Bio Final Exam

Charles Darwin made several observations about natural populations that led him to develop his theory of evolution by natural selection. What were two of those observations?

1) Population produces more offspring then can survive to produce off springs of their own 2) Species seem to be suited to their environment

How many grams of the compound in the figure are required to make 1 liter of a 2M solution? A) 60 B) 120 C) 30 D)90 E) 140

B) 120

Which of the following are all compounds? A) H2O, H2, and CH4 B) H2O, NH3, CH4 C) O2 and CH4 D) H2O and O2 E) H2O, O2, and CH4

B) H2O, NH3, CH4

For a protein to be integral membrane protein it would have to be A) hydrophobic B) amphipathic with at least one hydrophobic region C) exposed on only one surface of the membrane D) hydrophilic E) a lipoprotein

B) amphipathic with at least one hydrophobic region

Starch and cellulose ______. A) are cis and trans isomers of each other B) are polymers of glucose C) are polymers of amino acids D) are used for energy storage in plants and animals E) are structural components of the plant cell wall

B) are polymers of amino acids

What is the pH of a solution with a hydroxyl ion (OH-) concentration of 10-6 M? A) pH 6 B) pH 8 C) pH 2 D) pH 3 E) pH 11

B) pH 8

How many electrons does the ion in problem 5 have? A) five B) seven C) six D) four E) eight

B) seven

An atom of carbon has four electrons in its valence shell. What types of covalent bonds is it capable of forming? A) single bonds only B) single, double, or triple C) triple bonds only D) single and double only E) double bonds only

B) single, double, or triple

The ultimate source of energy that supports almost all life on Earth is A) photosynthetic alge B) sunlight C) chemosynthetic microbes D) carbon cycle E) geothermal

B) sunlight

How many molecules of water are released during the polymerization of a 15 monomer- long cellulose molecule? A) 17 B) 13 C) 14 D) 15 E) 16

C) 14

Nitrogen (N) is more electronegative than hydrogen (H). Which of the following is a correct statement about the atoms in ammonia (NH3)? A) Ammonia has an overall negative charge B) Ammonia has an overall positive charge C) Each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge; the nitrogen atom has a partial negative charge D) The nitrogen atom has a partial positive charge; each hydrogen atom has a partial negative charge E) There will be no partial charges on any part of the molecule

C) Each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge; the nitrogen atom has a partial negative charge

Which of the following is broken when water evaporates? A) ionic bonds B)non-polar covalent bonds C) hydrogen bonds D) van der Waals forces E) polar covalent bonds

C) Hydrogen Bonds

In order for the membrane of winter wheat to be able to maintain fluidity when it is cold it could A) Increase the proportion of glycolipids in the membranes B) Increase the proportions of phospholipids with saturated fatty acid tails in the membranes C) Increase the proportion of phospholipids with unsaturated fatty acid tails in the membranes D) Decrease the number of hydrophobic proteins in the membranes E) Decrease the percentage of hydrophilic proteins in the membranes

C) Increase the proportion of phospholipids with unsaturated fatty acid tails in the membranes

An animal cell lacking carbohydrates on the external surface of its plasma membrane would likely be impaired in which function? A) establishing a diffusion barrier to charge molecules B) transporting ions against an electrochemical gradient C) cell-cell recognition D) attaching the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton

C) cell-cell recognition

The amount of thermal energy of the water in a swimming pool is ______ than the amount in a pot of hot coffee because of its ______. A) lower; low temperature B) lower; low density C) higher; greater volume D) higher; high density E) higher; potential energy

C) higher; greater volume

Which pair of electrons would likely have similar valences and thus similar chemical behavior? A) lithium and neon B) carbon and nitrogen C) nitrogen and phosphorus D) sodium and chlorine E) hydrogen and helium

C) nitrogen and phosphorus

An ion with six protons, seven neutrons, and a charge of 2+ has an atomic number of _______. A) five B) seven C) six D) four E) eight

C) six

What component of amino acid structure varies among different amino acids? A) the presence of a central C atom B) the long carbon-hydrogen tails of the molecule C) the components of the R group D) the glycerol molecule that forms the backbone of the amino acid E) whether or not there is a carboxyl group

C) the components of the R group

Think about the structure of each of the following hydrocarbons. Which hydrocarbon has a double in its carbon skeleton? A) C2H6 B) C2H8 C)C2H2 D) C2H4

D) C2H4

Which of the following statements correctly describes osmosis? A) Osmosis is an energy-demanding or "active" process. B) In osmosis, solutes move across a membrane from areas of lower water concentration to areas of higher water concentration C) Osmosis only takes place in red blood cells. D) In osmosis, water moves across a membrane from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration

D) In osmosis, water moves across a membrane from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration

Which of the following statements about NAD+ is true? A) NAD+ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation B) NAD+ has more chemical energy then NADH C) NADH is reduced to NAD+ during glycolysis D) NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle E) in the absence of NAD+ glycolysis can still function

D) NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle

The difference between pinocytosis and receptor-meditated endocytosis is that________ A) Pinocytosis brings only water molecules into the cell, but receptor-mediated endocytosis brings in other molecules as well. B) Pinocytosis can concentrate substances from the extracellular fluid, but receptor- mediated endocytosis cannot C) Pinoscytosis increases the surface area of the plasma membrane, whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis decreases the plasma membrane surface area. D) Pinocytosis is nonselective in the molecules it brings into the cell, whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis offers more selectivity

