Bio Exam 3 Review

Chapter 32

Chapter 32

If you live on a river delta or coastline, you may not be able to eat the local clams because of high levels of toxins present in the water. Why? A) Clams seasonally produce toxic substances. B) Clams regularly consume poisonous red tide organisms. C) Most native clams have been replaced by harmful exotic species. D) Clams are filter-feeders and pollutants in the water become concentrated in their tissues. E) The toxins contained in clams cannot be detoxified in the human digestive tract.

D) Clams are filter-feeders and pollutants in the water become concentrated in their tissues.

Which of the following is a way that crayfish and grasshoppers are different? A) Crayfish have an exoskeleton, while grasshoppers do not. B) Grasshoppers have compound eyes, while crayfish have a simple eye. C) Grasshoppers have well-developed nervous systems, while crayfish have a ladder network of nerves. D) Grasshoppers have spicules and tracheal tubes that serve as the means of gas exchange, while crayfish have gills. E) Crayfish have an open circulatory system, while grasshoppers have a closed circulatory system.

D) Grasshoppers have spicules and tracheal tubes that serve as the means of gas exchange, while crayfish have gills.

The first member of genus Homo to use fire is A) Australopithecus robustus. B) Australopithecus africanus. C) Homo habilis. D) Homo erectus. E) Homo sapiens.

D) Homo erectus.

Which of the following are believed to be the first group of hominids that buried their dead? A) Homo habilis B) Homo erectus C) Peking man D) Homo neanderthalensis E) Cro-Magnon

D) Homo neanderthalensis

Why are real bath sponges so soft? A) The silica is dissolved away and only the calcium carbonate remains. B) The calcium carbonate is dissolved away and only the silica remains. C) The choanocytes are dissolved away and only the amoebocytes remain. D) Silica or calcium spicules are removed, leaving only the spongin fibers. E) The spongin is removed, leaving only the spicules.

D) Silica or calcium spicules are removed, leaving only the spongin fibers.

The following statements refer specifically to sponges, specifically to cnidarians, or to both sponges and cnidarians. Which statement applies specifically to cnidarians? A) The larval form is flagellated and able to swim to a suitable location. B) Classification is based on the type of skeletal material. C) They resemble a colony of flagellated cells more than a multicellular animal. D) Specialized stinging cells are used to help capture prey. E) Reproduction can be sexual or asexual.

D) Specialized stinging cells are used to help capture prey.

Which of the following statements about hydra morphology is correct? A) The hydra has a long single tentacle containing numerous nematocysts. B) The hydra has a single polyp that is filled with gas and keeps the organism afloat. C) The hydra is bell shaped and has multiple tentacles. D) The hydra is a tube-shaped polyp that has two layers of tissue. E) The hydra is bilaterally symmetrical

D) The hydra is a tube-shaped polyp that has two layers of tissue.

The nervous system of a sea star includes A) no actual nerve cells. B) a complex of nerve ganglia in each ray. C) a central nervous system, including a brain. D) a central nerve ring that gives off radial nerves in each arm. E) a dorsal hollow nerve cord.

D) a central nerve ring that gives off radial nerves in each arm.

Which of the following organisms exhibit complete metamorphosis? A) crayfish B) starfish C) grasshoppers D) butterfly E) lobsters

D) butterfly

The lancelets are found A) in tropical Amazon streams. B) as parasites inside the tracts of fish. C) very rarely in mountain streams, where they are almost extinct. D) commonly in the sandy bottoms of shallow coastal waters around the world. E) on the bottom of the ocean.

D) commonly in the sandy bottoms of shallow coastal waters around the world.

A closed circulatory system is found in A) insects. B) snails. C) clams. D) earthworms. E) scorpions

D) earthworms.

Which group of animals have three pairs of legs, a tympanum for reception of sound waves, and Malpighian tubules for excretion? A) starfish B) lancelets C) crayfish D) grasshoppers E) earthworms

D) grasshoppers

The primary distinguishing characteristic of all mammals is the presence of A) constant internal temperature. B) four limbs. C) a four-chambered heart. D) hair and mammary glands. E) a placenta.

D) hair and mammary glands.

Although the many organisms classified as molluscs vary tremendously in appearance, they are all classified in the same phylum because they A) are segmented. B) are predators. C) have an external skeleton. D) have a mantle, visceral mass, and a foot. E) have shells.

D) have a mantle, visceral mass, and a foot.

The duckbill platypus is an exception to many mammals because it A) lacks hair. B) is ectothermic. C) doesn't secrete milk. D) lays eggs. E) is found in Australia.

D) lays eggs.

A cnidarian moves via A) nematocysts. B) secreting a slime layer. C) pseudopods. D) muscle and nerve fibers. E) contractile vacuoles.

D) muscle and nerve fibers.

