Bio Chapter 1

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false

Adaptation involves changes in ecosystems rather than in individual organisms -true -false

carbon dioxide

What is an end product of cellular respiration? -light -sugar -oxygen -glucose -carbon dioxide

The science of life

What statement best describes "biology?" -the science of life -the study of how organisms are related to one another -the naming of organisms -the measurement of populations -the study of natural selection

Evolution

- change over time - organisms today have modification from previously existing forms - operates at the level of populations

to ensure that the results observed in the experimental group is due to the variable being tested

During an experiment, what is the purpose of a control group? -to prove the hypothesis -to replicate the results of the experimental group -to ensure that the results observed in the experimental group is due to the variable being tested -to allow the comparison of the results with previous experiments -to disapprove the hypothesis

Producers make their own food, consumers depend on producers for food, energy and oxygen, and then decomposers break down their waste and dead organisms

How are producers, consumers, and decomposers dependent on each other?

adaptations

What are inherited characteristics that enhance an organisms ability to survive in its environment? -acellular level -DNA -biosphere -asexual reproduction -adapataions

cladogram

What is a branching diagram that depicts the relationships among organisms based on shared characteristics? -cladogram -taxon -linnean system -systematic hierarchy -domains

population

all members of the same species occupying the same area at the same time constitute -population -individual -biosphere -ecosystems -community

metabolism

in living organisms, chemcial reactions responsible for growth, repair, and nutrition are collectively referred to as -genetics -development -homeostasis -metabolism -adaptation

Natural Selection

is the mechanism by which evolution proceeds

chemical level

most basic level

Unicellular

organisms consists of a single cell

Atom

smallest unit of chemical level

Unicellular & Multicellular

2 types of cellular organisms

fungi-decomposer plant- primary producer bird-secondary consumer caterpillar-primary consumer

Fungi= Plant= Bird= Caterpillar=

Biological Organization

Scientists MUST organize everything

False

The two domains of prokaryotes are bacteria and fungi -true -false

False

The two domains of prokaryotic are Bacteria and Fungi -True -False

Growth

increase in size or in the number of cells

taxonomy

the science of naming and classifying organisms

DNA

What type of molecule carries the hereditary information of an organism? -protein -nucleus -RNA -DNA -hormone

Systematics

field of Biology that studies diversity

Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

prokaryotes & bacteria

Fungi

- Eukaryote - yeast, mildews, molds, mushrooms

What is a Cell?

Basic unit of life

False

An organism that reproduces asexually produces genetically variable offspring -true -False

True

Changing your view of reality involves a paradigm shift -true -false

Ecological level

how organisms relate to the environment

metabolism

in living organisms, chemical reactions responsible for growth, repair, and nutrition are collectively referred to as: -development -homeostasis -genetics -metabolism -adaptation

Ecosystem

living and nonliving in that area (ex. plants, animals, along with water and sand in Mobile Bay)

Producers

(autotrophs) That can make their own food (ex. plants)

False

Adaptation involves changes in ecosystem rather in individual organism -true -false

population

All members in the same species occupying the same area at the same time constitute -individual -community -biosphere -population -ecosystem

True

All of the genes present in population makeup its gene pool -true -false

Two sex cells combine to form a fertilized cell

Which best describes a result of sexual reproduction? -The offspring obtain genes from only one parent -The only source of variation is mutation -Two sex cells combine to form a fertilized cell -One cell divides to produce two identical cells -Clones of the original cells are produced

prokaryotic cells

Which cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane enclosed organelles? -neurotransmitters -eukaryotic cells -protists -mutated cells -prokaryotic cells

prokaryotic cells

Which cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane- enclosed organelles? -protists -prokaryotic cells -eukaryotic cells -neurotansmitters -mutated cells

The interactions of the genes from both parents allows genetic variation

Which is a benefit of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction? -The offspring are all identical to the parents -Evolution occurs at a slower rate when there are two parents -The interaction of the genes from both parents allows genetic variation -More offspring are produced by the parents -There is less variation from generation to generation

CRISPR

Which tool is used by researchers to rapidly and expensively edit genetic material? -Morpholino -mGene -Veil -CRISPR -ORE FINDER

to ensure continued survival

Why do populations change?

what is a population?

a group of the same species in the same area

homeostatic

Suppose a particular protein is produced in excess of the cells needs. What kind of mechanism will intervene to stop production? -growth -homestatic -metabolic -respiratory -catabolic

mays

Using the Linnaean system of nomenclature. corn is named Zea mays. What is the specific epithet in this name? -corn -Zea mays -Zea -mays -Quercus

biological organisms are interdependent

consider the statement "biological systems interact." what does this mean? -systems combine to reproduce -biological organisms are not interdependent -biological organisms are interdependent -structure and functions are not interrelated -every organisms is in conflict with other organisms

Biology

is the study of life

Asexual reproduction

make an exact copy

Development

changes of overtime

Responses to Stimuli

- React to physical & chemical changes in their internal & external environment - occur in both plants and animals

How many kingdoms?

