Bio Final

What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the following cross: AaBb x AaBb? In this example A is dominant to a and B is dominant to b A. 9:3:3:1 B. 16:0:0:0 C. 8:4:2:2 D. 4:4:4:4 E. 1:1:1:1

A. 9:3:3:1

Which nitrogenous bases are double-ringed? A. Adenine and guanine B. Adenine and thymine C. Cytosine and thymine D. Thymine and uracil E. Guanine and cytosine

A. Adenine and guanine

The shared genetic code of all life on earth is evidence that _________. A. All life shares a common ancestry B. Life was created by a deity C. The genetic code arose relatively late in the history of life on Earth D. Bacterial cells arose earlier than eukaryotic cells E. DNA replication is error- free

A. All life shares a common ancestry

Carbohydrates are defined as ______. A. Being made of C, H and O is a 1:2:1 ratio B. A hydrocarbon chain C. A 5- carbon ring D. Having an NH2 group E. Having a PO4 group

A. Being made of C, H and O is a 1:2:1 ratio

An individual with the blood group genotype LMLN has the phenotype MN. What is the relationship between the LM and LN alleles? A. Codominance B. Incomplete dominance C. Pleiotropy D. LM is dominant E. LN is dominant

A. Codominance

What name is given to the following reaction? Galactose + glucose -> lactose + water A. Dehydration synthesis B. Gluconeogenesis C. Hydrogenation D. Hydrolysis E. Glycolysis

A. Dehydration synthesis

All the offspring of a cross between a black-eyed MendAlien and an orange-eyed MendAlien have black eyes. This means that the allele for black eyes is _____ the allele for orange eyes. A. Dominant to B. Codominant to C. Recessive to D. More aggressive than E. Better than

A. Dominant to

Animals store carbohydrates as ____ A glycogen B maltose C. Starch D. Glucose E. Cellulose

A. Glycogen

What name is given to the following reaction? Sucrose + water -> glucose + fructose A. Hydrolysis B. Glucogenesis C. Denaturation D. Anabolism E. Dehydration synthesis

A. Hydrolysis

What name is given to the specific location of a gene on a chromosome? A. Locus B. Chromaddress C. Allele D. Phenotype E. Genotype

A. Locus

Fatty acids are _______. A. Non polar B. Composed of four linked rings C. Components of DNA D. Compose of carbon, hydrogen, glycerol, and a phosphate group E. Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio

A. No polar

Viruses that infect bacteria are _____ A. Pages B. Enveloped viruses C. Retroviruses D. Emerging viruses E. Proviruses

A. Pages

One type of viral that infects bacteria is called a _______ A. Phage B. Mage C. Ebola D. Filovirus E. Rhinovirus

A. Phage

How many nucleotides make up a codon? A. Three B. Two C. Five D. Four E. One

A. Three

Who discovered the structure of DNA? A. Watson and Crick B. Hershey and Chase C. Chase D. Pauling E. Franklin

A. Watson and Crick

A single carbon atom can form a maximum of _______ covalent bonds. A. None; carbon only participated in ionic bonds B. 4 C. 1 D. 2 E. 3

B. 4

A couple has two female children. What is the probability that their next child will be a male? A. 33% B. 50% C. 25% D. 75% E. 67%

B. 50%

Attached earlobes are recessive to free earlobes. What is the probability of having a child with attached earlobes when an individual with attached earlobes mates with an individual heterozygous for free earlobes? A. 25% B. 50% C. 75% D. 0% E. 100%

B. 50%

HIV is responsible for ___ A. TB B. AIDS C. CPR D. PKU E. STDs

B. AIDS

Proteins are polymers constructed from ___________ monomers A. 5- carbon ring B. Amino acid C. Peptide D. Hydrocarbon E. Nucleotide

B. Amino acid

A friend of yours appears to have lit on a lot of muscle very quickly, and at the same time you notice that your friend has become very irritable and depressed. It is reasonable for you to suspect that your friend has begun to take ____. A. Amino acid supplements B. An anabolic steroid C. Protein powder D. Ephedra E. Creatine

