bio exam 1 chapters 1-3
Which of the following is a functional group present in amino acids?
-NH2
The electron arrangement for argon, which has 18 electrons, is
2 in the inner electron shell, 8 in the second electron shell, and 8 in the outer electron shell.
The pH of pure water is ________ because ________.
7.0; water contains an equal number of H+ ions and OH- ions
Which of the following is a molecule?
O2
Which of the following is a true statement about proteins?
Proteins are used to produce many types of hormones.
Heartburn occurs when stomach acid escapes the stomach and burns the tissues of the esophagus. Baking soda is sometimes used as an antacid. How does baking soda help relieve symptoms of heartburn?
The baking soda is serving as a buffer to take up excess H+ ions from stomach acid.
Item 26 Which of the following statements about atoms is correct?
The number and arrangement of electrons in an atom governs its chemical activity. Correct
Which of the following is a property of acids?
Acids have a sharp or sour taste.
Which of the following is true about ecosystems?
All of the above answers are true.
Which of the following is a property of water?
All of the above are properties of water.
When a sodium atom transfers an electron to a chlorine atom
All of the above statements are correct.
Which of the following is a way in which chemical bonds can be formed?
All of the answers describe ways that chemical bonds can be formed.
When a person orders a cheeseburger with lettuce, tomato, and mayonnaise, which of the following would be a true statement about the nutritional intake?
Amino acids can be obtained from the hamburger patty.
Which of the following statements about basic solutions is true?
Basic solutions release OH-.
Which of the following elements are found in glucose?
C,H,O
Which of the following is an organic molecule?
C6H12O6
Which of the following is an inorganic molecule?
CaCO3
Deoxyribose is a sugar found in
DNA
How does DNA differ from RNA?
DNA is comprised of a double-strand; RNA is a single-strand.
DNA and RNA differ in that
DNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen-containing base thymine; RNA is single-stranded and contains sugar ribose and the nitrogen-containing base uracil.
Cola has a pH of 3.5. This means that it has an excess of _______ ions and would be called a(n) ________.
H+; acid
Which of the following would be an example of the value of water's heat capacity?
Living organisms are able to maintain their internal body temperatures because the water in their cells resists changes in temperature.
Which of the following best describes the structure of how water molecules form?
The oxygen atom and hydrogen atoms form a covalent bond with one another to create stable valence shells of electrons. The electrons are shared unequally resulting in a polar molecule.
Which of the following is a feature that proteins and polysaccharides share?
They are made of repeated monomer units
What makes saturated triglycerides considerably less healthy than unsaturated ones?
They possess no double bonds between carbon atoms, which makes them more tightly packed together.
How are lipids different from other categories of biological molecules?
They will not combine with water.
In what ways are radioactive isotopes potentially harmful?
Unmonitored release into the environment can make changes in a cell's DNA.
Of the following examples, which best demonstrates the property of water cohesion?
Water can move up a 100-foot pine tree, from the roots to the leaves.
Which of the following property of water helps an individual who is exercising vigorously maintain a constant body temperature?
Water has high heat capacity.
Which of the following levels of biological organization is correctly matched with an example
a desert with little water, high heat, sand, cacti, and some mammals - ecosystem
An ionic bond forms when
a negatively charged ion is attracted to one with a positive charge.
Based on the evolutionary tree of the three domains, which of the following statements is true?
all three domains have a common ancestor
Which of the following is in correct order from smallest to largest?
amino acid - peptide - polypeptide
In which of the following is the correct monomer matched with its polymer?
amino acid - protein
Which of the following would describe a polypeptide?
amino acids joined by dehydration synthesis reactions
A pond ecosystem includes small water fleas which feed on submerged aquatic plants. When the water fleas die, they sink to the bottom of the pond where their dead bodies are broken down with the help of bacteria. List in order the producer, decomposer, and consumer in this system.
aquatic plants, bacteria, water fleas
Which one of the following is the smallest unit of matter that has all the properties of an element?
atom
Isotopes of an atom differ in their
atomic mass
Which of the following pairs of words is matched correctly?
brain - organ
A(n) ________ can be defined as a substance that keeps pH within established limits by taking up excess H+ or OH- in a solution.
buffer
The four main categories of organic macromolecules are
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Select the correct association.
carbohydrates—include glucose, sucrose, and starch
A molecule is said to be organic if it contains
carbon and hydrogen atoms
The smallest, most basic unit of life is a
cell
Which of the following correctly lists the levels of biological organization from simplest to most complex?