The organ of nutrition used in fetal development in the most successful mammals is the A) mammary gland. B) egg. C) pouch. D) placenta. E) amniote egg.

D) placenta.

The madreporite helps the sea star A) reproduce. B) locate food. C) digest food and distribute it to the arms. D) regulate its vascular system. E) keep its surface clean of algae and barnacles and debris.

D) regulate its vascular system.

The head region of a tapeworm is called the A) proglottid. B) cercaria. C) sporocyst. D) scolex. E) glycocalyx.

D) scolex.

The respiratory advantage provided by a four-chambered heart over a three-chambered heart in vertebrates is A) the combining of oxygen-rich blood with oxygen-poor blood. B) a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin required. C) decreased dependency on lungs. D) separation of oxygen-rich blood and oxygen-poor blood. E) a greater surface area for the diffusion of oxygen into the blood.

D) separation of oxygen-rich blood and oxygen-poor blood.

Larval Trichinella worms live in the A) liver. B) lungs. C) lymph glands. D) skeletal muscle of pork. E) water.

D) skeletal muscle of pork.

Sponges are generally protected from predators by the presence of calcium and silica crystals. These crystalline structures are called A) amoebocytes. B) osculum. C) choanocytes. D) spicules. E) spongin.

D) spicules.

Which of the following infections is associated with a flatworm? A) hookworm B) trichinosis C) elephantiasis D) tapeworm E) pinworm

D) tapeworm

Nonvertebrate chordates, tunicates, and lancelets differ from other chordates in that A) they do not have a notochord. B) they have gills, while other chordates have lungs. C) they do not have jaws, while all other chordates do have them. D) the notochord of nonvertebrate chordates does not become a vertebral column. E) nonvertebrate chordates do not have an internal bony skeleton, while all other chordates do.

D) the notochord of nonvertebrate chordates does not become a vertebral column.

The term deuterostome refers to A) having a spiny skin. B) having three germ layers. C) possessing a notochord. D) the second embryonic opening becoming the mouth. E) the coelom forming by outpocketing of the primitive gut

D) the second embryonic opening becoming the mouth.

Which represents the correct order of evolution of chordate features? A) amnion → limbs → lungs → jaws → vertebrae B) limbs → lungs → jaws → vertebrae → amnion C) lungs → jaws → vertebrae → amnion → limbs D) vertebrae → jaws → lungs → limbs → amnion E) vertebrae → amnion → limbs → lungs → jaws

D) vertebrae → jaws → lungs → limbs → amnion

Based on molecular data, the split between apes and humans is thought to have occurred about A) 1 million years ago. B) 2 million years ago. C) 3 million years ago. D) 5 million years ago. E) 6 million years ago.

E) 6 million years ago.

Which of the following is a characteristic of earthworms? A) segmentation B) expanded dorsal surface of the intestine called a typhlosole C) hermaphroditic D) paired nephridia in each segment E) All of the answer choices are characteristics of earthworms.

E) All of the answer choices are characteristics of earthworms.

Which of these is a characteristic of sponges? A) They are sessile filter feeders. B) The body wall has two cell layers. C) Flagellated collar cells move water. D) Amoeboid cells transport food and make skeletal fibers and gametes. E) All of the answer choices are characteristics of sponges.

E) All of the answer choices are characteristics of sponges.

Which of the following statements is/are true about deuterostomes? A) The second opening during embryonic development becomes the mouth. B) Echinoderms are deuterostomes. C) Deuterostomes have a coelom. D) Deuterostomes have radial cleavage. E) All of the answer choices are true statements about deuterstomes.

E) All of the answer choices are true statements about deuterstomes.

Which statement is true about invertebrate animals? A) The vast majority of animal species are invertebrates. B) Many invertebrate species live in a marine environment. C) Most animal phyla are invertebrates. D) All major invertebrate groups arose from protistan ancestors. E) All of the answer choices are true statements about invertebrates.

E) All of the answer choices are true statements about invertebrates.

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to chordates? A) a dorsal notochord B) a ventral hollow nerve cord C) pharyngeal pouches D) a postanal tail E) All of the answer choices are unique characteristics of chordates

E) All of the answer choices are unique characteristics of chordates

Which of the following is a characteristic of all animals? A) They ingest food that is digested in a central cavity. B) Usually undergo sexual reproduction. C) They produce an embryo that undergoes development in stages. D) The adult form is diploid. E) All of the answer choices describe characteristics of animals.

E) All of the answer choices describe characteristics of animals.

Which statement(s) about cnidarians is/are true? A) Reproduction is both sexual and asexual. B) Some forms are sessile and others are motile. C) They live in either marine or freshwater environments. D) They have specialized stinging cells that contain a toxin-filled capsule. E) All of the answer choices describe characteristics of cnidarians.

E) All of the answer choices describe characteristics of cnidarians.

