide C) DNA... a polypeptide D) RNA... DNA

B) RNA... a polypeptide

8) Who discovered the structure of DNA? A) Pauling B) Watson and Crick C) Franklin D) Hershey and Chase

B) Watson and Crick

f you were asked to study the pattern of bacterial growth (increase in numbers over time) during an infection, you would find that numbers of bacteria increase exponentially up to a certain point. Assume that you have been asked to interpret the growth of bacteriophages. You infect the host bacteria and measure the increase of phages over a defined period of time. You plot the results and get the graph shown here. 1) The first thing you notice is that there is no immediate increase in viruses following infection. This is because ______. A) it takes the virus time to adapt to the host B) although the virus has infected the host, it takes time to complete the lytic cycle C) the host is immune to the virus D) the virus is in a lysogenic cycle throughout the experiment

B) although the virus has infected the host, it takes time to complete the lytic cycle

11) After replication, ______. A) each new DNA double helix consists of two old strands B) each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand C) each new DNA double helix consists of two new strands D) one new DNA double helix consists of two old strands and the other new DNA double helix consists of two new strand

B) each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand

22) The correct sequence of events occurring during transcription is ______. A) splicing, capping, tailing B) initiation, elongation, termination C) tailing, capping, splicing D) elongation, initiation, termination

B) initiation, elongation, termination

3) Consider the following figure. It indicates that a single amino acid substitution ______ A) always involves adenine and uracil B) may alter a protein so that it no longer functions properly C) is a silent mutation D) causes a nonsense mutation

B) may alter a protein so that it no longer functions properly

21) The region of DNA where RNA synthesis begins is the ______. A) start codon B) promoter C) initiator D) processor

B) promoter

32) A mutation within a gene that will insert a premature stop codon in mRNA would ______. A) result in a polypeptide that is one amino acid shorter than the one produced prior to the mutation B) result in a shortened polypeptide chain C) change the location at which transcription of the next gene begins D) have the same effect as deleting a single nucleotide in the gene

B) result in a shortened polypeptide chain

39) HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) must use its own ______ to reproduce. A) DNA polymerase B) reverse transcriptase C) RNA polymerase D) tRNA

B) reverse transcriptase

16) How many nucleotides make up a codon? A) two B) three C) four D) five

B) three

7) If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence GTCCAT, what is the sequence of the other strand? A) ACTTGC B) TGAACG C) CAGGTA D) CAGGUA

C) CAGGTA

2) The backbone of DNA consists of ______. A) nitrogenous bases B) a repeating sugar-nucleotide-sugar-nucleotide pattern C) a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern D) paired nucleotides

C) a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern

17) The shared genetic code of all life on Earth is evidence that ______. A) the genetic code arose relatively late in the history of life on Earth B) DNA replication is error-free C) all life shares a common ancestry D) bacterial cells arose earlier than eukaryotic cells

C) all life shares a common ancestry

25) The expressed (coding) regions of eukaryotic genes are called ______. A) caps B) promoters C) exons D) introns

C) exons

38) A(n) ______ is to bacteria as a ______ is to animal cells. A) retrovirus... virus B) phage... prophage C) prophage... provirus D) RNA virus... DNA virus

C) prophage... provirus

29) Where is translation accomplished? A) lysosomes B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) ribosomes D) nucleoli

C) ribosomes

19) If a strand of DNA has the sequence AAGCTC, transcription will result in a(n) ______. A) single RNA strand with the sequence TTCGAG B) DNA double helix with the sequence AAGCTC for one strand and TTCGAG for the complementary strand C) single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAG D) RNA double helix with the sequence UUCGAG for one strand and AAGCUC for the complimentary strand

C) single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAG

23) The absence of a terminator in transcription will result in ______. A) the creation of a virus B) a strand of mRNA that lacks its cap and tail C) the production of a longer RNA molecule D) the production of a shorter RNA molecule

C) the production of a longer RNA molecule

6) In a DNA double helix, adenine pairs with ______ and guanine pairs with ______. A) cytosine... thymine B) guanine... adenine C) thymine... cytosine D) uracil... cytosine

C) thymine... cytosine

36) How can bacteriophage DNA be spread from cell to cell without causing cell death? A) by altering the way a cell splices its RNA B) via a lytic cycle C) via a lysogenic cycle D) by altering its DNA

C) via a lysogenic cycle

5) If adenine makes up 20% of the bases in a DNA double helix, what percent of the bases are guanine? A) 60% B) 40% C) 20% D) 30%

D) 30%

20) Which of the following enzymes is responsible for RNA synthesis? A) RNase B) RNA helicase C) RNA ligase D) RNA polymerase

D) RNA polymerase

24) What protects mRNA from attack by cellular enzymes? A) RNA splicing B) the removal of exons C) the lack of RNA-digesting enzymes in the cytoplasm D) a cap and tail

D) a cap and tail

1) DNA and RNA are polymers composed of ______ monomers. A) nucleotide B) carbohydrate C) fatty acid D) amino acid

D) amino acid

10) What type of chemical bond joins the bases of complementary DNA strands? A) ionic B) covalent C) hydrophilic D) hydrogen

D) hydrogen

35) Mad cow disease is caused by A) a retrovirus similar to HIV. B) an enveloped virus. C) small circular RNA molecules called viroids. D) infectious proteins called prions.

D) infectious proteins called prions.

27) The RNA that is translated into a polypeptide is ______ RNA. A) nuclear B) ribosomal C) transfer D) messenger

D) messenger

34) What is the ultimate source of all diversity? A) natural selection B) sexual recombination C) meiosis D) mutation

D) mutation

13) The modern phrasing of Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis about relationships between genes and their products is "one gene-one ______." A) enzyme B) RNA C) protein D) polypeptide

D) polypeptide

12) DNA replication A) is a slow process that results in virtually no errors. B) requires DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. C) is a very fast process that results in numerous errors. D) requires the cooperation of over a dozen enzymes and other proteins.

D) requires the cooperation of over a dozen enzymes and other proteins.

2) Once viruses are detected, the number of viruses increases rapidly. This is because ______. A) lysogeny produces large numbers of bacteriophages B) DNA viruses reproduce more rapidly than RNA viruses C) the host cell speeds the release process D) the viruses lyse the hosts to release mature viruses all at once

D) the viruses lyse the hosts to release mature viruses all at once