6

Homeostasis

a balanced internal state within an organisms

eukaryotic cells

have a nucleus; more complex (ex. plant, fungi, animals and plants

False

with deductive reasoning, you draw conclusions from specific observations -True -False

Consumers

(heterotrophs) Depend on producers for food, energy, and oxygen (ex, animals and humans)

False

Adaptation involves in ecosystem rather than in individual organisms -true -false

False

An organism that reproduces asexually produces genetically variable offspring -true -false

premises, conclusions

In deductive reasoning, we begin with ___ and make ___ based on that infromation -observations conclusions -premises, conclusions -premises, observations -observations, inductions -observations, premises

True

Systems biology is also called integrative biology -true -false

neither the investigator nor the subjects know who is in the experimental or control group

Which scenario best describes a double blind study? -no one knows who is in the experimental or control groups -the subjects do not know if they are in the experimental or control groups -the investigator and the subjects wear blindfolds -neither the investigator nor the subjects know who is in the experimental or control group -the investigator doesn't know if subjects are in the experimental or control groups

Community

all the plants and animals in that area] (ex. all the plants and animals in Mobile Bay)

Cell Theory

only cells reproduce more cells

Multicellular

organisms that consists of multiple cells

What is Life?

organisms that share a common set of characteristics

False

A falsiate hypothesis cannot be tested -true -false

Zika and other mosquito borne diaseases

CRISPR research can decrease the spread of what type of disease? -HIV -liver disease -Zika and other mosquito borne diseases -heart disease -cancer

List the 7 characteristics of Living organisms

Cells Grow & Develop Metabolism Move Respond to Stimuli Reproduction Adaptation

The trees turned black so the white moths eventually died, but because they were spotted more easily, the black moths thrived

Explain the adaptation moths went through during the Industrial Revolution

7

How many characteristics of living organisms?

order

Similar families of organisms are next grouped together in the same -genus -class -order -kingdom -phylum

class

Similar families of organisms are next grouped together in the same: -order -genus -phylum -class -kingdom

True

Similar orders are placed in the same class -True -False

true

Similar orders are placed in the same class -true -false

interrelation of structure within and among organisms

The human body is made up of specialized cells that perform different functions. For example, a neuron is a specialized cell of the nervous system that receives and transmits signals throughout the body. To perform these tasks, the neuron uniquely possesses branched protoplasmic protrusions, called dendrites and axons, which conduct the signals to and from its cell body. This illustrates which of the five major biological themes? -Evolution' -Transmission of information within and among organisms -interaction among biological systems -interelation of structure and function in biological systems -activity of living cells

adaptations

What are inherited characteristics that enhance an organisms ability to survive in its environment? -asexual reproduction -DNA -adaptations -biosphere -acellular levels

- Neither investigators nor subjects know who is in the experimental or control groups

Which scenario best describes a double-blind study? -The subjects do not know if they are in the experimental or control groups -The investigator and the subjects wear blindfolds -Neither the investigator nor the subjects know who is in the experimental or control groups -No one knows who is in the experimental or control groups -The investigator does not know if subjects are in the experimental or control groups

Protists

You discover an organism that is eukaryotic, unicellular, and photosynthesis. Based on this evidence, to which group would you assign this organism? -Protists -Plantae -Bacteria -Fungi -Archaea

Protists

You discover an organism that is eukaryotic, unicellular, and photosynthetic. Based on this evidence, to which group would you assign this organism? -Bacteria -Fungi -Archae -Plantae -Protists

biosphere

all of the ecosystems working together (ex. atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere)

bread mold= fungi chimpanzee=animals oak tree=plants prokaryotes=bacteria unicellular eukaryotes=protists

bread mold= chimpanzee= oak tree= prokaryotes= unicellular eukaryotes=

possesses a nucleus

by definition, an organism that is eukaryotic: -possesses organ systems -possesses a nucleus -is a protist -is unicellular -belongs to the domain Bacteria

hormones

chemical messengers

molecule

combination of 1 or more type of atoms

sexual reproduction

genetic variation, they are all different

genes, hormones, and neurotransmitters

information in living organisms is transmitted by which mechanism: -genes, hormones, and neurotranmitters -neurotransmitters only -genes only -genes and hormones -hormone only

organelles

internal structures that perform specific tasks functions

cells, reproduce, and movement

list 3 characteristics to be considered living

population- shrimp in Mobile Bay Community- all plants & animals in Mobile Bay ecosystem- plants, animals, sand, rocks in Mobile Bay biosphere- all ecosystems in Mobile Bay

list and give examples of the ecological levels

prokaryotic cells

no nucleus (ex. bacteria)