Which of the following is a characteristic of echinoderms? A) radial symmetry in adults B) endoskeleton of spiny, calcium-rich plates C) bilateral symmetry in larva D) both sexual and asexual reproduction E) All of the answer choices describe characteristics of echinoderms.

E) All of the answer choices describe characteristics of echinoderms.

Which of the following is a characteristic of primates? A) nails rather than claws B) a larger brain (cerebral) volume C) opposable thumb and sometimes large toe D) good hand-eye coordination E) All of the answer choices describe characteristics of primates.

E) All of the answer choices describe characteristics of primates.

Which of the following is a feature of arthropods? A) a solid ventral nerve cord B) a variety of respiratory organs C) a well-developed nervous system D) jointed appendages and a segmented body E) All of the answer choices describe features of arthropods

E) All of the answer choices describe features of arthropods

Which of these characteristics is associated with flight requirements in birds? A) light, hollow bones B) a light, horny beak with no teeth C) respiratory air sacs and lungs with one-way air flow D) an enlarged breastbone with strong muscles attached E) All of the answers list requirements for flight in birds.

E) All of the answers list requirements for flight in birds.

Which of the following statements is/are correct about the roundworms? A) There are three layers of tissues in the body. B) Roundworms have a tube-within-a-tube body plan. C) There is an internal body cavity called a pseudocoelom. D) Roundworms have a smooth, unsegmented outside body wall. E) All the answer choices are true statements about roundworms.

E) All the answer choices are true statements about roundworms.

Which of the following features was necessary for adaptation by reptiles to life on land? A) hard, horny scales B) internal fertilization by means of a penis C) shelled egg D) well-developed lungs E) All the answer choices describe features necessary for reptile adaptation to life on land.

E) All the answer choices describe features necessary for reptile adaptation to life on land.

In which way are crayfish and grasshoppers similar? A) Both have tympanum for use in mating rituals. B) Both have Malpighian tubules that function in the extraction of nitrogenous waste. C) Both have spicules and a tracheal system for respiration. D) Both have bodies that are composed of a cephalothorax and abdomen. E) Both have antennae that have a sensory function.

E) Both have antennae that have a sensory function.

Which of the following is characteristic of flukes? A) Flukes are ectoparasites of invertebrates. B) Most flukes have separate sexes. C) Flukes are covered by a ciliated integument. D) Flukes possess an oral sucker that is surrounded by a nonsensory papilla. E) Flukes have a well-developed alimentary canal.

E) Flukes have a well-developed alimentary canal.

Which of the following groups is thought to have evolved in Europe? A) Homo erectus B) Homo habilis C) Homo rudolfensis D) Homo ergaster E) Homo heidelbergensis

E) Homo heidelbergensis

A floating Portuguese man-of-war is A) a cubozoan. B) merely an inflated, noncircular jellyfish. C) a free-swimming polyp in the hydra group. D) the first animal with all major organ systems. E) a colony of polyps.

E) a colony of polyps.

Which body structure describes the freshwater hydra? A) a swimming medusa with mouth pointing downward B) a swimming medusa with mouth pointing upward C) a sessile medusa with mouth pointing upward D) a polyp with mouth pointing downward E) a polyp with mouth pointing upward

E) a polyp with mouth pointing upward

An adaptation exhibited by the tapeworm for survival in a host's intestine is A) proglottids coated with calcium carbonate. B) alkaline secretions from the scolex. C) a protective lining of chitin. D) releasing eggs before the proglottids reach the intestinal tract. E) a tough integument resistant to the digestive fluids of the host.

E) a tough integument resistant to the digestive fluids of the host.

An arachnid differs from a crustacean because A) arachnids have book gills. B) arachnids are mostly aquatic and crustaceans are mostly terrestrial. C) only arachnids shed their exoskeletons. D) arachnids have two major body segments, the cephalothorax and abdomen, while crustaceans have three body segments. E) arachnids have four pairs of walking legs.

E) arachnids have four pairs of walking legs.

Endothermic animals with four-chambered hearts include the A) amphibians. B) reptiles. C) fish. D) arthropods. E) birds.

E) birds.

Sea stars reproduce A) by budding. B) by binary fission. C) asexually by fragmentation. D) by sexual processes only. E) by sexual means and also by asexual fragmentation.

E) by sexual means and also by asexual fragmentation.

Which of the following would be classified in a phylum other than Echinodermata? A) sea star B) sea urchin C) sea cucumber D) sand dollar E) crayfish

E) crayfish

The life cycle of animals A) demonstrates alternation of generations, where the zygote is haploid and the adult is diploid. B) does not demonstrate alternation of generations. Both the zygote and the adult are haploid. C) demonstrates alternation of generations, where the zygote is diploid and the adult is haploid. D) does not demonstrate alternation of generations because only the spores are haploid. E) does not demonstrate alternation of generations; gametes are haploid and the organism is diploid.

