Bio Chapter 4
Which structures occur only in eukaryotic cells?
Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi bodies
What part of a phospholipid faces the cytosol inside a cell?
Hydrophilic Head
What are components of the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane is a lipid bilayer with molecules such as cholesterol and proteins embedded in it.
What do peroxisomes break down?
fatty acids and toxins and amino acids
The surface-to-volume ratio...
constrains cell size
Bacteria lack DNA.
False
Which type of microscope would you use to examine a virus?
Electron Microscope
Which of the following is a property of life that viruses lack?
Engages in self-sustaining biological processes such as homeostasis and metabolism
Initial protein modification occurs in the Golgi Bodies.
False
The bacterial chromosome is a double helix.
False, The bacterial chromosome is a single, circular molecule.
Bacteria are eukaryotes
False, prokaryotes
All strains of E. coli are toxic in humans.
False`
Which of the following organelles contains no DNA?
Golgi body
What do fluorescent dyes consist of?
Molecules that absorb light of a particular color, then emit light of a different color.
The plasma membrane is considered a fluid mosaic because it permits incorporated molecules such as receptors and transport proteins to _____.
Move around laterally within the membrane
What is the cytoskeleton?
is the basis of eukaryotic cell shape, internal structure, and movement.
Enzymes contained in... break down worn-out organelles, bacteria, and other particles.
lyosomes
In eukaryotes, where does photosynthesis take place?
the inner (thylakoid) membrane of chloroplasts
Cytoplasm
semifluid substance enclosed by a cell's plasma membrane
What is the endomembrane system?
series of organelles that interact mainly lipids, enzymes, and proteins for insertion into membranes or secretion
Eukaryotic cells are approximately _____ prokaryotic cells.
10 times larger than
What is a microfilament?
A cytoskeletal element made of actin that reinforces cell membranes and functions in cell movement
Match each cell component with its function. A. mitochondrion B. chloroplast C. ribosome D. nucleus E. cell junction F. Flagellum G. Cuticle
A. ATP production B. photosynthesis C. Protein Synthesis D. Protects DNA E. Connection F. Movement G. Protective covering
What structure allows only certain molecules to pass into or out of the cell?
Cell Membrane
What distinguishes archaea from bacteria?
Cell wall composition Lack of an external capsule
What are the tenets of cell theory? Select all that apply.
Cells are individually alive and are the basic structural and functional units of life. All living cells arise by division of preexisting cells. Every living organism consists of one or more cells.
What features are a part of all cells? Select all that apply.
Cytosol Plasma membrane DNA Ribosomes
Which of the following rids the cell of wastes?
Lysosome
Which functions are carried out by smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Makes phospholipids and stores calcium
What features of mitochondria are similar to bacteria?
Membrane-bound ribosomes Circular DNA similar to plasmids Independent movement
What helps move cell parts?
Microtubules
Which of these structures is not an example of an extracellular matrix?
Nuclear envelope
Which of the following contain the hereditary material?
Nucleus
Which of the following statements is correct?
Only eukaryotic cells have mitochondria.
Which of the following characteristics is specific to prokaryotic cells?
Plasmids
.... connects the cytoplasm of plant cells.
Plasmodesmata
Which of these cell junctions are open channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjoining plant cells?
Plasmodesmata
What properties define the phospholipids that make up the lipid bilayer? Select all that apply.
Polar, hydrophilic phosphate heads Nonpolar, hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails
Which of the following are the only molecules built by ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
Proteins
Which type of protein binds hormones?
Receptor
What kind of membrane proteins trigger a change in cellular activity in response to a stimulus?
Receptor proteins
Cell Theory
Theory that all organisms consist of one or more cells, which are the basic unit of life; all cells arise by division of preexisting cells; and all cells pass hereditary material to offspring
Which type of microscopy allows us to clearly view the internal contents of cell structures smaller than 200 nm?
Transmission electron microscopy
Ions and polar molecules can cross the plasma membrane in regions where the membrane has incorporated _____.
Transport Proteins
What are the functions of the nuclear pores?
Transport proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus for RNA synthesis Transport RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis
All cells have a plasma membrane, DNA containing region and cytoplasm.
True
Bacteria lack a nucleus.
True
Proteins are made on the ribosome.
True
The main function of the endomembrane system is
building and modifying proteins and lipids
Put the following structures in order according to the pathway of a secreted protein... A. plasma membrane B. Golgi bodies C. endoplasmic reticulum D. post-Golgi vesicles
c,b,d,a
No animal cell has a _____.
cell wall
What controls the passage of molecules into and out of the nucleus?
nuclear pores, which consist of membrane proteins
What cellular structure contains the DNA?
nucleus
Mitochondria are an example of _____.
organelles found within eukaryotic cells
Cell membranes consist mainly... of and...
phospholipids; protein