Homeostatic mechanisms

self-regulating control systems the ensure homeostasis is maintained (sweating-> releasing heat)

order

similar families of organisms are next grouped together in the same: -order -kingdom -phylum -genus -class

Metabolism

sum of all chemical activities in a organism (nutrition, growth & repair, energy conservation)

Adaptation

traits that help organisms survive in a environment (ex. tongue on a frog, wings of a bird, fur of a polar bear)

Decomposers

(heterotrophs) Obtain nutrients by breaking down wastes and dead organisms; allows recycling nutrients (ex. bacteria and fungi)

Linnaean System

- 2 part name: 1st part= genus 2nd part= species - Genus name= captialized & can be abbreviated - species= lower case *BOTH underlined or italized

Organisms move

- Amoeboid motto - Beating of Cilia/Flagella - Sessile organisms move as larvae - orientation of plants

Protista

- Eukaryote - Algae, protozoa, water mold and slime mold

Plantae

- Eukaryote - nonvascular (mosses), vascular

Animalia

- Multicellular organisms that eat other organisms for nutrition - Eukaryote

4 Darwinian Observations about Natural Selection

1) Individual members of the species show some variation from one another (all look different) 2) Organisms produce more offspring than will survive 3) Organisms compete for resources, those that are best at doing it pass it on to their young 4) The best fit organisms pass traits on to their young; best adapted to survive (ex. moths from lab)

Fungi

An organism prokaryotic nor photosynthetic, and must obtain its nutrients by secreting disgestive enzymes into the environment, belongs to which group of organisms? -Protists -PLantae -Fungi -animalia -Bacteria

List the 6 Kingdoms

Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

true

Changing your view of reality involves a paradigm shift -true -false

to ensure that the results observed in the experimental group is due to the variable being tested

During an experiment, what is the purpose of a control group? -to prove the hypothesis -to disapprove the hypothesis -to replicate the results of the experimental group -to ensure that the results observed in the experimental group is due to the variable being tested -to allow the comparison of the results with previous experiments

through the release of chemicals, visual displays and sounds

How do individuals communicate with other organisms?

through cell signaling

How does the body communicate between cells (within individuals)?

DNA, carrying genes, is passed on from parents to offspring during sexual reproduction

How does the body transmit information from generation to generation?

IV,III, and V

Identify three of the five basic themes in Biology: I. The cellular composition of life II. The evolution of life III. The interaction of living systems IV. The mechanisms of disease V. The transmission of information

Kingdom-> Phylum->Class->Order->Family-> Genus-> Species

King Philip Came Over For Grape Soda Hierarchical Taxonomy

organisms living today descended from previously existing forms

One of the conlclusions drawn from Darwins theory of evolution is that: -living organisms contain substances produced by cells -existing organisms can adapt to environmental changes -living organisms are composed of basic units called cells -genetic information can be passed from organism to organism -organisms living today descended from previously existing forms

homeostatic

Suppose a particular protein is produced in excess of the cells needs. What kind of mechanism will intervene to stop prodution? -catabolic -respiratory -homestatic -metabolic -growth

soil, water, sun, and zucchini seeds

Suppose we want to examine the effects of a fertilizer on the size of zucchini produced, and therefore, we need to establish the experimental and control groups. The control group for this experiment would be defined under which conditons? -soil, fertilizer, water, sun and zucchini seeds -soil, fertilizer, water, sun, but no zucchini seeds -soil, water, and sun -soil, water, sun, and no zucchini seeds -soil, water, sun, and zucchini seeds

maintain a constant internal environment

The primary purpose of homoestasis is to: -maintain a constant internal environment -accept responses to stimuli -allow unrestricted movement of an organism -provide unlimited growth within an organism -convert an organism to live in a harmful environment

True

The scientific name for coffee if Coffee arabica. More specifically, the species name is arabica -true -false