B. An anabolic steroid

If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence GTCCAT, what is the sequence of the other strand? A. TGAACG B. CAGGTA C. ACTTGC D. CAGGUA E. CUGGTU

B. CAGGTA

And individual who is homozygous _____ A. Expressed the dominant B. Carries two copies of the same allele for a gene C. Carries two different alleles for a gene D. Expresses the recessive E. Is a carrier of a genetic disorder

B. Carries two copies of the same allele for a gene

Destruction. If a proteins shape is called _____. A. Hydrolysis B. Desaturation C. Hydrogenation D. Dehydration synthesis E. Anabolism

B. Desaturation

After replication, ____ A. Each new DNA double helix consists of two new strands B. Each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand C. Each new DNA double helix consists of two old strands D. Each new DNA double helix contains 25% of the old DNA double helix E. One DNA double helix consists of two old strand and one DNA double helix consists of two new strands

B. Each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand

What is the name given to the reaction that breaks peptide bonds? A. Denaturation B. Hydrolysis C. Hydrogenation D. Anabolism E. Dehydration synthesis

B. Hydrolysis

Which of the following is NOT a health effect of a diet high in saturated fats? A. Increased risk of atherosclerosis B. Increased life span C. Increased risk of stroke D. Increased risk of heart attack E. Reduction of blood flow

B. Increased life span

A fat that is hydrogenated is ____________. A. Harder to spread on bread B. More solid C. More unsaturated D. Less likely to cause stokes E. Likely to go bad faster

B. More solid

The linear sequence of monomers in a polypeptide chain is referred to as its __________ structure. A. Tertiary B. Primary C. Quaternary D. Pentamerous E. Secondary

B. Primary

How does RNA differ from DNA? A. RNA is double-stranded; DNA is single-stranded B. RNA contains uracil; DNA contains thymine C. RNA contains one less -OH than does DNA D. RNA is a polymer of amino acids; DNA is a polymer of nucleotides E. In RNA G pairs with T; in DNA G pairs with C

B. RNA contains Uracil; DNA contains thymine

Table sugar is __________. A. Maltose B. Sucrose C. Glucose D. Fructose E. Lactose

B. Sucrose

What is the key to the recognition of incomplete dominance A. The dominant allele is not always expressed B. The phenotype of the heterozygote falls between the phenotypes of the heterozygotes C. The heterozygote expresses the phenotype of both homozygotes D. The alleles affect more than one trait E. The trait exhibits a continuous distribution

B. The phenotype of the heterozygote falls between the phenotypes of the homozygotes

In a DNA double helix, adenine parts with ___ and guanine parts with _____ A. Uracil...cytosine B. Thymine... cytosine C. Guanine...adenine D. Cytosine...uracil E. Cytosine...thymine

B. Thymine...cytosine

By definition, what type of fatty acid has double bonds? A. Triglyceride B. Unsaturated C. Steroid D. Saturated E. Monoglyceride

B. Unsaturated

Peptide bonds form between ________. A. The small ribosomal subunit and the large ribosomal subunit B. Amino acids C. An mRNA transcript and the small ribosomal subunit D. tRNA and the amino acid it is carrying E. An mRNA codon and a tRNA anticodon

B. amino acids

Round seeds (R) are dominant to wrinkled seeds (r) and yellow seeds (Y) are dominant to green seeds (y). What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a cross between RrYy and RrYy individual? A. 6:5:4:1 B. 1:21 C. 1:1:1:1 D. 9:3:3:1 E. 3:1

C 1:1:1:1

What's is the probability that a daughter will inherit an X-linked recessive trait from her father? A. 25% B. 0% C. 100% D. 75% E. 50%

C. 100%

Attached earlobes are recessive to free earlobes. What phenotypic ratio is expected when an individual with attached earlobes mates with an individual heterozygous for free earlobes? A. 3:1 B. 2:1 C. 1:1 D. 9:3:3:1 E. 1:2:1

C. 1:1

You conduct a dihybrid cross and then test cross the F1 generation. A ____ ratio would make you suspect that the genes are linked. A. 3:1 B. 1:2:1 C. 7:7:1:1 D. 9:3:3:1 E. 1:1:1:1

