bio exam 3
Female sticklebacks prefer males with brighter red coloration on their belly. Given the results depicted in the graph below, what do females that choose redder males benefit from?
good genes
Which of the following is not an example of convergent evolution on similar body plans?
bat forelimb structure and bird forelimb structure
Which of the following is true regarding the operational sex ratio (OSR)?
A biased OSR creates an opportunity for selection regarding reproductive traits.
what evidence suggests that c-opsins were present in the common ancestor of all living vertebrates?
All vertebrates carry c-opsin c-opsins have the same basic functional pathway in all vertebrates
Given the similar genetic network of developmental genes among bilaterians, what can we say about their common ancestor?
It may have grown some kind of outgrowth from its body wall.
why are there no gigantic insects alive today?
The concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere is too low to make gigantic body size in insects efficient
Is the following statement true or false, and why? New adaptations do not evolve from scratch.
True; new adaptations are modifications of previously existing traits.
which of the following statements is not true regarding the operational sex ratio
a biased ratio creates an opportunity for selection regarding reproductive traits
gene duplication......
all answers
two genes that are paralogs...
all answers
which evidence suggests that c-opsins were present in the common ancestors of all living things?
all answers
which of the following is true of the complex eye?
all answers
how are tetrapod limbs and fish fins developmentally similar?
both start out as buds bulging from body wall hox genes are used to produce both phenotypes
The trees below present a hypothetical situation where "T" represents the evolution of a male trait that is attractive to females, and "P" represents where the preference in females evolved. Which tree makes sense in the light of sexual selection?
c
In general, when sexual selection is strong for one sex and weak for the other, we can predict that members of the sex subject to strong sexual selection will be ________, and members of the sex subject to weak sexual selection will be ________.
competitive; choosy
In general, when sexual selection is strong for one sex and weak for the other, we can predict that members of the sex subject to strong sexual selection will be ________, and members of the sex subject to weak sexual selection will be _________
competitive; choosy
there is a fitness disadvantage to mammals that have a different number of cervical vertebrae. this is an example of
constraining evolution
two genes that are orthologs are
derived from a common ancestral gene
which of the following is not an example of a direct food benefit that results from female choice?
female weaverbirds choosing male that have already manufactured a nest
A paralog is a(n) ________, while an ortholog is a(n) ________.
homologous gene within a species; homologous gene separated by a speciation event
how are tetrapod limbs and fish fins developmentally similar?
how genes are used to produce both phenotypes both start out as buds bulging from the body wall
which of the following represent homologies?
how genes in mice and flies the forelimb structure of vertebrate wings, hands, and flippers
the detoured nerve in giraffes results from........
imperfection in complex adaptations the nerves in aquatic vertebrate ancestors natural selection retooling the form and function of characters present in a population
a bacterial spore
is a complex adaptation coded by a regulatory network of genes
which of the following is an example of polygyny?
male elephant seals mate with many females
phalaropes are shore birds with brightly colored females....
males are choosy males incubate eggs and care for the young
which of the following is not a cost of sexual reproduction?
meiosis produces recombinant chromosomes, creating gametes with unique combinations of alleles
The populations of the ray-finned teleost fish, Astyanax, that repeatedly colonized underground Mexican caves and evolved the same suite of derived traits in cave after cave is an example of
parallel evolution
a mating system in which at least some females mate with more than one male is termed
polyandry
asexual reproduction
results in genetically identical offspring
which of the following is not considered a potential benefit of sexual reproduction?
sexual organisms produce twice as many offspring as asexual organisms.
for which species would you expect sexual selection on males to be stronger?
species 1; males of species 1 are expected to compete more strongly over access to females
the two-fold cost of sex refers to
the disadvantages of being a sexual rather than an asexual organism
which of the following statements is accurate regarding antagonistic pleiotropy?
the net fitness effect of an allele experiencing antagonistic pleiotropy may depend on the environment.
The opportunity for selection on a trait is greater when...Choose all the correct answers.
the operational sex ratio is biased. individual variation in fitness is large.
an example of sexual reproduction is
the self fertilization of a hermaphrodite flower
which of the following statements accurately describe Hox genes?
they can suppress the expression of other genes their expression gives positional information to other genes