bio exam 1 chapters 1-3

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Which of the following is a functional group present in amino acids?

-NH2

The electron arrangement for argon, which has 18 electrons, is

2 in the inner electron shell, 8 in the second electron shell, and 8 in the outer electron shell.

The pH of pure water is ________ because ________.

7.0; water contains an equal number of H+ ions and OH- ions

Which of the following is a molecule?

O2

Which of the following is a true statement about proteins?

Proteins are used to produce many types of hormones.

Heartburn occurs when stomach acid escapes the stomach and burns the tissues of the esophagus. Baking soda is sometimes used as an antacid. How does baking soda help relieve symptoms of heartburn?

The baking soda is serving as a buffer to take up excess H+ ions from stomach acid.

Item 26 Which of the following statements about atoms is correct?

The number and arrangement of electrons in an atom governs its chemical activity. Correct

Which of the following is a property of acids?

Acids have a sharp or sour taste.

Which of the following is true about ecosystems?

All of the above answers are true.

Which of the following is a property of water?

All of the above are properties of water.

When a sodium atom transfers an electron to a chlorine atom

All of the above statements are correct.

Which of the following is a way in which chemical bonds can be formed?

All of the answers describe ways that chemical bonds can be formed.

When a person orders a cheeseburger with lettuce, tomato, and mayonnaise, which of the following would be a true statement about the nutritional intake?

Amino acids can be obtained from the hamburger patty.

Which of the following statements about basic solutions is true?

Basic solutions release OH-.

Which of the following elements are found in glucose?

C,H,O

Which of the following is an organic molecule?

C6H12O6

Which of the following is an inorganic molecule?

CaCO3

Deoxyribose is a sugar found in

DNA

How does DNA differ from RNA?

DNA is comprised of a double-strand; RNA is a single-strand.

DNA and RNA differ in that

DNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen-containing base thymine; RNA is single-stranded and contains sugar ribose and the nitrogen-containing base uracil.

Cola has a pH of 3.5. This means that it has an excess of _______ ions and would be called a(n) ________.

H+; acid

Which of the following would be an example of the value of water's heat capacity?

Living organisms are able to maintain their internal body temperatures because the water in their cells resists changes in temperature.

Which of the following best describes the structure of how water molecules form?

The oxygen atom and hydrogen atoms form a covalent bond with one another to create stable valence shells of electrons. The electrons are shared unequally resulting in a polar molecule.

Which of the following is a feature that proteins and polysaccharides share?

They are made of repeated monomer units

What makes saturated triglycerides considerably less healthy than unsaturated ones?

They possess no double bonds between carbon atoms, which makes them more tightly packed together.

How are lipids different from other categories of biological molecules?

They will not combine with water.

In what ways are radioactive isotopes potentially harmful?

Unmonitored release into the environment can make changes in a cell's DNA.

Of the following examples, which best demonstrates the property of water cohesion?

Water can move up a 100-foot pine tree, from the roots to the leaves.

Which of the following property of water helps an individual who is exercising vigorously maintain a constant body temperature?

Water has high heat capacity.

Which of the following levels of biological organization is correctly matched with an example

a desert with little water, high heat, sand, cacti, and some mammals - ecosystem

An ionic bond forms when

a negatively charged ion is attracted to one with a positive charge.

Based on the evolutionary tree of the three domains, which of the following statements is true?

all three domains have a common ancestor

Which of the following is in correct order from smallest to largest?

amino acid - peptide - polypeptide

In which of the following is the correct monomer matched with its polymer?

amino acid - protein

Which of the following would describe a polypeptide?

amino acids joined by dehydration synthesis reactions

A pond ecosystem includes small water fleas which feed on submerged aquatic plants. When the water fleas die, they sink to the bottom of the pond where their dead bodies are broken down with the help of bacteria. List in order the producer, decomposer, and consumer in this system.

aquatic plants, bacteria, water fleas

Which one of the following is the smallest unit of matter that has all the properties of an element?

atom

Isotopes of an atom differ in their

atomic mass

Which of the following pairs of words is matched correctly?

brain - organ

A(n) ________ can be defined as a substance that keeps pH within established limits by taking up excess H+ or OH- in a solution.

buffer

The four main categories of organic macromolecules are

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Select the correct association.

carbohydrates—include glucose, sucrose, and starch

A molecule is said to be organic if it contains

carbon and hydrogen atoms

The smallest, most basic unit of life is a

cell

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of biological organization from simplest to most complex?