E) does not demonstrate alternation of generations; gametes are haploid and the organism is diploid.

Which of the following organisms has a true coelom? A) sponges B) hydras C) flatworms D) roundworms E) earthworms

E) earthworms

One of the many interesting features of flatworms are flame cells. What are flame cells used for? A) light detection B) storing sperm C) digestion of food D) generating body heat E) excretion of excess water

E) excretion of excess water

Defining characteristics of chordates are A) segmentation, dorsal hollow nerve cord, gill arches or pharyngeal pouches. B) dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, bilateral symmetry, and postnatal tail. C) bilateral symmetry, segmentation, and well-developed coelom. D) well-developed coelom, gill arches or pharyngeal pouches, and notochord. E) gill arches or pharyngeal pouches, dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord, and postnatal tail.

E) gill arches or pharyngeal pouches, dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord, and postnatal tail.

A major characteristic of the arthropods is the presence of A) flame cells. B) radial symmetry. C) a soft exoskeleton. D) a closed circulatory system. E) jointed appendages.

E) jointed appendages.

An animal that is characterized by vertebrae, dorsal hollow nerve cord, hair, and mammary glands must be a(n) A) fish. B) amphibian. C) reptile. D) bird. E) mammal.

E) mammal.

Which types of embryos have extraembryonic membranes? A) fish B) frog C) salamander D) shark E) mammals

E) mammals

The cephalopods resemble other molluscs because they have A) complex eyes. B) a siphon for jet propulsion. C) a parrot-like beak for tearing prey. D) well-developed brains with high learning capacity. E) most of the internal organs located in a visceral mass.

E) most of the internal organs located in a visceral mass.

Which of these is a bivalve? A) slug B) octopus C) earthworm D) snail E) oyster

E) oyster

Which of the following inaccurately describes primates? A) nails on hands and feet B) stereoscopic vision C) well-developed brain D) opposable thumb E) rapid growth after birth

E) rapid growth after birth

If the cells of a sponge are separated, the cells will A) reproduce sexually. B) die. C) form spicules for protection. D) grow flagella and swim away. E) reassemble into a new organized sponge.

E) reassemble into a new organized sponge.

Which of these parasitic worms is a fluke? A) Ascaris B) Trichinella C) the worm that causes elephantiasis D) hookworm E) the worm that causes schistosomiasis

E) the worm that causes schistosomiasis

Which of the following statements is correct about the flatworms A) Flatworms have three complete tissue layers. B) Flatworms may be either free living or parasitic. C) Flatworms have a sac body plan, with only a mouth and no anus. D) Most planaria are found in marine environments, but some dwell in freshwater and moist terrestrial environments .E) All of the answer choices describe flatworms.

.E) All of the answer choices describe flatworms.

Which description best fits the lophotrochozoa? A) As embryos, they have three germ layers that will develop into the organ level of organizationas adults. B) As embryos, they have two germ layers that will develop into the tissue level of organizationas adults. C) Lophotrochozoa are deuterostomes. D) Lophotrochozoa are primarily a terrestrial group. E) The lophophore, a flagellated appendage, is used to define members of this group.

A) As embryos, they have three germ layers that will develop into the organ level of organizationas adults.

The fossil called Lucy, which lived about 3.18 million years ago, is a member of which of the following species? A) Australopithecus afarensis B) Australopithecus africanus C) Proconsul D) Homo habilis E) Homo erectus

A) Australopithecus afarensis

The following statements may apply only cnidarians, only to lophotrochozoans, or to both. Which of the following statements applies only to lophotrochozoans? A) Organisms go through both bilateral and radial stages of development. B) Most are found in shallow coastal marine environments. C) There are two tissue layers: an outer epidermis and inner gastrodermis. D) Stinging cells contain a threadlike nematocyst released to capture prey. E) A jellylike mesoglea contains cells that form a nerve net throughout the body.

A) Organisms go through both bilateral and radial stages of development.

Which statement about echinoderms is inaccurate? A) The exoskeleton is made up of bony tissue. B) Gas exchange occurs through gills on the skin. C) Larvae are free-swimming and bilaterally symmetrical. D) A water vascular system allows the tube feet to produce suction. E) Symmetry is radial in the adult, usually with parts in fives or multiples of five.

A) The exoskeleton is made up of bony tissue.

Sea stars and sea urchins operate their tube feet by A) a hydraulic system that regulates water pressure. B) cilia transporting hemolymph from chamber to chamber. C) sticky threads leading from the mouth. D) actin and myosin fibers that slide and give muscle actions to the five arms or "rays." E) an extensive net of nerve and muscle cells.

A) a hydraulic system that regulates water pressure.

