BIO Chapter 11

About how much blood does a typical human adult have? a)3 liters B)5 liters C)10 liters D)15 liters

B)5 liters

What is the role of the epithelium? a)Covers exposed body surfaces b)Contracts to create body movement c)Transmits electrical signals throughout the body d)Provides the padding between the joints

a)Covers exposed body surfaces

The term interface can be used to describe the surface across which molecules and ions are exchanged, often diffusing between external and internal environments or between organ systems. What part of the respiratory system forms the interface between the respiratory system and the circulatory system? a)Pharynx b)Alveoli c)Bronchioles d)Trachea

b)Alveoli

Which type of white blood cells produces defensive proteins called antibodies? a)T cells b)B cells c)Natural killer cells d)Phagocytic cells

b)B cells

There are many organs and glands of the endocrine system, but which one is the master controller? a)Pancreas b)Hypothalamus c)Thyroid d)Pituitary

b)Hypothalamus

What causes a stomach ulcer? a)Lack of a key nutrient b)Chronic consumption of spicy food c)A bacterial infection d)Consuming too many calories

c)A bacterial infection

Select the feature which is not directly involved in the clotting process. a)Fibrin b)Platelets c)Hemoglobin d)All of these are involved in the clotting process.

c)Hemoglobin

The main function of this substance is to aid in the digestion of fat. a)saliva b)pepsin c)bile d)chyme

c)bile

How is it that red blood cells can bind oxygen in the lungs but then offload it near body cells that need it? a)A conformational change caused by high pH causes the oxygen to detach near the cells that need it. b)A conformational change caused by low pH causes the oxygen to detach near the cells that need it. c)Oxygen is displaced by carbon dioxide in the body. D)Oxygen diffuses into or out of the blood following its concentration gradient.

D)Oxygen diffuses into or out of the blood following its concentration gradient.

True or False? Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the alveoli and into the pulmonary capillaries, while oxygen diffuses out of the pulmonary capillaries and into the alveolar sacs.

False

True or False? If you cut your skin, damaged cells release chemicals to initiate blood clotting. Formation of a blood clot stimulates additional chemical release, which accelerates the clotting process. This is an example of a negative feedback mechanism.

False

True or False? Proteins are made from 20 different amino acids. All 20 are essential as part of a healthy diet.

False

True or False? Urine leaves the kidney though the renal vein.

False

True or False? Water soluble vitamins are essential in the diet while fat soluble vitamins are not.

False

True or False Epithelial tissues cover most body surfaces and form the inner lining for most body cavities.

True

True or False? Animals regulate their internal environments in a way that maintains relative stability in response to changes in their external environments. This tendency, called "homeostasis," is most often maintained by negative feedback mechanisms.

True

True or False? Blood clotting depends on bits of cells pinched off from larger cells in the bone marrow.

True

True or False? During diastole, the heart muscles relax; during systole, the atria and ventricles contract sequentially.

True

True or False? Insulin and glucagon work together to regulate blood glucose levels. This is an example of a negative feedback circuit.

True

True or False? Oxygen-poor blood enters the heart through two veins: the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava.

True

Select the correct sequence for the pathway of blood through the heart. a)Body → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Body b)Body → Right Ventricle → Right Atrium → Lungs → Left Ventricle → Left Atrium → Body c)Body → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Lungs → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Body d)Body → Left Ventricle → Left Atrium → Lungs → Right Ventricle → Right Atrium → Body

a)Body → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Body

What type of disorder is AIDS? a)Immunodeficiency b)Immune rejection c)Autoimmune disease d)Allergic reaction

a)Immunodeficiency

Which accessory organ's secretions neutralize stomach acid before it reaches the intestines? a)Pancreas b)Liver c)Salivary glands d)Gallbladder

a)Pancreas

In what way can the human circulatory system be described as double circulation? a)The human cardiovascular system includes the pulmonary circuit and a systemic circuit. b)Blood can go through veins in two different directions. c)The heart has two chambers. d)Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Veins return blood to the heart.

a)The human cardiovascular system includes the pulmonary circuit and a systemic circuit.

