BIO CHAPTER 12 CELL CYCLE

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference(s) between mitosis and binary fission? Binary fission involves the replication and division of a single chromosome, whereas mitosis involves the division of multiple, replicated chromosomes. There are no differences between binary fission and mitosis. Binary fission involves the replication and division of multiple chromosomes, whereas mitosis involves the replication and division of a single chromosome. A cell plate forms across the middle of two cells dividing by binary fission, but this does not occur in mitosis. Binary fission in bacteria is completed by microtubules, but mitosis does not involve these structures. None of the listed responses is correct.

Binary fission involves the replication and division of a single chromosome, whereas mitosis involves the division of multiple, replicated chromosomes.

What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor? Cells of benign tumors do not metastasize; those of malignant tumors do. Benign tumors arise by transformation; malignant tumors do not. Cells of benign tumors metastasize; those of malignant tumors do not. Benign tumors will not kill you; malignant tumors will. Benign tumors do not arise by transformation; malignant tumors do.

Cells of benign tumors do not metastasize; those of malignant tumors do.

Regarding the cell cycle in humans, which are correct? Additional ATP is required to complete mitosis. Cdks phosphorylate proteins in the respiratory chain. Mitochondria have their own DNA and are not involved in the cell cycle. Cdks regulate only the cell cycle. Cdks dampen the respiration process to conserve energy for mitosis.

-Additional ATP is required to complete mitosis. -Cdks phosphorylate proteins in the respiratory chain.

Regarding MPF, which are correct? -Cyclin accumulates during the G2 phase. -MPF promotes mitosis by phosphorylating proteins. -Cyclin concentration peaks during the M phase. -MPF is a Cdk. -Synthesis of the cyclin begins in the G1 phase. -During G2, the Cdk is recycled.

-Cyclin accumulates during the G2 phase. -MPF promotes mitosis by phosphorylating proteins. -Cyclin concentration peaks during the M phase.

Put these structures in their order at metaphase, starting from the pole. centrosome microtubule kinetochore chromosome

Centrosome 1 - Outermost Microtubule-2 Kinetochore-3 Chromosome 4 - Innermost

In animal cell mitosis, the cleavage furrow forms during which stage of the cell cycle? Cytokinesis Anaphase The G1 phase Metaphase Prophase

Cytokinesis

Which are part of the M phase? Mitosis Cytokinesis G1 S G2

Mitosis Cytokinesis

Which of the following events does not occur during interphase of the cell cycle? Separation of the sister chromatids Duplication of the chromosomes Growth of the cell Production of new mitochondria Protein production Production of the endoplasmic reticulum

Separation of the sister chromatids

Which of the following phases of mitosis is essentially the opposite of prometaphase in terms of the nuclear envelope? Telophase Metaphase S phase Interphase Anaphase

TELOPHASE

A cell biologist examined the DNA content of a cell from a fruit fly larva during the G1 phase and determined that it had 150 units of DNA. After measuring the DNA content of the same type of cell after the G2 phase, it was discovered that the cell had 300 units of DNA. How is this possible? The DNA was replicated during the S phase of interphase, which occurs between the two G phases. The DNA was replicated during the G2 phase of interphase. The DNA was replicated during the G1 phase of interphase. The DNA was replicated prior to interphase. The DNA was not replicated. This was the result of a mutation. The DNA was replicated after the G2 phase of interphase.

The DNA was replicated during the S phase of interphase, which occurs between the two G phases.

Which of the following statements describes a cell that undergoes mitosis but not cytokinesis? The cell contains more than one nucleus. The cell has one nucleus. The cell does not contain a nucleus. The cell has undergone transformation and become a cancer cell. The cell has not proceeded through interphase. The cell dies.

The cell contains more than one nucleus.

Which of the following events occurs during metaphase of mitosis? The chromosomes align along the metaphase plate of the cell. The nuclear envelope disappears. The chromosomes condense. The sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite sides of the cell. The nuclear envelope forms again. The mitotic spindle forms.