C. 7:7:1:1

Which of these crosses will only produce heterozygous offspring? A. Aa x Aa B. AA x Aa C. Aa x aa D. Aa x aa E. aa x aa

C. AA x aa

What are alleles? A. Environmental factors that affect gene expression B. Homologous chromosomes C. Alternate forms of a gene D. Heterozygous chromosomes E. Alternate phenotype a

C. Alternate forms of a gene

Structural proteins ______. A. Respond to environmental changes B. Bond to hormones C. Anchor cell parts D. Include hemoglobin E. Include receptor molecules

C. Anchor cell parts

Nonsex chromosomes are called______ A. Centromeres B. Centrosomes C. Autosomes D. Allosomes E. Nonsexosomes

C. Autosomes

Which of the following is LOWEST in unsaturated fats? A. Potato B. Salmon C. Beef D. Trout E. Pumpkin

C. Beef

During replication, _________ are responsible for jointing the nucleotide of a new DNA strand together. A. DNases B. DNA gyrases C. DNA polymerases D. DNA ligases E. DNA helicases

C. DNA polymerases

Which of the following are isomers? A. Sucrose and lactose B. Lactose and maltose C. Glucose and fructose D. Sucrose and glucose E. Glucose and sucrose

C. Glucose and fructose

What type of bond joins the bases of complementary DNA strands? A. Ionic B. Hydrophilic C. Hydrogen D. Covalent E. Hydrophobic

C. Hydrogen

In order to determine the phenotype of an individual who expresses a dominant trait, you would cross that individual with an individual who ______ A. Is heterozygous for that trait B. Is homozygous dominant for that trait C. Is homozygous recessive for that trait D. Has the genotype Aa E. Expresses the dominant trait

C. Is homozygous recessive for the trait

What is the best explanation for a BbCc x bbcc cross producing offs if in a 5:5:1:1 phenotypic ratio? A. Polygenic inheritance B. Incomplete dominance C. Linked genes D. Codominance E. Mendel's principles of segregation and independent assortment

C. Linked genes

An individual with the genotype AaBb produces four different gametes in equal proportions. This is a demonstration of ________ A. Crossing over B. The chromosomal theory of inheritance C. Mendel's principle of independent assortment D. Linkage E. Mendel's principle of segregation

C. Mendels's principle of independent assortment

Given the reaction: galactose + lactose + water, galactose is a ____. A. Lipid B. Polymer C. Monomer D. Polysaccharide E. Protein

C. Monomer

Nucleic acids are polymers of ____ monomers. A. DNA B. monosaccharide C. Nucleotide D. Hydrocarbon E. Fatty acid

C. Nucleotide

Enzymes are _____. A. Steroids B. Monosaccharides C. Proteins D. Phospholipids E. Fats

C. Proteins

Mutation to a stop codon would __________. A. Result in a polypeptide that is one amino acid shorter than the one produces prior to the mutation B. Alter the reading frame C. Result in a shortened polypeptide chain D. Result in an amino acid substitution E. Alter the location at which transcription of the next gene begins

C. Result in a shortened polypeptide chain

The primary structure of a protein is _______ A. Composed of 2 or more polypeptide chains B. Maintained by hydrogen bonds C. The amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain D. An a helix or a pleated sheet E. Irregular folding

C. The amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain

The consumption of sugar is a major cause of __________. A. Gout B. Acne C. Tooth decay D. Rheumatoid arthritis E. Cancer

C. Tooth decay

Which of the following is NOT a component of an amino acid? A. A hydrogen atom B. A central carbon C. An amino group D. A phosphate group E. A carboxyl group

D. A phosphate group

Which of the following is hydrophilic? A. Butter B. Polyunsaturated fatty acids C. Testosterone D. Cellulose E. Cholesterol

D. Cellulose

A glycerol with 3 fatty acids attached is referred to as a ______. A. Nucleic acid B. Protein C. Prostaglandin D. Fat E. Steroid

D. Fat

The following molecule is best described as a ____. A. Nucleic acid B. Protein C. Carbohydrate D. Hydrocarbon E. Lipid

