Bio Chapter 4 Cards

Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells, but not in prokaryotic cells?

A nucleus

Lysosomes contain enzymes which are able to break down which of the following?

Nucleic Acids proteins Carbohydrates Lipids

which of the following structures are only found in prokaryotic cells (choose all that apply)?

Nucleoid Pili

Ribosomal subunits are produced in a region of the nucleus, called the

Nucleolus

Vacuoles function in plant cells in which of the following capacities?

They deal with tonicity. They store items. They segregate toxic materials.

the rough endoplasmic reticulum plays a role in sorting proteins that are destined for which of the following locations?

Vacuoles Lysosomes Plasma membrane

Tight junctions are unique to which of the following?

Vertebrates

The internal portion of the endoplasmic reticulum is known as the _______ space, or _______.

cisternal Lumen

The fibrous protein, ______, found in the extracellular matrix of animal cells is also a major component of cartilage and tendons.

collagen

The area of the cell that is surrounded by the plasma membrane is called the

cytoplasm

the ________ is a semifluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell (including any organelles if present).

cytoplasm

The eukaryotic cell structure involved in supporting the shape of the cell and anchoring organelles to fixed locations is the

cytoskeleton

The primary function of which part of the cell is to support cell shape and anchor organelles in the cell?

cytoskeleton

Most cells are relatively small for reasons related to the ________ of substances into and out of cells.

diffusion

Which of the following is the the most important factor that limits the size of cells?

diffusion of substances in and out of the cell

Which structure forms a protective layer rich in glycoproteins on the surface of cells

extracellular matrix

MHC proteins are involved in the recognition of self and non-self by the _______ system.

immune

The space between the two membranes of a mitochondrion is known as the _______ space.

intermembrane

Which of the following accurately describes the major function of the nucleus?

it houses most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell

Which fibers of the cytoskeleton are responsible for moving materials within the cell and organizing the cytoplasm

microtubules

The ________ are cellular organelles, which use chemical energy stored within the covalent bonds of organic molecules to produce atp.

mitochondria

The repository of the genetic information that enables the synthesis of nearly all proteins in a living eukaryotic cell is which of the following structures

nucleus

Which of the following is the largest organelle present in eukaryotic cells

nucleus

Most bacterial cells are encased by a strong cell wall composed of _______ which is a carbohydrate matrix cross-linked by polypeptides.

peptidoglycan

A type of microbody found in eukaryotic cells is the ______, where hydrogen peroxide is produced as a by-product of the action of certain oxidative enzymes.

peroxisome

The largest vacuoles, which can occupy most of the cell volume, are found in which type of cell

plant

Surface _______ give cell their identity. In multicellular organisms, this allows the recognition of cells that are the same tissue type.

proteins

Functions that include glycoprotein production and protein sorting are characteristic of the ______ endoplasmic reticulum.

rough

The application of chemical _______ selectively labels individual components of a cell and may greatly imprvoe contrast.

stains

which of the following correctly explains the relationship between a cell's surface area and its volume

the smaller the cell, the larger its surface area to volume ratio is

___________ junctions (contain proteins called Claudins) between neighboring cells of the lining of the human digestive tract are very secure and prevent leakage

tight

The purpose of a compound light microscope can best be described as which of the following?

to allow the visualization of cells and cellular components.

The role of the nucleolus is which of the following?

to produce ribosomal subunits

The nuclear envelope is composed of which of the following?

two bilayers of phsopholipids

As a cell's size increases, its ______ increases much more rapidly than its surface area.

volume

Archaea differ from bacteria in which of the following ways?

They Lack peptidoglycan

How many subunits make up a ribosome?

2

Arrange the steps of protein transport through the endomembrane system into the correct order

1 Transport 2 Proteins are modified 3 Proteins are packaged 4 Proteins are released

if the radius of the cell increases by 10 times, then the surface area will increase by _______ times and the volume will increase by ______ times (please fill blanks with numbers).

