Bio Chapter 4 Cards
Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells, but not in prokaryotic cells?
A nucleus
Lysosomes contain enzymes which are able to break down which of the following?
Nucleic Acids proteins Carbohydrates Lipids
which of the following structures are only found in prokaryotic cells (choose all that apply)?
Nucleoid Pili
Ribosomal subunits are produced in a region of the nucleus, called the
Nucleolus
Vacuoles function in plant cells in which of the following capacities?
They deal with tonicity. They store items. They segregate toxic materials.
the rough endoplasmic reticulum plays a role in sorting proteins that are destined for which of the following locations?
Vacuoles Lysosomes Plasma membrane
Tight junctions are unique to which of the following?
Vertebrates
The internal portion of the endoplasmic reticulum is known as the _______ space, or _______.
cisternal Lumen
The fibrous protein, ______, found in the extracellular matrix of animal cells is also a major component of cartilage and tendons.
collagen
The area of the cell that is surrounded by the plasma membrane is called the
cytoplasm
the ________ is a semifluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell (including any organelles if present).
cytoplasm
The eukaryotic cell structure involved in supporting the shape of the cell and anchoring organelles to fixed locations is the
cytoskeleton
The primary function of which part of the cell is to support cell shape and anchor organelles in the cell?
cytoskeleton
Most cells are relatively small for reasons related to the ________ of substances into and out of cells.
diffusion
Which of the following is the the most important factor that limits the size of cells?
diffusion of substances in and out of the cell
Which structure forms a protective layer rich in glycoproteins on the surface of cells
extracellular matrix
MHC proteins are involved in the recognition of self and non-self by the _______ system.
immune
The space between the two membranes of a mitochondrion is known as the _______ space.
intermembrane
Which of the following accurately describes the major function of the nucleus?
it houses most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell
Which fibers of the cytoskeleton are responsible for moving materials within the cell and organizing the cytoplasm
microtubules
The ________ are cellular organelles, which use chemical energy stored within the covalent bonds of organic molecules to produce atp.
mitochondria
The repository of the genetic information that enables the synthesis of nearly all proteins in a living eukaryotic cell is which of the following structures
nucleus
Which of the following is the largest organelle present in eukaryotic cells
nucleus
Most bacterial cells are encased by a strong cell wall composed of _______ which is a carbohydrate matrix cross-linked by polypeptides.
peptidoglycan
A type of microbody found in eukaryotic cells is the ______, where hydrogen peroxide is produced as a by-product of the action of certain oxidative enzymes.
peroxisome
The largest vacuoles, which can occupy most of the cell volume, are found in which type of cell
plant
Surface _______ give cell their identity. In multicellular organisms, this allows the recognition of cells that are the same tissue type.
proteins
Functions that include glycoprotein production and protein sorting are characteristic of the ______ endoplasmic reticulum.
rough
The application of chemical _______ selectively labels individual components of a cell and may greatly imprvoe contrast.
stains
which of the following correctly explains the relationship between a cell's surface area and its volume
the smaller the cell, the larger its surface area to volume ratio is
___________ junctions (contain proteins called Claudins) between neighboring cells of the lining of the human digestive tract are very secure and prevent leakage
tight
The purpose of a compound light microscope can best be described as which of the following?
to allow the visualization of cells and cellular components.
The role of the nucleolus is which of the following?
to produce ribosomal subunits
The nuclear envelope is composed of which of the following?
two bilayers of phsopholipids
As a cell's size increases, its ______ increases much more rapidly than its surface area.
volume
Archaea differ from bacteria in which of the following ways?
They Lack peptidoglycan
How many subunits make up a ribosome?
2
Arrange the steps of protein transport through the endomembrane system into the correct order
1 Transport 2 Proteins are modified 3 Proteins are packaged 4 Proteins are released
if the radius of the cell increases by 10 times, then the surface area will increase by _______ times and the volume will increase by ______ times (please fill blanks with numbers).