Which of these characteristics first developed in reptiles? A) amniotic egg B) scales on skin C) four-legged body D) skull and vertebral column E) animals with lungs

A) amniotic egg

Animals with a three-chambered heart would include A) amphibians. B) mammals. C) fish. D) sharks. E) birds.

A) amphibians.

Extraembryonic membranes are absent in A) amphibians. B) reptiles. C) birds. D) mammals. E) chordates.

A) amphibians.

Earthworms are A) annelids. B) molluscs. C) echinoderms. D) platyhelminthes. E) arthropods.

A) annelids.

Echinoderms and cnidarians A) are both radially symmetrical. B) both have three germ layers. C) both have the sac body plan. D) are both deuterostomes. E) are both found in freshwater.

A) are both radially symmetrical.

Animals that have no particular symmetry exhibit A) asymmetry. B) radial symmetry. C) bilateral symmetry. D) trilateral symmetry. E) spherical symmetry.

A) asymmetry.

A tapeworm infection could result from A) eating insufficiently cooked pork. B) being bitten by a mosquito. C) ingesting eggs in contaminated water. D) eating freshly peeled fruit. E) wading in contaminated water.

A) eating insufficiently cooked pork.

Which feature distinguishes birds from the rest of the reptiles? A) endothermic B) scales C) egg laying D) lungs E) four appendages

A) endothermic

When researchers videotaped the body of a dead whale on the bottom of the ocean, it was rippling with the activity of many jawless scavengers inside the carcass. These jawless scavengers would have been A) hagfish. B) lampreys. C) coelacanths. D) skates. E) ray-finned fishes.

A) hagfish.

Which of the following sequences correctly represents vertebrate evolution? A) jawless fish → lobe-finned fish → amphibians → reptiles → mammals B) jawless fish → amphibians → reptiles → lobe-finned fish → mammals C) mammals → lobe-finned fish → reptiles → jawless fish → amphibians D) lobe-finned fish → mammals → reptiles → jawless fish → amphibians E) lobe-finned fish → reptiles → mammals → jawless fish → amphibians

A) jawless fish → lobe-finned fish → amphibians → reptiles → mammals

If the water vascular system of the echinoderm was damaged, which echinoderm function would be impaired? A) locomotion B) respiration C) circulation D) digestion E) sensing the environment

A) locomotion

Which type of mammal lays eggs? A) monotremes B) marsupials C) placentals D) snakes E) birds

A) monotremes

In vertebrates, what is the embryonic structure that is replaced by the vertebral column? A) notochord B) nerve cord C) pharyngeal pouches D) gill clefts E) deuterostomes

A) notochord

What is the correct evolutionary pathway for the key features of chordates? A) notochord—vertebrae—jaws—bony skeleton—lungs—4 limbs—amniotic egg—mammary glands B) vertebrae—notochord—jaws—bony skeleton—lungs—4 limbs—amniotic egg—mammary glands C) notochord—vertebrae—jaws—bony skeleton—lungs—amniotic egg—4 limbs—mammary glands D) notochord—vertebrae—jaws—bony skeleton—mammary glands—lungs—4 limbs— amniotic egg E) mammary glands—notochord—vertebrae—jaws—lungs—4 limbs—amniotic egg—bony skeleton

A) notochord—vertebrae—jaws—bony skeleton—lungs—4 limbs—amniotic egg—mammary glands

What part of a tapeworm contains both male and female sex organs and becomes filled with developing embryos? A) proglottids B) scolex C) cyst D) gastrovascular cavity E) nematocyst

A) proglottids

The segments of a tapeworm consisting primarily of eggs, which are located behind the head, are called A) proglottids. B) cercariae. C) sporocysts. D) scolexes. E) glycocalyxes.

A) proglottids.

The most primitive primates are considered to be the A) prosimians. B) apes. C) New World monkeys. D) Old World monkeys. E) humans.

A) prosimians.

Which type of animal symmetry produces mirror images no matter how the animal is sliced longitudinally? A) radial symmetry B) asymmetrical symmetry C) bilateral symmetry D) asymmetrical symmetry and bilateral symmetry E) None of the answer choices is correct.

A) radial symmetry

Which of the following is a bony fish? A) salmon B) dogfish shark C) skates D) rays E) whale shark

A) salmon

Which form of weapon was first established by Cro-Magnon? A) spears B) guns C) fire D) traps E) scraper

A) spears

Which pair exhibits the closest phylogenetic relationship? A) spider—tick B) housefly—mite C) earthworm—grasshopper D) crayfish—planarian E) scorpion—clam

A) spider—tick

Both echinoderms and chordates are deuterostomes. This means that A) they have a similar development in their embryonic stages. B) they both have eyes with retinas. C) they both start with radial symmetry in their early embryonic stages. D) they both use calcium-based endoskeletons. E) they are both invertebrates.