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

Wood and paper are composed of

cellulose

The pH scale is a mathematical indicator of the

concentration of H+ present in a solution.

The following figure represents which process?

dehydration synthesis

A triglyceride is formed when three fatty acids join a glycerol by a

dehydration synthesis reaction.

The various species of honeycreepers have an assortment of different beak shapes, but all honeycreeper species have a similar size and body shape. This is an example of

descent with modification.

An atom's valence electron shell

determines its chemical reactivity

Which of the following can be categorized as prokaryotic?

domain archaea

Which of the following is the most inclusive level of organization?

ecosystem

A covalent bond occurs when

electrons are shared between two atoms to complete their octets.

Which one of the following is a main function of proteins?

enzymatic activity

Is the following statement true or false? The only single-celled organisms are prokaryotes, such as archaeans and bacteria.

false, because some eukaryotes, including protista, are single-celled

The figure below represents the formation of a ________ molecule by the process of ________.

fat; dehydration synthesis

In general, evolutionary processes lead to organisms that

function well in a given environment

Some insects can stride on the surface of water because water

has surface tension.

The term "functional" is used in the phrase "functional group" because it describes a group of atoms that

help determine the chemical properties of an organic molecule.

When water boils

hydrogen bonds are broken between neighboring water molecules.

If a material mixes readily with water, it is identified as

hydrophilic

An atom that has an electrical charge is called a(n)

ion

The type of bond that would form from the transfer of an electron from one atom to another is a(n) ________ bond.

ionic

What is the function of a peptide bond?

joins an amino acid to an adjacent amino acid

Steroid are classified as

lipids

All the chemical reactions that occur in a cell are collectively called

metabolism

In a dehydration reaction, ________. In order for this to occur water is ________.

monomers are joined to become a polymer; removed

The process of ________ leads to organisms that are ________ that environment.

natural selection; adapted to

The subatomic particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom are the

neutrons and protons.

Which of the following correctly lists the parts of a nucleotide of RNA?

nitrogen-containing base, ribose, phosphate

Which nitrogen-containing base is found in DNA but not in RNA?

thymine

The polymer shown below is comprised of what kind of subunits?

nucleotides

The primary structure of a protein refers to the

number and sequence of amino acids.

Which answer choice lists the steps of the scientific method in the correct order?

observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion

The circulatory system of a whale is considered an organ system because it is composed of different

organs

A covalent bond involves the sharing of

pairs of electrons

Which of the following processes transforms solar energy into chemical energy?

photosynthesis

Glycogen is a ________ made of many ________.

polymer; glucose molecules

Which of the following is least likely to be affected when a protein is denatured?

primary structure

Amino acids are needed to build ________, just as ________ are needed to create DNA.

proteins; nucleotides

In the reaction 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon dioxide is one of the

reactants

As autumn approaches, white-tailed deer begin to accumulate a layer of body fat. This is an example of which characteristic of life?

response to the environment

The principle role for sugars in living things is to

serve as a form of immediate cellular energy.

Which of the following correctly lists the classification categories from least to most inclusive?

species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

Plants store their sugar in the form of

starch

After drinking a great deal of coffee (pH 5), a human's blood buffering system would need to ________ as the coffee was digested to lower the level of acid present in the blood stream.

take up H+

Chemical bonds involve

the giving, taking, or sharing of electrons.

For metabolic processes to occur within their cells, all living organisms need to maintain homeostasis which means they need

to maintain the correct internal temperature, moisture level, and acidity as well as other factors.

Hydrolysis of sucrose, a disaccharide, results in

two monosaccharides

A water molecule, as shown here, is polar because of

unequal sharing of electrons.

A fatty acid that has double bonds is called

unsaturated.

Which nitrogen-containing base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

uracil

The reactivity of an atom depends on the number of

valence electrons

Which of the following would be considered a trace element in living things?

z


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