bio II final exam
Normal blood pressure for a young adult is about
120/80
How many lobes are there in the brain?
4
Refer to the diagram above. The pituitary gland is indicated by gland
A
Refer to the illustration above. Eggs mature in the structure labeled
A
Refer to the illustration above. The cerebrum is structure
A
People with antigen A on their red blood cells can give blood to someone with blood type(s)
A and AB
Which of the following statements correctly describes HIV?
A person can have HIV but not have AIDS
Refer to the diagram above. The gland that produces the hormone insulin is gland
B
Refer to the illustration above. Fertilization usually in the structure labeled
B
Refer to the illustration above. The compact bone is labeled
B
Refer to the illustration above. The structure that connects the epididymis to the urethra is labeled
B
Refer to the illustration above. Which figure shows a joint that allows bones to "glide" over each other?
C
Refer to the illustration above. The aorta is indicated by
D
Refer to the diagram above. Testosterone is produced by gland
E
Refer to the illustration above. Sperm are produced in
F
Refer to the illustration above. The scrotum is indicated by label
I
HIV causes AIDS by attacking and destroying
T cells
What happens to cells during determination?
They lose the potential to develop into any type of cell.
Which of the following is a skin disorder that results from the blockage of oil glands?
acne
An inappropriate immune system response against a nonpathogenic antigen is called a(n)
allergic reaction
Tne actual exchange of gases occurs at the site of the
alveoli
The lungs are composed of four types of tissues. Which phrase best describes the lungs?
an organ
When cells do not continue to develop into specialized cells, they undergo
apoptosis
Nodes of Ranvier
are gaps in the myelin sheath
Vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called
arteries
Which type of blood vessel is both strong and elastic?
artery
A respiratory disease in which airways in the lungs become narrow because of sensitivity to certain stimuli is called
asthma
Which of these is not a lobe of the brain?
auditory
Which of the following would not help prevent bone loss?
avoiding UV radiation
Refer to the illustration above. The joint shown in A is an example of a
ball-and-socket joint
Alveoli in the lungs are connected to the bronchi by a network of tiny tubes called
bronchioles
How does the liver help to regulate glucose levels in the blood?
by storing glucose
Sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and chlamydia, which are caused by bacteria
can usually be treated with antibiotics
The smallest and most numerous blood vessels in the body are the
capillaries
Enzymes in saliva begin the chemical digestion of
carbohydrates
Most of the body's energy needs should be supplied by dietary
carbohydrates
What is the simplest level of organization in the body?
cell
What process is shown in the diagram in Figure 28.1?
cell differentiation
From the smallest functional units to the largest, the body is organized as follows:
cells, tissues, organs, systems
Refer to the illustration above. Structure B in the diagram is the
cerebellum
The entrance to the uterus is called the
cervix
The heart and the blood vessels are separate organs that form the
circulatory system
Yellow marrow is a soft tissue within bones that
consists mainly of fat and stores energy
Information from the body's sensors goes first to a(n)
control center
The epiglottis
covers the trachea
"Antennae" that extend from a neuron and receive information from other cells are called
dendrites
The dome-shaped muscle below the chest cavity is called the
diaphragm
Which of the following phrases describes an organ?
different tissues working together
The first portion of the small intestine is the
duodenum
The process by which sperm leave a male's body is called
ejaculation
The last function of the digestive system is
elimination
Which of the following is not considered a nutrient?
energy
The skin is made up of
epithelial tissue
Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?
excrete liquid wastes
When the diaphragm and rib cage muscles relax,
exhalation occurs
flexors : bend ::
extensors : straighten
Menopause is the time at which
females cease to release eggs
The first stage of urine formation is called
filtration
The iron-containing molecule in red blood cells is called
hemoglobin
Hypertension is another name for
high blood pressure
Swelling, redness, and itching during an allergic reaction are caused by
histamine
The kidneys play a major role in maintaining
homeostasis by removing urea, water, and other wastes from the blood
Which of the following carries messages to parts of the body?