What is the purpose of dialysis treatments? a)To detoxify dangerous chemicals in the bloodstream b)To constrict blood vessels to prevent death from anaphylactic shock c)To keep the airways open so one can breathe d)To remove waste products from the bloodstream

a)To detoxify dangerous chemicals in the bloodstream

Which form of diabetes would require regular injections of insulin? a)Type 1 b)Type 2 c)Type 3 d)Type 4

a)Type 1

Which medication prevents viral infections by priming the immune system against a specific virus? a)Vaccine b)Antibiotic c)Anti-inflammatory d)Diuretic

a)Vaccine

Scurvy is caused by a lack of which nutrient? a)Vitamin C b)Omega-3 fatty acid c)Vitamin D d)Calcium

a)Vitamin C

Heartburn is actually __________. a)acid reflux b)inflammatory bowel disease c)an ulcer d)gallstones

a)acid reflux

Most of the absorption of food nutrients takes place __________. a)in the small intestine b)in the large intestine c)throughout the entire alimentary canal d)in the stomach

a)in the small intestine

Most of the absorption of nutrients (besides water) takes place in the ________. a)small intestine b)stomach c)esophagus d)large intestine

a)small intestine

What is the role of the epiglottis? a)Filters dust and other impurities from entering the respiratory system b)Prevents food from entering the windpipe c)Produces the positive or negative pressures that force air into or out of the lungs d)Produces vocal sounds

b)Prevents food from entering the windpipe

An essential nutrient is specifically a nutrient that your body ________. a)cannot store b)cannot make by itself c)needs to grow d)needs to function

b)cannot make by itself

Which of the following is NOT part of your innate immune system? a)phagocytic cells b)lymphocytes c)stomach acid d)natural killer cells

b)lymphocytes

Vaccines can convey long-term immunity because they stimulate the production of __________. a)effector cells b)memory cells c)phagocytic cells d)natural killer cells

b)memory cells

Following an injury to your hand, the injured area appears red and swollen. It feels painful and warm to the touch. What is the cause of these symptoms? a)external defenses b)the inflammatory response c)the complement system d)natural killer cells

b)the inflammatory response

What moves the food from your mouth to your stomach when you swallow? a)Gravity b)Pressure difference between zones c)Peristaltic muscle contractions d)Undulatory muscle contractions

c)Peristaltic muscle contractions

Urine contains mostly __________. a)urea b)glucose c)water d)sodium

c)water

How do allergens elicit allergy symptoms? a)Allergens cause the self-recognition system to break down which, in turn, causes the immune system to improperly turn against the body's own molecules. b)Allergens cause B cells to release antibodies. c)Allergens cause immunodeficiency diseases by destroying helper T cells. d)Allergens bind to antibodies embedded in the surface of mast cells, which triggers the mast cells to release histamine.

d)Allergens bind to antibodies embedded in the surface of mast cells, which triggers the mast cells to release histamine.

What is the condition called when your body's immune system overreacts to an otherwise harmless foreign particle? a)Diabetes b)SCID c)Arthritis d)Allergy

d)Allergy

Which are the thinnest blood vessels? a)Bronchioles b)Venules c)Arterioles d)Capillaries

d)Capillaries

What is the name of the response to an injury in which fluids leak from dilated blood vessels causing redness and swelling? a)Lymphatic response b)Innate response c)Compliment response d)Inflammatory response

d)Inflammatory response

Identify the primary role of the lymphatic system. a)Delivery of oxygen to the deep muscle cells b)Distribution of hormones to the body c)Filter out cellular wastes from the blood d)Produce and store large numbers of white blood cells

d)Produce and store large numbers of white blood cells

Choose the defining characteristic of all arteries. a)They only carry blood back to the heart. b)They only carry deoxygenated blood. c)They only carry oxygenated blood. d)They only carry blood away from the heart.

d)They only carry blood away from the heart.

What is the role of the villi? a)To secrete digestive enzymes into the digestive tract b)To secrete water into the digestive tract c)To move food along the digestive tract d)To absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract

d)To absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract

Which is not a function of the circulatory system? a)To distribute heat throughout the body b)To carry chemical signals, such as hormones, throughout the body c)To transport nutrients to the cells and to remove wastes from the cells d)To produce and store all of the immune system cells

d)To produce and store all of the immune system cells

What is the name of the tubes that run from the kidneys to the bladder? a)Fallopian tubes b)Nephrons c)Urethras d)Ureters

d)Ureters

The human circulatory system constitutes __________. a)an organ b)connective tissue c)a tissue d)an organ system

d)an organ system

Maintaining a steady state internal environment, despite a changing external environment, is called ________. a)biofeedback b)heterostasis c)bioregulation d)homeostasis

d)homeostasis

The pulmonary circuit specifically circulates blood to the ________. a)liver b)heart c)brain d)lungs

d)lungs