D) Pinocytosis is nonselective in the molecules it brings into the cell, whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis offers more selectivity

The element present in all organic molecules is_____ A) phosphorous B) oxygen C) nitrogen D)carbon E) hydrogen

D) carbon

Which of the following is not a polymer? A) starch B) DNA C) RNA D) glucose E) glycogen

D) glucose

What will happen to an animal cell in a hypotonic solution? A) it will be plasmolyzed B) it will remain unchanged C) it will shrivel D) it will swell E) it will become turgid

D) it will swell

Isotopes of an element contain A) the same number of neutrons and electrons but a different number of protons B) the same number of protons and neurons but a different number of electrons C) the same number of electrons but a different number of protons D) the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons E) Different numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons

D) the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons

What kind of molecules diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer of a cell membrane most easily? A) Large polar B) Small ionic C) Large hydrophilic D) Large hydrophobic E) Small hydrophobic

E) Small hydrophobic

Which best describes natural selection? A) Random assortment of genes results in better characteristics in the following generation B) Some live and some die in each generation C) Organisms develop traits that allow them to survive throughout their lifetime D) Only the largest and strongest survive E) The best adapted individuals survive and reduce, contributing the most to the next generation

E) The best adapted individuals survive and reduce, contributing the most to the next generation

About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter? A) carbon, oxygen, phophorous, hydrogen B) carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogen C) carbon, hydrogen, sulfur , nitrogen D) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen E) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

E) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

A(n) __________ has charge but negligible mass, whereas a(n) ____ has mass but no charge. A) neutron; electron B) electron; proton C) proton; neutron D) neutron; proton E) electron; neutron

E) electron; neutron

What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds? A) Covalent bonds involve sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms B) Covalent bonds involve transfer of electrons between charged atoms; ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms. C) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve sharing of single electrons between atoms D) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the sharing of protons between charged atoms. E) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of protons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

A) Covalent bonds involve sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms

Why is a steam burn more sever than a hot water burn? A) steam contains more energy than water. B) Steam can penetrate into the skin C) Water evaporates and leaves the surface faster and helps in cooling D) Burns caused by liquids are always milder E) Steam burns are not more severe then hot water burns

A) Steam contains more energy than water

A salamander relies on hydrogen bonding to stick to various surfaces. therefore, a salamander would have the greatest difficulty changing to a ______ A) surface of hydrocarbons B) slightly damp surface C) surface of mostly carbon nitrogen bonds D) surface of mostly carbon oxygen bonds E) it should be able to cling to all of those surfaces

A) Surface of hydrocarbons

A population of grasshoppers in the Kansas prairie has two color variants, green grasshoppers and brown grasshoppers. Typically, the prairie receives adequate water to maintain healthy, green grass. Assume a bird that eats grasshoppers moves into the prairie. How will this affect natural selection of the grasshoppers? A) The brown phenotype should be more easily seen by the predator and decrease in frequency. B) Predation will cause the brown grasshoppers to mutate into green grasshoppers. C) The green phenotype should be more easily seen by the predator and decrease in frequency. D ) Predation will have no effect on the grasshopper population. E) Both green and brown grasshoppers should be eaten and there relative numbers should remain constant.

A) The brown phenotype should be more easily seen by the predator and decrease in frequency.

Which of the following is the Second Law of Thermodynamics? A) The entropy of the universe is increasing B) Energy cannot be created or destroyed C) The entropy of the universe is constant D) Energy cannot be transferred or transformed E) The entropy of the universe is decreasing

A) The entropy of the universe is increasing

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water? A) The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen linkages B) The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon- carbon and carbon-hydrogen linkages C) They contain lots of hydrogen bonds D) The exhibit considerable molecule complexity and diversity E) They are less dense than water.

A) The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen linkages

According to the fluid mosaic model, a membrane _______ A) is composed of a fluid bialyer of phospholipids with embedded amphipathic proteins B) Is composed of a fluid bilayer of phospholipids between two layers of hydrophilic proteins C) is composed or a single layer of fluid phospholipids between two layers of hydrophilic proteins D) is composed of a mosaic fluid polysaccharides and amphipathic proteins

A) is composed of a fluid bialyer of phospholipids with embedded amphipathic proteins

Which of the following membrane activities requires energy from ATP hydrolysis? A) movement of sodium ions from a lower concentration in a mammalian cell to a high concentration in the extracellular fluid B) movement of carbon dioxide out of paramecium C) facilitated diffusion of chloride ions across the membrane through a chloride channel D) movement of glucose molecules into a bacterial cell from a medium containing a high concentration of glucose then inside the cell

A) movement of sodium ions from a lower concentration in a mammalian cell to a high concentration in the extracellular fluid

In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by _____. A) Polar covalent bonds B) van der Waals interactions C) hydrogen bonds D) non-polar covalent bonds E) ionic bonds

A) polar covalent bonds

You disrupt all hydrogen bonds in a protein. What level of structure will be preserved? A) primary structure B) tertiary structure C) secondary structure D) quaternary structure

A) primary structure