A) they have a similar development in their embryonic stages.

The insect organ most equivalent to the human lung in function is the A) tracheae. B) midgut. C) crop. D) gizzard. E) Malpighian tubule.

A) tracheae.

Clams, snails, sea slugs, and octopuses belong to the phylum A) Annelida. B) Mollusca. C) Porifera. D) Platyhelminthes. E) Arthropoda.

B) Mollusca.

Fertilization in the earthworm is accomplished by the use of the A) nephridia. B) clitellum. C) flame cells. D) trachea. E) typhlosole.

B) clitellum.

While exploring, you find an organism washed up on the beach. While inspecting the organism, you find it has two tissue layers and is radially symmetric. What type of organism did you find? A) flatworms B) cnidarians C) roundworms D) clams E) fish

B) cnidarians

The out-of-Africa hypothesis (replacement model) of human evolution proposes that Homo sapiens evolved from A) earlier Homo species only in Europe, and then modern humans migrated to Asia, where they replaced the existing species about 100,000 years ago. B) earlier Homo species only in Africa, and then modern humans migrated to Asia and Europe, where they replaced the existing species about 100,000 years ago. C) Old World monkeys. D) New World monkeys. E) earlier Homo species only in North America, and then modern humans migrated to Africa, Asia, and Europe, where they replaced the existing species about 100,000 years ago.

B) earlier Homo species only in Africa, and then modern humans migrated to Asia and Europe, where they replaced the existing species about 100,000 years ago.

Which of the following correctly matches the common name with a phylum name? A) planarian—Nematoda B) fluke—Platyhelminthes C) coral—Porifera D) roundworm—Cnidaria E) sponge—Arthropoda

B) fluke—Platyhelminthes

Because most birds travel through the air at high speeds, they must have A) a crop and a gizzard. B) highly sensitive sensory systems. C) complex songs. D) eggs and no placenta. E) a three-chambered heart.

B) highly sensitive sensory systems.

Sometimes biologists are alleged to have said that "humans evolved from monkeys." The correct way for a modern biologist to explain the apparent sequence of human evolution is A) monkeys have evolved less than humans. B) humans and monkeys share a common ancestor. C) humans and monkeys are biologically identical. D) evolution leads toward more perfect forms and humans therefore came after modern monkeys. E) humans continue to evolve while monkeys do not.

B) humans and monkeys share a common ancestor.

Which of these characteristics is absent in amphibians but found in reptiles? A) thin, moist skin B) internal fertilization C) small, inefficient lungs D) aquatic larvae E) eggs with gelatinous covering

B) internal fertilization

Earthworms differ from most of the marine annelids in that earthworms A) lack setae that marine annelids have. B) lack paddle-like parapodia that marine annelids have. C) have segments, while marine annelids do not. D) develop from a larval form, while marine annelids do not. E) have well-developed brains and sensory organs in the head region, while marine annelids do not.

B) lack paddle-like parapodia that marine annelids have.

The jawless fish that is parasitic, attaching itself to and sucking fluids from the tissues of a living fish, is the A) hagfish. B) lamprey. C) coelacanth. D) skate. E) ray-finned fish.

B) lamprey.

What system do the cnidaria have that sponges lack? A) respiratory B) nervous C) circulatory D) excretory E) reproductive

B) nervous

Which of the following is classified as a flatworm? A) corals B) planaria C) sea anemones D) hydrozoa E) Portuguese man-of-war

B) planaria

Filter feeders are A) active predators. B) sessile or relatively inactive. C) always herbivorous. D) classified as cnidarians. E) classified as gastropods.

B) sessile or relatively inactive.

Respiratory structures in insects are A) commonly termed book lungs. B) spiracles and tracheae. C) hemolymphic. D) lamellae. E) lungs.

B) spiracles and tracheae.

Planaria feed by A) attaching to a food item with a sucker and extracting fluids. B) tearing and sucking food particles via a muscular pharynx. C) externally digesting food items and then ingesting the liquified food. D) diffusing in nutrients from the environment through its thin epidermal surface. E) filtering the water.

B) tearing and sucking food particles via a muscular pharynx.

The two layers of tissue in a hydra are A) the epidermis, which covers and protects, and the inner layer that contains flame cells. B) the epidermis that covers and protects, and the gastrodermis where cells that complete digestion are found. C) the epidermis that contains flame cells, and the gastrodermis that contains the nephridia. D) the epidermis that covers and protects, and the gastrodermis that contains the nephridia. E) the epidermis that covers and protects, and the gastrodermis that contains a ladder-like nervous system.

B) the epidermis that covers and protects, and the gastrodermis where cells that complete digestion are found.

Protostomes are distinguised from deuterostomes based on A) the presence or absence of a nervous system. B) the pattern of embryonic development. C) the presence or absence of a circulatory system. D) the presence of absence of cephalization. E) feeding behaviors.

