Bio Chapter 8
What chromosomes belong to a normal human femal
44 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes
what chromosomes belong to a normal human MALE
44 autosomes, one X chromosome, and one Y chromosome
chromatin consists of
DNA and protein
In meiosis, how does prophase I differ from prophase II
During prophase I there is one diploid cell; during prophase II there are two haploid cells.
philosophically, what is the cause of these genetic abnormalities
a consequence of sin in the world
which of these could lead to the mistake evident in the karyotype
a nondisjunction in meiosis II in gamete formation
sexual reproduction in humans
allows a haploid sperm cell to fertilize a haploid egg cell
chromosomes that do NOT determine the sex of an individual are called
autosomes
Gametes have to
be haploid in order to contribute half of the genetic material
what is the difference between a benign and a malignant tumor
benign tumors do not metastasize; malignant tumors do
Stomatic cells are _______ while gametes are _______
body cells, sperm and egg cells
Homologous chromosomes
carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics
sister chromatids are joined at the
centromere
which of the following occurs during interphase
chromosome duplication occurs
during metaphase
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
the function of independent assortment is
create genetic diversity in the offspring
which of the following is a characteristic seen in prophase I that does NOT occur in prophase II
crossing over occurs
one celled organisms reproducing asexually produce ______ cells while most multicellular organisms repreoduce sexually by ______ cells
diploid, haploid
the purpose of cell replicating its genetic material before mitosis is to
divide the genetic material and yet maintain the same original amount
A karyotype (a chromosome display) would be unable to determine
eye color
How much genetic material is present in a cell during prophase I compared to a cell that has completed meiosis II?
four times as much
crossing over during prophase I results in
genetic recombination
a cell that completed the cell cycle without undergoing cytokinesis would
have two nuclei
What is said to be independent of each other in independent assortment
homologous chromosomes
What is said to be independent of each other in independent assortment?
homologous chromosomes
what is assorted or separated during independent assortment
homologous chromosomes
Non-disjunction occurs when
homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids fail to separate
During metaphase I,
homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
which of the following is the best description of the events in anaphase I
homologous chromosomes randomly separate and migrate to opposite poles
at anaphase I ___________ is seperated while at anaphase II ____________ is separated
homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids
What is an example of an organism that can sometimes produce asexually by parthenogenesis
komodo dragon
this diagram of the human life cell shows that
meiosis produces haploid sperm and egg cells
One difference between mitosis and meiosis is
mitosis produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not
one celled organisms can asexually reproduce by _____ while most multicellylar organismss sexually reproduce by
mitosis, meiosis
cancer is all of the following except
normal cellular growth
The chromosomes of eukaryotic cells are found in the
nucleus
as shown in the following figure, plant cell cytokinesis differs from animal cell cytokinesis because _________.
plant cells form a cell plate and animal cells do not
ordinary cell division produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical. this type of cell division is important for all the following functions EXCEPT
production of sperm and eggs
the CORRECT sequence of stages of mitosis is
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
which of the following will help prevent cancer and increase survival
seek early detection of tumors
Which of these describes the type of reproduction that is most adaptive in a rapidly changing environment with many different parasitic diseases present
sexual reproduction because the diversity of genotypes increases the likelihood that there is one which can survive in a new environment
A duplicated chromosome consists of two
sister chromatids
which of these events occurs during anaphase
sister chromatids become separate chromosomes
centrosomes produce _______, while spindle microtubules ________
spindle microtubules, guide the separation of the chromosomes
God designed parthenogenesis for some of his creatures to preserve the creature in time of
stress
cytokinesis typically begins during what stage of mitosis
telophase
which of the following is a stage of mitosis
telophase
the above figure shows
that meiosis results in the formation of four haploid daughter cells
genetic variation is accomplished by all but one of the following. choose the exception
the events of meoisis II
during telophase,
the events of prophase are reversed
which of the following occurs during prophase
the mitotic spindle begins to form
at the end of meiosis
there are 4 haploid cells
the karyotype above shows
trisomy 21, a cause of down syndrome
the mitotoic cell cycle results in the production of
two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information
upon completion of telephase I and cytokinesis, there are _______ cells
two haploid