100,1000

During the contraction of muscle cells, which fiber is used?

Actin

Select the organisms that contain chloroplasts.

Algae Plants

Identify the fibers which are used in the cell division of animal cells

Microtubules Actin

Most cells cannot be seen without a microscope. Why?

Because of the limited resolving power of the human eye

Match the following cytoskeletal elements with their proper chemical makeup.

Microfilaments - composed of actin Microtubules - composed of tubulin Intermediate filaments - composed of protein tetramers

Bacterial cells are encased by a strong cell wall of peptidoglycan. Which of the following accurately describes peptidoglycan

Carbohydrate matrix cross-linked by short polypeptide units

Which of the following is not a function of intermediate filaments?

Cell Division

Which of the following is the theory that is the unifying foundation of cell biology?

Cell Theory

Actin Fibers are involved with which type of movement?

Cellular Crawling

Which structure is involved in eukaryotic cell division?

Centrosome

In plants, photosynthesis occurs in semiautonomous organelles called

Chloroplasts

_________ are composed of microtubules, but are typically shorter than flagella and tend to cover all or part of the surface of a cell.

Cilia

Which of the following are functions of lysosomes?

Digestion of substances taken in by endocytosis Breaking down macromolecules in the cell Recycling of building blocks to make new molecules

functions of microtubules include which of the following?

Facilitating cellular movement Moving materials within the cell organizing the cytoplasm

The long, threadliek structures protruding from the surface of prokaryotic cells that are used for locomotion are which of the following?

Flagella

in comparing flagella and cilia, which ones are longer and found singly or in pairs?

Flagella

select the statements that are true concerning bacterial flagella

Flagella propel bacterial cells forward bacteria move by rotating their flagella like screws movement is powered by a proton gradient

Match the following types of junctions with their features and/or functions.

Gap Junctions - Involves connexon proteins that create a pore to connect cells. Plasmodesmata - Cytoplasmic connections between the cell walls of plants Tight Junctions - Leak-proof seal that surrounds the cell Adherens junctions - Cadherins bind to microfilaments Desmosomes - Cadherins bind to intermediate filaments

The functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum include which of the following?

Glycoprotein synthesis Protein sorting Protein synthesis

The extracellular matrix is made primarily of which of the following?

Glycoproteins

Which of the following organelles are part of the endomembrane system?

Golgi apparatus Endoplasmic retriculum

Which type of RNA carries information from DNA?

Messenger

match each type of microscopy with its characteristics

Phase Contrast - light waves are brought out of phase and recombine to produce contrast and brightness Bright Field - light is transmitted through a specimen, but gives little contrast Differential interference contrast- polarized light is split into two beams that combine to produce good contrast at the endges of structures confocal - light froma laser is focused and scanned across a stained specimen in two directions to produce a 3d image dark field - light is directed at an angle toward the specimen, which is light against a dark background

Identify the functions of actin filaments.

Pinching of the cell during division cell strength (stress fibers) Certain cell movement (crawling)

which of the following are features that all cells have in common?

Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Ribosomes Nucleus or nucleoid

The genetic material resides near the center of the cell in the nucleoid region in _______ cells while the genetic material is contained within the nucleus of ______ cells.

Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

The function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum include which of the following?

Protein synthesis Glycoprotein synthesis Protein sorting

Identify the functions of intermediate filaments.

Providing mechanical strength Providing structural stability

Of the following features, which are common to bacteria and archaea?

Ribosomes A plasma membrane

_______ junctions, which are found in both vertebrates and invertebrates, form a barrier that can seal off a sheet of cells.

Septate

Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include which of the following?

Steroid Synthesis Storage of Calcium Assembly of membrane lipids

Indentify the functions of cell vacuoles

Storage Water balance Segregation of Waste

What does the mitochondrial matrix refer to?

The compartment inside of the inner membrane