The chromosomes align along the metaphase plate of the cell.

Which of the following events does not occur during prophase of mitosis? The mitotic spindle breaks down. The mitotic spindle forms. The chromosomes condense. Nucleoli disappear. The centrosomes move away from each other. Each duplicated chromosome appears as two identical sister chromatids.

The mitotic spindle breaks down.

The centrosomes move away from each other. The chromosomes align along the metaphase plate of the cell. The mitotic spindle forms. The nuclear envelope forms again. The sister chromatids are pulled toward opposite sides of the cell.

The nuclear envelope fragments.

Which of the following events occurs during anaphase of mitosis? The sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite sides of the cell. The chromosomes align along the metaphase plate of the cell. The nuclear envelope fragments. Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes. The nuclear envelope forms again. The mitotic spindle forms.

The sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite sides of the cell.

Which of the following events occurs during telophase of mitosis? Two distinct daughter nuclei form in the cell. The nuclear envelope fragments. The chromosomes align on the metaphase plate. The sister chromatids separate. The chromosomes condense. DNA replicates.

Two distinct daughter nuclei form in the cell.

The region of a chromosome holding the two double strands of replicated DNA together is called __________. a centromere chromatin a centriole a chromatid an aster

a centromere

The function of the mitotic cell cycle is to produce daughter cells that __________. are genetically identical to the parent cell (assuming no mutation has occurred) have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell but not the same genetic content have a random assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes have the same number of chromatids as the parent cell had chromosomes None of the listed responses is correct.

are genetically identical to the parent cell (assuming no mutation has occurred)

The complex of DNA and protein that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome is properly called __________. chromatin a chromatid a centromere a chromoplast a centrosome

chromatin

During interphase, the genetic material of a typical eukaryotic cell is __________. dispersed in the nucleus as long strands of chromatin dispersed in the cytoplasm as long strands of chromatin condensed and the chromosomes are often visible under the light microscope attached to microtubule spindle fibers transported through the nuclear pores

dispersed in the nucleus as long strands of chromatin

Cytokinesis refers to __________. division of the cytoplasm division of the entire cell division of the nucleus reduction in the number of chromosomes movement of a cell from one place to another

division of the cytoplasm

Observations of cancer cells in culture support the hypothesis that cancer cells do not exhibit density-dependent inhibition produce molecules that inhibit the growth factors required for cell division exhibit anchorage dependence spend the majority of their time in the G0 phase all of the listed responses are correct

do not exhibit density-dependent inhibition

Chromatids are __________. identical copies of each other if they are part of the same chromosome found only in aberrant chromosomes held together by the centrioles the bacterial equivalent of eukaryotic chromosomes composed of RNA

identical copies of each other if they are part of the same chromosome

You would know a dividing cell was a plant cell rather than an animal cell if you saw that __________. it had formed a cell plate it had two pairs of centrioles during prophase it had microtubules the nucleolus was visible during metaphase it had formed a cleavage furrow

it had formed a cell plate

The spread of cancer cells to other locations in the body is known as __________. metastasis chemotherapy density-dependent inhibition transformation a benign tumor None of the listed responses is correct.

metastasis

Checkpoints in the cell cycle control system __________. regulate the cell cycle through a variety of stop and go signals ensure that a cell keeps dividing only stop cells from dividing only signal cells to undergo mitosis have no effect on the cell cycle stop cancer cells from dividing

regulate the cell cycle through a variety of stop and go signals

DNA replication occurs in __________. -the S phase of interphase in both somatic and reproductive cells -prophase of both mitosis and meiosis -metaphase of meiosis only -the G1 phase of interphase in reproductive cells only -the cytokinesis portion of the cell's life cycle

the S phase of interphase in both somatic and reproductive cells

One event occurring during prophase is __________. the beginning of the formation of a spindle apparatus the synthesis of a new nuclear envelope the alignment of chromosomes in a single plane cytokinesis division of the centromere

the beginning of the formation of a spindle apparatus

Regarding cell cycle checkpoints, which are correct? The S checkpoint determines whether the DNA has been damaged. The M checkpoint determines whether chromosomes are attached to microtubulues. The G2 checkpoint determines whether growth factors are present. The G1 checkpoint determines whether DNA has replicated correctly. Most cells of the human body are in the G1 phase.