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
Wood and paper are composed of
cellulose
The pH scale is a mathematical indicator of the
concentration of H+ present in a solution.
The following figure represents which process?
dehydration synthesis
A triglyceride is formed when three fatty acids join a glycerol by a
dehydration synthesis reaction.
The various species of honeycreepers have an assortment of different beak shapes, but all honeycreeper species have a similar size and body shape. This is an example of
descent with modification.
An atom's valence electron shell
determines its chemical reactivity
Which of the following can be categorized as prokaryotic?
domain archaea
Which of the following is the most inclusive level of organization?
ecosystem
A covalent bond occurs when
electrons are shared between two atoms to complete their octets.
Which one of the following is a main function of proteins?
enzymatic activity
Is the following statement true or false? The only single-celled organisms are prokaryotes, such as archaeans and bacteria.
false, because some eukaryotes, including protista, are single-celled
The figure below represents the formation of a ________ molecule by the process of ________.
fat; dehydration synthesis
In general, evolutionary processes lead to organisms that
function well in a given environment
Some insects can stride on the surface of water because water
has surface tension.
The term "functional" is used in the phrase "functional group" because it describes a group of atoms that
help determine the chemical properties of an organic molecule.
When water boils
hydrogen bonds are broken between neighboring water molecules.
If a material mixes readily with water, it is identified as
hydrophilic
An atom that has an electrical charge is called a(n)
ion
The type of bond that would form from the transfer of an electron from one atom to another is a(n) ________ bond.
ionic
What is the function of a peptide bond?
joins an amino acid to an adjacent amino acid
Steroid are classified as
lipids
All the chemical reactions that occur in a cell are collectively called
metabolism
In a dehydration reaction, ________. In order for this to occur water is ________.
monomers are joined to become a polymer; removed
The process of ________ leads to organisms that are ________ that environment.
natural selection; adapted to
The subatomic particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom are the
neutrons and protons.
Which of the following correctly lists the parts of a nucleotide of RNA?
nitrogen-containing base, ribose, phosphate
Which nitrogen-containing base is found in DNA but not in RNA?
thymine
The polymer shown below is comprised of what kind of subunits?
nucleotides
The primary structure of a protein refers to the
number and sequence of amino acids.
Which answer choice lists the steps of the scientific method in the correct order?
observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion
The circulatory system of a whale is considered an organ system because it is composed of different
organs
A covalent bond involves the sharing of
pairs of electrons
Which of the following processes transforms solar energy into chemical energy?
photosynthesis
Glycogen is a ________ made of many ________.
polymer; glucose molecules
Which of the following is least likely to be affected when a protein is denatured?
primary structure
Amino acids are needed to build ________, just as ________ are needed to create DNA.
proteins; nucleotides
In the reaction 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon dioxide is one of the
reactants
As autumn approaches, white-tailed deer begin to accumulate a layer of body fat. This is an example of which characteristic of life?
response to the environment
The principle role for sugars in living things is to
serve as a form of immediate cellular energy.
Which of the following correctly lists the classification categories from least to most inclusive?
species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain
Plants store their sugar in the form of
starch
After drinking a great deal of coffee (pH 5), a human's blood buffering system would need to ________ as the coffee was digested to lower the level of acid present in the blood stream.
take up H+
Chemical bonds involve
the giving, taking, or sharing of electrons.
For metabolic processes to occur within their cells, all living organisms need to maintain homeostasis which means they need
to maintain the correct internal temperature, moisture level, and acidity as well as other factors.
Hydrolysis of sucrose, a disaccharide, results in
two monosaccharides
A water molecule, as shown here, is polar because of
unequal sharing of electrons.
A fatty acid that has double bonds is called
unsaturated.
Which nitrogen-containing base is found in RNA but not in DNA?
uracil
The reactivity of an atom depends on the number of
valence electrons
Which of the following would be considered a trace element in living things?
z