B) the pattern of embryonic development.

The amphibian heart has A) two separate atria and two separate ventricles that partition oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood. B) two separate atria and one shared ventricle that allow oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood to mix. C) two separate ventricles and one shared atrium that allow oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood to mix. D) one atrium and one ventricle similar to the fish. E) one atrium and one ventricle but reroutes the blood through the heart after passing through the gills.

B) two separate atria and one shared ventricle that allow oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood to mix.

All chordates are vertebrates (T/F).

False

Lophotrochozoa are animals that are organized circularly, so no matter how they are sliced in half longitudinally, mirror images are obtained (T/F).

False

Sponges exhibit radial symmetry (T/F).

False

Tapeworms are ectoparasites of various vertebrates, including humans (T/F).

False

The ray-finned fishes are believed to have evolved into the amphibians (T/F).

False

Which of the following statements about sponges is correct? A) Sponges have many nerve fibers. B) Sponges have well-developed muscle fibers. C) Amoeboid cells are the sites of digestion in a sponge. D) Sponges only reproduce asexually. E) If a sponge cell becomes separated from the sponge body, it dies immediately.

C) Amoeboid cells are the sites of digestion in a sponge.

Which species is believed to be the first creature to walk erect and possibly be the first hominin? A) Ardipithecus kadabba B) Australopithecus anamensis C) Ardipithecus ramidus D) Australopithecus afarensis E) Homo habilis

C) Ardipithecus ramidus

Which of these is an accurate comparison between birds and mammals? A) Birds are cold-blooded; mammals are warm-blooded. B) Birds are egg laying; no mammals lay eggs. C) Birds have air sacs in addition to lungs; mammals have no air sacs. D) Birds lack a septum between the ventricles; mammals have a septum between the ventricles. E) Birds, unlike mammals, require no parental care

C) Birds have air sacs in addition to lungs; mammals have no air sacs.

Which of these made advanced tools and produced artwork? A) Homo erectus B) Homo habilis C) Cro-Magnon man D) Neanderthal man E) Homo ergaster

C) Cro-Magnon man

Which hominid is considered to be the first to use tools? A) gorilla B) Lucy C) Homo habilis D) Homo erectus E) chimpanzee

C) Homo habilis

Of the following fossils, which is arranged in the correct order from oldest to the most recent? A) Homo erectus, Homo sapiens, Homo habilis B) Homo sapiens, Homo erectus, Homo habilis C) Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens D) Homo erectus, Homo habilis, Homo sapiens E) Homo sapiens, Homo habilis, Homo erectus

C) Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens

Which statement about arachnids is inaccurate? A) Ticks and mites are often parasitic. B) Spiders and scorpions are predators. C) Spiders have trachea for respiration. D) Spiders have a pair of fangs which release poison. E) The body parts include a cephalothorax and an abdomen.

C) Spiders have trachea for respiration.

Which of the following is true about deuterostomes? A) Deuterostomes have two tissue layers. B) Cleavage is spiral. C) The first opening during embryonic development becomes the anus. D) The mesoderm arises from cells located near the embryonic blastopore. E) Deuterostomes include the ecdysozoa and the spiralia.

C) The first opening during embryonic development becomes the anus.

Earthworms possess both male and female organs on separate segments; thus, mating consists of "parallel parking" in opposite directions and cross-fertilizing. Given this, which of the following is true? A) This is evidence of a primitive state that is generally less efficient than separate sexes. B) This is primarily to allow them to self-fertilize if no other worm is in their sector of the soil. C) This is an advantage since they can mate with any other earthworm of the same species that they encounter. D) Maintaining any system not clearly male or female is disadvantageous; the earthworm is trapped in an evolutionary dead end. E) This demonstrates how ineffective self-fertilization is as a means of reproduction.

C) This is an advantage since they can mate with any other earthworm of the same species that they encounter.

Which of these statements about sharks is inaccurate? A) ability to sense electric currents in the water B) skeleton of cartilage C) a sucker used to attach to prey D) ability to sense pressure of other swimming objects E) ability to detect blood in minute amounts

C) a sucker used to attach to prey

An insect circulatory system is best described as A) totally closed like ours, with arteries and veins. B) similar to ours, with general closed vessels but no distinct arteries and veins. C) an open system that mostly washes hemolymph "blood" through the hemocoel. D) totally absent; each body cell manages on its own to gain food and gets rid of wastes. E) containing five pairs of "hearts."

C) an open system that mostly washes hemolymph "blood" through the hemocoel.