D. Hydrocarbon

An individual with (naturally) curly hair and an individual with (naturally straight hair mate, all of their offspring have (naturally) wavy hair. What is the relationship between the alleles for hair texture? A. Codominance B. Straight hair and curly hair are sex-linked, but wavy hair isn't C. Wavy hair is dominant to both straight and curly hair D. Incomplete dominance E. Pleiotropy

D. Incomplete dominance

The RNA that is transferred is _____ RNA A. Transfer B. Nuclear C. Nucleolar D. Messenger E. Ribosomal

D. Messenger

What is the ultimate source of all diversity? A. Crossing over B. Meiosis C. Sexual Recombination D. Mutation E. Natural selection

D. Mutation

DNA and RNA are polymers of _____. A. Amino acids B. Fatty acids C. Monosaccharides D. Nucleotides E. Monoclycerides

D. Nucleotides

What name is given to the collection of traits exhibited by an organism? A. Morphology B. Holotype C. Typology D. Phenotype E. Genotype

D. Phenotype

What if the site of translation? A. Lysosomes B. Peroxisomes C. Nucleoli D. Ribosomes E. sER

D. Ribosomes

Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide? A. Fructose B. Glucose C. Maltose D. Starch E. Sucrose

D. Starch

If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence AGTACTG, what will be the sequence of the other strand? A. AGTACTG B. GACGTCA C. CTACAGT D. TCATGAC E. GTCATGA

D. TCATGAC

A true- breeding plant that produces yellow seeds is crossed with a true breeding plant that produces green seeds. All of the seeds of all of the offspring are yellow. Why? A. Yellow is an easier color to produce B. The yellow allele is recessive to the green allele C. All of the offspring are homozygous yellow The yellow allele is dominant to the green allele D. The allies are Codominant

D. The alleles are codominant

Which of the following is true in regard to a DNA molecule? A. The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of guanine, and the amount of thymine is equal to the amount of uracil B. The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of guanine, and the amount of thymine is equal to the amount of cytosine C. The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of cytosine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of thymine D. The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine. E. The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of uracil

D. The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine

Which of these is always true win regard to a DNA double helix? A. The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of uracil, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine. B. The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of uracil. C. The amount of adenine is what to the amount of guanine, and the amount of thymine is equal to the amount of cytosine D. The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine. E. The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of cytosine, and the amount of guanine is equal tithe amount of thymine.

D. The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amour of cytosine

What is the key to the recognition of codominance A. The dominant allele is not always expressed B. The trade exhibits a continuous distribution C. The alleles affect more than one trait D. The heterozygote expresses the phenotype of both homozygotes E. The phenotype of the heterozygote falls between the phenotypes of the homozygotes

D. The heterozygote expresses the phenotype of both homozygotes

Which of the following is NOT a nucleotide found in DNA? A. Thymine B. Cytosine C. Adenine D. Uracil E. Guanine

D. Uracil

RNA contains ____, whereas DNA contains _______. A. A deoxyribose sugar... A ribose sugar B. Nucleotides.... Nucleic acids C. Adenine.... Guanine D. Uracil... Thymine E. Cytosine.. Guanine

D. Uracil... Thymine

The ________ is the trait most commonly found in nature A. Recessive B. F 1 C. Dominant D. Wild type E. Budgie

D. Wild type

Evidence for the spiral nature of DNA came from _____ A. Base rule studies B. Studies of pathogenic bacteria C. Bacteriophage studies D. X-Ray crystallography studies E. Transforming studies

D. X- rat crystallography studies

_________ is a hydroxyl group A. -COOH B. -H C. -SH D. -NH2 E. -OH

E. -OH

An individual with the blood group genotype LMLN has the phenotype MN. what is the expected phenotypic ratio of a cross between a person with phenotype N and a person with phenotype MN? A. 3 N : 1MN B. 3 MN : 1 N C. 1 M : 1 MN : 1N D. 1 M : 2 MN : 1N E. 1 MN : 1N

E. 1 MN : 1 N

How many amino acids are common to all living systems? A. 30 B. 10 C. 15 D. 20 E. 25

E. 25

If adenine makes up 20% of the bases In a DNA double helix, what percent of the bases are guanine? A. 20% B. 40% C. 60% D. 80% E. 30%