the s checkpoint determines whether DNA has been damaged

Regarding MPF, which are correct? MPF is formed by a cyclin and a Cdk. During anaphase, the cyclin component is degraded. MPF activity peaks during the M phase. Cyclin accumulates during the G1 phase. When enough MPF accumulates, the cell passes the G1 checkpoint.

-MPF is formed by a cyclin and a Cdk. -During anaphase, the cyclin component is degraded. -MPF activity peaks during the M phase.

Regarding MPF, which are correct? Synthesis of the cyclin begins in the S phase. When enough MPF accumulates, the cell passes the G2 checkpoint. During G1, the Cdk is recycled. MPF is a cyclin. MPF activity peaks during the S phase. Cyclin concentration peaks during the G2 phase.

-Synthesis of the cyclin begins in the S phase. -When enough MPF accumulates, the cell passes the G2 checkpoint. -During G1, the Cdk is recycled.

Regarding cell cycle checkpoints, which are correct? The G1 checkpoint determines whether growth factors are present. The S checkpoint determines whether the DNA has been damaged. Most cells of the human body are in the G0 phase. The G2 checkpoint determines whether chromosomes are attached to microtubules. The M checkpoint determines whether DNA has replicated correctly.

-The G1 checkpoint determines whether growth factors are present. -The S checkpoint determines whether the DNA has been damaged. -Most cells of the human body are in the G0 phase.

Regarding the cell cycle, which are correct? The cell grows in the G1, S and G2 phases. Cytokinesis occurs in the M phase. The cell does not grow in the G2 phase. The cell spends most of its time in the M phase. DNA synthesis occurs during the M phase.

-The cell grows in the G1, S and G2 phases. -Cytokinesis occurs in the M phase.

Regarding the cell cycle, which are correct? The cell spends most of its time in the interphase. DNA synthesis occurs during the S phase. The cell does not grow in the G1 phase. The cell divides in the S phase. Cytokinesis occurs in the interphase.

-The cell spends most of its time in the interphase. -DNA synthesis occurs during the S phase.

In some bacteria, the process of cell division is initiated when the DNA of the bacterial chromosome begins to replicate at a specific place on the chromosome called the origin of replication. Which are steps in this process? The origin of replication splits into two copies. The cell elongates. Chromosomes form sister chromatids. Vesicles form a cell plate.

-The origin of replication splits into two copies. -The cell elongates.

A cell contains 40 chromatids at the beginning of mitosis. How many chromosomes will it contain at the completion of cytokinesis? 20 40 80 10 5 160

20

How many chromatids does a human somatic cell contain after interphase and just prior to mitosis? 92 46 23 184 22 69

92

Which event or events occur during anaphase? All of the listed responses are correct. The centromeres divide The centrioles are at opposite poles A spindle made of microtubules is present Identical chromatids move to opposite poles

All of the listed responses are correct.

Which of the following structures is/are part of the mitotic spindle? All of the listed responses are part of the mitotic spindle. Kinetochore microtubules Nonkinetochore microtubules The aster Centrosome

All of the listed responses are part of the mitotic spindle.

In some bacteria, the process of cell division is initiated when the DNA of the bacterial chromosome begins to replicate at a specific place on the chromosome called the origin of replication. Which are steps in this process? An actin-like protein pulls part of the chromosome. A new cell wall is deposited. The nuclear envelope disintegrates. Vesicles form a cell plate.

An actin-like protein pulls part of the chromosome. A new cell wall is deposited.