Which type of organism is characterized by having jointed appendages, ability to molt, and three sets of fused segments? A) molluscs B) echinoderms C) arthropods D) annelids E) chordates

C) arthropods

The main features that place Homo habilis in the genus Homo rather than Australopithecus are A) human facial appearance and lack of hair. B) advanced use of language and total carnivorous diet. C) brain size, posture, and dentition. D) care of young and altruistic behavior. E) hand grip, extensive use of tools, and house-building.

C) brain size, posture, and dentition.

Which group of organisms has eyes with a lens and a retina similar to those of vertebrates? A) nematodes B) gastropods C) cephalopods D) arthropods E) echinoderms

C) cephalopods

When an earthworm secretes a slime layer to receive eggs and sperm and form a ''cocoon,'' this secretion is produced by the A) annulations. B) peritoneum. C) clitellum. D) nephridium. E) prostomium.

C) clitellum.

Nematocysts are characteristic of A) sponges. B) clams. C) cnidarians. D) flatworms. E) roundworms.

C) cnidarians.

Amphibians most likely evolved from ancestors most similar to the A) hagfish. B) lamprey. C) coelacanth. D) skate. E) ray-finned fish

C) coelacanth.

The most likely ancestors of the chordates are considered to be echinoderms because A) both groups reproduce sexually and asexually. B) both groups exhibit similar predatory behaviors. C) embryos of echinoderms and chordates are deuterostomes. D) adult echinoderms and adult chordates display similar characteristics. E) the nervous system of echinoderms is similar to that of chordates.

C) embryos of echinoderms and chordates are deuterostomes.

Vertebrates possessing a four-chambered heart are mostly A) bipedal. B) all birds. C) endothermic. D) ectothermic. E) reptiles.

C) endothermic.

Jaws are believed to have evolved from the A) cranium. B) first ribs. C) first pair of gill arches. D) tooth buds. E) suckers of lampreys.

C) first pair of gill arches.

Sharks A) have bony skeletons. B) lack jaws. C) have a keen sense of smell. D) lack the lateral line system of bony fishes. E) do not have paired fins.

C) have a keen sense of smell.

The major insect body parts are A) head, cephalothorax, and abdomen. B) cephalothorax, midsection, and abdomen. C) head, thorax, and abdomen. D) head, pyothorax, and metathorax. E) head, cephalothorax, and genitalia.

C) head, thorax, and abdomen.

The largest animal group, both in number of species and number of individuals, is the A) annelids. B) crustacea. C) insects. D) reptiles. E) fishes.

C) insects.

Which of the following is an arthropod? A) clams B) squids C) lobsters D) nautiluses E) snails

C) lobsters

Which of the following characteristics applies to both birds and mammals? A) having hair B) having mammary glands C) maintaining a constant body temperature D) having young born alive E) having a bladder

C) maintaining a constant body temperature

A sponge actually feeds by A) actively capturing their prey with stinging cells. B) drawing water in and out through the osculum. C) producing water currents that flow through the pores into the central cavity and out through the osculum. D) producing water currents that flow through the osculum into the pores and out through the central cavity. E) photosynthesis.

C) producing water currents that flow through the pores into the central cavity and out through the osculum.

Ascaris is considered to be a(n) A) flatworm. B) earthworm. C) roundworm. D) cnidarian. E) arthropod.

C) roundworm.

The bristles that earthworms use to anchor themselves in the earth and pull themselves along are A) aortic arches. B) lateral ventricles. C) setae. D) parapodia. E) nephridia.

C) setae.

"Derm" means "skin," so the name Echinodermata literally means A) soft skin. B) hairy skin. C) spiny skin. D) skinless. E) three layers of skin.

C) spiny skin.

Which of the following organisms is lacking one of the five characteristics typically found in animals? A) sponges, which have no true tissues but have two layers of cells that perform different functions B) planaria, who have an incomplete digestive tract but do have muscles and excretory and reproductive systems C) trypanosome, a single-celled organism that causes sleeping sickness in humans D) leeches, segmented worms that are predatory on other animals E) tapeworms, flatworms that infest the intestines of humans

C) trypanosome, a single-celled organism that causes sleeping sickness in humans

Although adult tunicates are stuck to the ocean bottom, they are considered early relatives of vertebrates because A) tunicate gill slits are like ribs. B) tunicate adults have a notochord. C) tunicate larvae have a notochord. D) all vertebrate embryos go through a stage that resembles adult tunicates. E) tunicate adults have all four chordate characteristics.

C) tunicate larvae have a notochord.

Which of the following features inaccurately describes birds? A) feathers B) air sacs C) variable body temperature D) hard-shelled egg E) four-chambered heart

C) variable body temperature

The stone tools and the dentition of Homo habilis indicate that early humans probably A) were herbivores. B) were carnivores. C) were omnivores. D) were predators. E) cooked with fire

C) were omnivores.

The ability to throw spears and kill animals from a distance gave Cro-Magnons an advantage in their environment (T/F).

True