DNA mutation

The ultimate source of variation is ____

Chordata

To which phylum do humans belong? -Animalia -Mammalia -Homo sapiens -Chordata -Vertebrata

genes

What are units of hereditary information? -hormones -RNA -genes -nucleotides

A cel splitting into identical halves

What is a distinct characteristic of sexual reproduction? -fusion of egg and sperm -high degree of genetic variation -genes contributed by two parents -formation of a fertilized egg -a cell splitting into identical halves

taxonomy

What is a subspecialty of systematics and is the science of naming and classifying organisms? -taxonomy -cladogram -phyla -binomial system of nomenclature -systems biology

oxygen

What is the by-product of photosynthesis? -water -glucose -oxygen -carbon dioxide -light

They provide movement for the cell

What is the purpose of the cilia and flagella of cells? -They generate cell signaling -They help maintain homeostasis -They contact muscles -They generate the cells metabolism -They provide movement for the cell

They provide movement for the cell

What is the purpose of the cilia and flagella of cells? -they generate cell signaling -they provide movement for the cell -they contract muscles -they generate the cells metabolism -they help maintain homeostasis

DNA

What type of molecule carries the hereditary information of an organism? -nucleus -hormone -protein -DNA -RNA

All life would eventually cease due to a lack of available nutrients

What would be the ultimate effect on an ecosystem if decomposers were eliminated? -The consumers would have to eat twice as much -all life would eventually cease due to a lack of available nutrients -the rate of photosynthesis would increase -energy flow between producers and consumers would increase -producers would outgrow consumers

All life would eventually cease due to lack of available nutrients

What would be the ultimate effect on an ecosystem if decomposers were eliminated? -the consumers would have to eat twice as much -energy flow between producers and consumers would increase -the rate of photosynthesis would increase -producers would outgrow consumers -all life would eventually cease due to lack of available nutrients

organ

When tissues organize, what do they form? -an enzyme -an atom -a nucleus -a cell -an organ

An organ

When tissues organize, what do they form? -an enzyme -an atom -a nucleus -an organ -a cell

the interaction of the genes from both parents allows genetic variation

Which is a benefit of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction? -more offspring are produced by the parents -the offspring are all identical to the parents -the interaction of the genes from both parents allows genetic variation -there is less variation from generation to generation -evolution occurs at a slower rate when there are two parents

population

Which organizational unit includes the fewest species of organisms? -ecosystem -biosphere -community -population -class

population changing over time

Which process is most directly associated with the theory of evolution? -sexual reproction producing genetic variation -populations changing over time -mutations changing the gene pool -competition within a population for limited resources -production of large numbers of offspring

producers->consumers->decomposers

Which sequence represents the pattern of energy flow within an ecosystems? -producers->consumers->decomposers -producers->decomposers->consumers -decomposers->producers->consumers -consumers->producers->decomposers -decomposers->consumers->producers

All living organisms are composed of basic units called cells

Which statement best decribes the cell theory? -All living organisms respond to stimuli -All living organisms can form a population of organisms -All living organisms change locations to find food or to escape predators -All living organisms from and develop -All living organisms are composed of basic units called cells

autotrophs synthesize macromolecules from CO2.,water and energy

Which statement best describes autotrophs organisms? -autotrophs depend on heterotrophs for food and energy -autotrophs synthesize macromolecules from CO2, water and energy -Autotrophs cannot carry out cellular respiration during the day -autotrophs are exemplified by fungi and animals -autotrophs are exemplified by animals and bacteria

it is unchangeable

Which statement concerning a scientific theory? -it predicts new facts -it is supported by many observations -It is unchangeable -it is based on multiple hypothesis -it may suggest practical applications

touch

Which stimulus most directly causes the Venus flytrap in watchman insect? -touch -sound -gravity -light -scent

CRISPR/Cas9

Which technology has been used to successfully deactivate specific human genes, modify yeasts for biofuel production, and modify argicultural crop? -epigentics -vectors -cell signaling -CRISPR/Cas9 -gene therapy

Cellular level

combination of atoms and molecule that make the basic unit of life cells

plasma membrane

outer most membrane of a cell that regulates transfer of materials in and out of cells (ex. bouncer in the club)

population

the species in the same area (ex. Shrimp in mobile bay)

Neurotransmitters

transmits information through the nervous system

genes

what are units of hereditary information? -genes -proteins -hormones -RNA -nucleotides

atom

what is the smallest chemcial unit that retains the characteristics properties of a given element? -tissue -organism -cell -atom -molecule


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