100,1000
During the contraction of muscle cells, which fiber is used?
Actin
Select the organisms that contain chloroplasts.
Algae Plants
Identify the fibers which are used in the cell division of animal cells
Microtubules Actin
Most cells cannot be seen without a microscope. Why?
Because of the limited resolving power of the human eye
Match the following cytoskeletal elements with their proper chemical makeup.
Microfilaments - composed of actin Microtubules - composed of tubulin Intermediate filaments - composed of protein tetramers
Bacterial cells are encased by a strong cell wall of peptidoglycan. Which of the following accurately describes peptidoglycan
Carbohydrate matrix cross-linked by short polypeptide units
Which of the following is not a function of intermediate filaments?
Cell Division
Which of the following is the theory that is the unifying foundation of cell biology?
Cell Theory
Actin Fibers are involved with which type of movement?
Cellular Crawling
Which structure is involved in eukaryotic cell division?
Centrosome
In plants, photosynthesis occurs in semiautonomous organelles called
Chloroplasts
_________ are composed of microtubules, but are typically shorter than flagella and tend to cover all or part of the surface of a cell.
Cilia
Which of the following are functions of lysosomes?
Digestion of substances taken in by endocytosis Breaking down macromolecules in the cell Recycling of building blocks to make new molecules
functions of microtubules include which of the following?
Facilitating cellular movement Moving materials within the cell organizing the cytoplasm
The long, threadliek structures protruding from the surface of prokaryotic cells that are used for locomotion are which of the following?
Flagella
in comparing flagella and cilia, which ones are longer and found singly or in pairs?
Flagella
select the statements that are true concerning bacterial flagella
Flagella propel bacterial cells forward bacteria move by rotating their flagella like screws movement is powered by a proton gradient
Match the following types of junctions with their features and/or functions.
Gap Junctions - Involves connexon proteins that create a pore to connect cells. Plasmodesmata - Cytoplasmic connections between the cell walls of plants Tight Junctions - Leak-proof seal that surrounds the cell Adherens junctions - Cadherins bind to microfilaments Desmosomes - Cadherins bind to intermediate filaments
The functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum include which of the following?
Glycoprotein synthesis Protein sorting Protein synthesis
The extracellular matrix is made primarily of which of the following?
Glycoproteins
Which of the following organelles are part of the endomembrane system?
Golgi apparatus Endoplasmic retriculum
Which type of RNA carries information from DNA?
Messenger
match each type of microscopy with its characteristics
Phase Contrast - light waves are brought out of phase and recombine to produce contrast and brightness Bright Field - light is transmitted through a specimen, but gives little contrast Differential interference contrast- polarized light is split into two beams that combine to produce good contrast at the endges of structures confocal - light froma laser is focused and scanned across a stained specimen in two directions to produce a 3d image dark field - light is directed at an angle toward the specimen, which is light against a dark background
Identify the functions of actin filaments.
Pinching of the cell during division cell strength (stress fibers) Certain cell movement (crawling)
which of the following are features that all cells have in common?
Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Ribosomes Nucleus or nucleoid
The genetic material resides near the center of the cell in the nucleoid region in _______ cells while the genetic material is contained within the nucleus of ______ cells.
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
The function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum include which of the following?
Protein synthesis Glycoprotein synthesis Protein sorting
Identify the functions of intermediate filaments.
Providing mechanical strength Providing structural stability
Of the following features, which are common to bacteria and archaea?
Ribosomes A plasma membrane
_______ junctions, which are found in both vertebrates and invertebrates, form a barrier that can seal off a sheet of cells.
Septate
Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include which of the following?
Steroid Synthesis Storage of Calcium Assembly of membrane lipids
Indentify the functions of cell vacuoles
Storage Water balance Segregation of Waste
What does the mitochondrial matrix refer to?
The compartment inside of the inner membrane