E. 30%

The backbone of DNA consists of ______ A. A repeating sugar-nucleotide-sugar- nucleotide pattern B. paired nucleotides C. Nitrogenous bases D. A repeating ACTGACTG pattern E. A repeating sugar - phosphate -sugar - phosphate pattern

E. A repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar- phosphate pattern

The DNA codon AGT codes for an amino acid carried by a tRNA with the anticodon ____ A. AGT B. UCA C. TCU D. TCA E. AGU

E. AGU

What name is given to the following reaction? Glycerol + fatty acid -> Monoglyceride + water A. Catabolism B. Desaturation C. Hydrolysis D. Hydrogenation E. Dehydration synthesis

E. Dehydration synthesis

Complete the equation: Monosaccharide + monosaccharide -> ___________ + water A. Polypeptide B. Nucleic Acid C. Polysaccharide D. Fat E. Disaccharide

E. Disaccharide

Given the equation: galactose + lactose + water, lactose is a ______________. A. Dipeptide B. Nucleic Acid C. Fatty Acid D. Polypeptide E. Disaccharide

E. Disaccharide

_______ is a steroid. A. Monounsaturated fat B. Amino acid C. Maltose D. Butter E. Estrogen

E. Estrogen

Cellulose is an example of a _________. A. Fat B. Polypeptide C. Nucleic acid D. Steroid E. Fiber

E. Fiber

What are saturated fats saturated with? A. Phosphorus B. Oxygen C. Nitrogen D. Carbon E. Hydrogen

E. Hydrogen

All of the offspring of a cross between a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant have pink flowers. This means that the allele for red flowers is ______ to the allele for white flowers. A. Pleiotropic B. Recessive C. Codominant D. Dominant E. Incompletely dominant

E. Incompletely dominant

What is the correct order of the stages of translation? A. Initiation, translocation, codon recognition, peptide bond formation, termination B. Initiation, peptide bond formation, translocation, codon recognition, termination C. Initiation, codon recognition, translocation, peptide bond formation, termination D. Initiation, peptide bond formation, codon recognition, translocation, termination E. Initiation, codon recognition, peptide bond formation, translocation, termination

E. Initiation, codon recognition, peptide bond formation, translocation , termination

Which component of the following reactions is an enzyme? Lactose + lactase + water -> lactase + glucose + fructose A. Water B. Glucose C. Fructose D. Lactose E. Lactase

E. Lactase

Which of these is an amino group? A. -COOH B. -C=O C -SH D. -OH E. -NH2

E. NH2

DNA and RNA are polymers of _______ monomers A. Amino acid B. Carbohydrate C. Nucleic acid D. Fatty acid E. Nucleotide

E. Nucleotide

Translation converts the information stored in _____ into _____. A. DNA ... RNA B. RNA ... DNA C. Protein... DNA D. DNA ... A polypeptide E. RNA ... A polypeptide

E. RNA ... A polypeptide

A proteins function is dependent on its ______. A. Temperature B. Weight C. Size D. pH E. Shape

E. Shape

If a strand of DNA has the sequence AAGCTC, transcription will result in a ____ A. Single RNA strand with the sequence TTCGAG B. DNA double helix with the sequence TTCGAG C. RNA double helix with the sequence AAGCTC TTCGAG D. RNA double helix with the sequence UUCGAG AAGCUC E. single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAG

E. Single RNA stand with the sequence UUCGAG

A color-blind woman mates with a man who is not color-blind. All of the sons and none of the daughters are color-blond. What is the best explanation of this result? A. The gene for color vision is incompletely dominant to the gene for sex determination B. The gene for color vision is condoning with the gene for sex determination C. The gene for color vision is completely dominant to the gene for sex determination D. The gene for color vision is lined to the Y chromosome E. The gene for color vision is linked to the X chromosome.

E. The gene for color vision is linked to the X chromosome

What is transcription? A. The manufacture of two new DNA double helices that are identical to an old DNA double helix. B. The manufacture of a new strand of DNA complementary to an old stand of DNA C. The modification of a stand of RNA prior to the manufacture of a protein D. The manufacture of a protein based on information carried by RNA E. The manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA

E. The manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA