bio II final exam

Normal blood pressure for a young adult is about

120/80

How many lobes are there in the brain?

4

Refer to the diagram above. The pituitary gland is indicated by gland

A

Refer to the illustration above. Eggs mature in the structure labeled

A

Refer to the illustration above. The cerebrum is structure

A

People with antigen A on their red blood cells can give blood to someone with blood type(s)

A and AB

Which of the following statements correctly describes HIV?

A person can have HIV but not have AIDS

Refer to the diagram above. The gland that produces the hormone insulin is gland

B

Refer to the illustration above. Fertilization usually in the structure labeled

B

Refer to the illustration above. The compact bone is labeled

B

Refer to the illustration above. The structure that connects the epididymis to the urethra is labeled

B

Refer to the illustration above. Which figure shows a joint that allows bones to "glide" over each other?

C

Refer to the illustration above. The aorta is indicated by

D

Refer to the diagram above. Testosterone is produced by gland

E

Refer to the illustration above. Sperm are produced in

F

Refer to the illustration above. The scrotum is indicated by label

I

HIV causes AIDS by attacking and destroying

T cells

What happens to cells during determination?

They lose the potential to develop into any type of cell.

Which of the following is a skin disorder that results from the blockage of oil glands?

acne

An inappropriate immune system response against a nonpathogenic antigen is called a(n)

allergic reaction

Tne actual exchange of gases occurs at the site of the

alveoli

The lungs are composed of four types of tissues. Which phrase best describes the lungs?

an organ

When cells do not continue to develop into specialized cells, they undergo

apoptosis

Nodes of Ranvier

are gaps in the myelin sheath

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called

arteries

Which type of blood vessel is both strong and elastic?

artery

A respiratory disease in which airways in the lungs become narrow because of sensitivity to certain stimuli is called

asthma

Which of these is not a lobe of the brain?

auditory

Which of the following would not help prevent bone loss?

avoiding UV radiation

Refer to the illustration above. The joint shown in A is an example of a

ball-and-socket joint

Alveoli in the lungs are connected to the bronchi by a network of tiny tubes called

bronchioles

How does the liver help to regulate glucose levels in the blood?

by storing glucose

Sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and chlamydia, which are caused by bacteria

can usually be treated with antibiotics

The smallest and most numerous blood vessels in the body are the

capillaries

Enzymes in saliva begin the chemical digestion of

carbohydrates

Most of the body's energy needs should be supplied by dietary

carbohydrates

What is the simplest level of organization in the body?

cell

What process is shown in the diagram in Figure 28.1?

cell differentiation

From the smallest functional units to the largest, the body is organized as follows:

cells, tissues, organs, systems

Refer to the illustration above. Structure B in the diagram is the

cerebellum

The entrance to the uterus is called the

cervix

The heart and the blood vessels are separate organs that form the

circulatory system

Yellow marrow is a soft tissue within bones that

consists mainly of fat and stores energy

Information from the body's sensors goes first to a(n)

control center

The epiglottis

covers the trachea

"Antennae" that extend from a neuron and receive information from other cells are called

dendrites

The dome-shaped muscle below the chest cavity is called the

diaphragm

Which of the following phrases describes an organ?

different tissues working together

The first portion of the small intestine is the

duodenum

The process by which sperm leave a male's body is called

ejaculation

The last function of the digestive system is

elimination

Which of the following is not considered a nutrient?

energy

The skin is made up of

epithelial tissue

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

excrete liquid wastes

When the diaphragm and rib cage muscles relax,

exhalation occurs

flexors : bend ::

extensors : straighten

Menopause is the time at which

females cease to release eggs

The first stage of urine formation is called

filtration

The iron-containing molecule in red blood cells is called

hemoglobin

Hypertension is another name for

high blood pressure

Swelling, redness, and itching during an allergic reaction are caused by

histamine

The kidneys play a major role in maintaining

homeostasis by removing urea, water, and other wastes from the blood

Which of the following carries messages to parts of the body?

hormones

Excessive production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland is the cause of the disease called

hyperthyroidism

Low levels of thyroid hormones cause the disease known as

hypothyroidism

The burrowing of an embryo into the uterine wall is known as

implantation

Smooth muscles can be found

in internal organs

Which of the following is not an effect of drinking alcohol?

increased activity of the central nervous system

Moderate fevers (below 39 C or 103 F)

inhibit the growth of pathogens

The myelin sheath

insulates axons

All of the following are white blood cells that are involved in immune responses except

interferons

The body works to maintain homeostasis in response to what conditions?

internal and external changes

The autonomic nervous system controls

involuntary functions of the internal organs

Blood entering the right atrium

is deoxygenated

Refer to the illustration above. In the diagram, blood in chamber A

is full of oxygen

Vitamin K

is needed for normal blood clotting

A nerve impulse

is the movement of an action potential along an axon

Urea must be eliminated from the body because it

is toxic

How does a positive feedback loop respond to changing conditions?

it increases a change away from a set point

The point where two or more bones meet is called a

joint

Refer to the illustration above. The joint shown in D would most likely be found in the

knee

Vaccines are effective in preventing disease because they

lead to the formation of memory cells

Fat molecules are broken down into fatty acids by

lipases

Bile, which emulsifies fat globules, is produced by the

liver

Which of the following organs does not contain cells that have an endocrine function?

lungs

Which of the following engulfs foreign cells?

macrophage

White blood cells that ingest invading microbes and cellular debris resulting from microbial attacks are called

macrophages

The midpiece of a sperm cell contains many _____, which supply sperm with the energy needed to propel themselves through the female reproductive system

mitochondria

Which of the following is not a way that HIV is commonly transmitted?

mosquito bites

Information is carried from the central nervous system to a muscle or gland by

motor neurons

An autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the insulating material surrounding nerve cells

multiple sclerosis

Tendons are bands of tissue that connect

muscles to bones

All essential amino acids

must be obtained from the foods we eat

What part of a neuron is destroyed in multiple sclerosis?

myelin sheath

Refer to the illustration above. The structure is known as a

nephron

The basic functional unit of the kidney is the

nephron

Kidney dialysis simulates the filtering action of the

nephrons

The villi of the small intestine allow for an increase in the rate of

nutrient absorption

Chemoreceptors that detect odors are called ______ receptors

olfactory

Compact bone contains tightly packed

osteocytes

Eggs are produced in the

ovaries

A female gamete is called a(n)

ovum

The division of the autonomic nervous system that keeps you breathing when you fall asleep is the ____ division

parasympathetic

Because steroid hormones are fat soluble, they

pass through the cell membranes of their target cells

A disease-causing agent is called a(n)

pathogen

Vaccines are produced from killed or weakened

pathogens

Of the following, the structure that is not part of the axial skeleton is the

pectoral girdle

The wavelike contractions of muscle that move food through the digestive system are called

peristalsis

The structure that exchanges substances between mother and fetus is the

placenta

A heart attack can result from the blockage of a blood vessel because of

plaque buildup

Vitamins are organic compounds that

play important roles in metabolism

During childbirth, a woman's body produces oxytocin, which causes the uterus to contract. To maintain the contractions, more oxytocin is produced until the baby is born. This is an example of

positive feedback

Pepsin and hydrochloric acid in the stomach begin the digestion of

protein

The peripheral nervous system

provides pathways to and from the central nervous system

A muscle causes a bone to move by

pulling on the bone

The nutritional guide that lists the number of servings needed by your body daily from each food group is in the shape of a

pyramid

Refer to the illustration above. The cells shown are

red blood cells

Which of the following is the main function of sweat glands?

regulating body temperature

Neurotransmitters are

released at synapses

The heart and lungs are protected by the

rib cage

Refer to the illustration above. The chamber indicated by F is the

right atrium

The functional unit of muscle contraction is called the

sacromere

Repeating units of myosin and actin filaments bound by two Z lines are

sacromeres

The testes produce

sperm

Refer to the illustration above. The material labeled D is known as

spongy bone

Which type of cell goes through the determination process?

stem

Which of the following is a characteristic of thyroid hormones?

stimulate cell metabolism and growth

Refer to the illustration above. What is the name of the structure 5?

stomach

On a hot day, which of the following is an outward sign that thermoregulation is taking place?

sweating

Autoimmune disease occur when

the body manufactures "anti-self" antibodies

The central nervous system consists of

the brain and spinal cord

The ventricles are

the chambers of the heart that pump blood to the lungs and the rest of the body

Sensitivity to heat and cold is a function of

the dermis

The thin outer layer of the skin is

the epidermis

Most of the enzymes and chemicals secreted by the upper end of the small intestine come from

the liver and pancreas

Refer to the illustration above. The vessels indicated by C carry deoxygenated blood. The vessels are

the pulmonary arteries

Refer to the illustration above. The structure labeled C is

the uterus

The process of maintaining a steady body temperature is

thermoregulation

Hormones function so well to maintain homeostasis mainly because

they cause specific responses in specific cells

Sensory neurons transmit messages

to the spinal cord or brain

Refer to the illustration above. The structure labeled X is the

trachea

Pregnancy is often divided into three 3-month periods known as

trimesters

Urine leaves the body through the

urethra

An artery

usually carries oxygen-rich blood

If a blood vessel has valves, it probably is a(n)

vein

Flexors and extensors are examples of

voluntary muscles

Excess calories and fat in the diet cause all of the following except

weight loss

The embryo is formed

when the fertilized egg divides

Defending the body against bacterial infection and invasion by foreign substances is a function of

white blood cells

The body's first line of defense against infection includes all of the following except

white blood cells