Bio Exam 2

Approximately how long ago did green algae and the land plants share a common ancestor?

1 bya

Which phyla are included within the bryophyte clade?

Anthocerotophyta (hornworts) Bryophyta (mosses) Hepaticophyta (liverworts)

Plants with a palm tree-like appearance, tropical habitat, and overly large cones and sperm belong to which phylum?

Coniferophyta Gentophyta Cycadophyta Ginkophyta

The first known vascular land plant was ______.

Cooksonia

Are any of these vegetables actually fruit?

Corn

Which part of the seed is responsible for providing nutrition (food) to the embryo?

Cotelydons

Choose all features that confined the green algal ancestors of plants to water

Dangerous levels of UV light on land and Likelihood of desiccation

Gymnosperms and angiosperms are the two types of seed plants. In what ways do they differ?

Gymnosperms produce "naked seeds," while angiosperms produce seeds within a fruit

In this plant life cycle __________ is occurring at the position labeled A, and __________ is occurring at B.

Meiosis, fertilization

Sori are clusters of sporangia in ferns found -

On the back of the fronds

From what are fruits derived?

Ovaries

Why is external water not essential for fertilization in seed plants?

Pollen grains are transported by wind or an animal.

During the evolution of plant vascular tissues, which developed first?

Stems

The vascular tissue that conducts water and minerals is called __________, while the vascular tissue that conducts sucrose and hormones is called ___________.

Xylem, phloem

What extant organisms are the closest known relatives to the land plants?

a. Charophytes

Pollen tubes grow from pollen grains and -

allow sperm to fertilize the egg

Pollen comes from the

anther

A fern male and female gametangia are referred to as the

antheridia and archegonia, respectively

Petals

attract pollinators

All of the following are examples of tracheophyte plants except _______.

bryophytes

One reason bryophytes require water for fertilization is because their sperm are

flagellated

The colonization of land by plants was facilitated by __________, which helped enhance the uptake of nutrients

fungi

In plants, the haploid generation is called the _______, and the diploid generation is the ____________.

gametophyte, sporophyte

The seed coat is formed by the hardening of the

integument

Organisms that exhibit a haplodiplontic life cycle have

multicellular haploid and diploid stages

Double fertilization occurs when

one sperm fuses with the egg and the other sperm fuses with both polar nuclei.

Antipodals and synergids are

produced from 8 haploid nuclei created when the female megaspore undergoes mitosis.

What is the function of pine resins?

reduction of fungal and insect parasitism

Plants characterized as possessing a vascular system are known as -

tracheophytes