hormones
Excessive production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland is the cause of the disease called
hyperthyroidism
Low levels of thyroid hormones cause the disease known as
hypothyroidism
The burrowing of an embryo into the uterine wall is known as
implantation
Smooth muscles can be found
in internal organs
Which of the following is not an effect of drinking alcohol?
increased activity of the central nervous system
Moderate fevers (below 39 C or 103 F)
inhibit the growth of pathogens
The myelin sheath
insulates axons
All of the following are white blood cells that are involved in immune responses except
interferons
The body works to maintain homeostasis in response to what conditions?
internal and external changes
The autonomic nervous system controls
involuntary functions of the internal organs
Blood entering the right atrium
is deoxygenated
Refer to the illustration above. In the diagram, blood in chamber A
is full of oxygen
Vitamin K
is needed for normal blood clotting
A nerve impulse
is the movement of an action potential along an axon
Urea must be eliminated from the body because it
is toxic
How does a positive feedback loop respond to changing conditions?
it increases a change away from a set point
The point where two or more bones meet is called a
joint
Refer to the illustration above. The joint shown in D would most likely be found in the
knee
Vaccines are effective in preventing disease because they
lead to the formation of memory cells
Fat molecules are broken down into fatty acids by
lipases
Bile, which emulsifies fat globules, is produced by the
liver
Which of the following organs does not contain cells that have an endocrine function?
lungs
Which of the following engulfs foreign cells?
macrophage
White blood cells that ingest invading microbes and cellular debris resulting from microbial attacks are called
macrophages
The midpiece of a sperm cell contains many _____, which supply sperm with the energy needed to propel themselves through the female reproductive system
mitochondria
Which of the following is not a way that HIV is commonly transmitted?
mosquito bites
Information is carried from the central nervous system to a muscle or gland by
motor neurons
An autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the insulating material surrounding nerve cells
multiple sclerosis
Tendons are bands of tissue that connect
muscles to bones
All essential amino acids
must be obtained from the foods we eat
What part of a neuron is destroyed in multiple sclerosis?
myelin sheath
Refer to the illustration above. The structure is known as a
nephron
The basic functional unit of the kidney is the
nephron
Kidney dialysis simulates the filtering action of the
nephrons
The villi of the small intestine allow for an increase in the rate of
nutrient absorption
Chemoreceptors that detect odors are called ______ receptors
olfactory
Compact bone contains tightly packed
osteocytes
Eggs are produced in the
ovaries
A female gamete is called a(n)
ovum
The division of the autonomic nervous system that keeps you breathing when you fall asleep is the ____ division
parasympathetic
Because steroid hormones are fat soluble, they
pass through the cell membranes of their target cells
A disease-causing agent is called a(n)
pathogen
Vaccines are produced from killed or weakened
pathogens
Of the following, the structure that is not part of the axial skeleton is the
pectoral girdle
The wavelike contractions of muscle that move food through the digestive system are called
peristalsis
The structure that exchanges substances between mother and fetus is the
placenta
A heart attack can result from the blockage of a blood vessel because of
plaque buildup
Vitamins are organic compounds that
play important roles in metabolism
During childbirth, a woman's body produces oxytocin, which causes the uterus to contract. To maintain the contractions, more oxytocin is produced until the baby is born. This is an example of
positive feedback
Pepsin and hydrochloric acid in the stomach begin the digestion of
protein
The peripheral nervous system
provides pathways to and from the central nervous system
A muscle causes a bone to move by
pulling on the bone
The nutritional guide that lists the number of servings needed by your body daily from each food group is in the shape of a
pyramid
Refer to the illustration above. The cells shown are
red blood cells
Which of the following is the main function of sweat glands?
regulating body temperature
Neurotransmitters are
released at synapses
The heart and lungs are protected by the
rib cage
Refer to the illustration above. The chamber indicated by F is the
right atrium
The functional unit of muscle contraction is called the
sacromere
Repeating units of myosin and actin filaments bound by two Z lines are
sacromeres
The testes produce
sperm
Refer to the illustration above. The material labeled D is known as
spongy bone
Which type of cell goes through the determination process?
stem
Which of the following is a characteristic of thyroid hormones?
stimulate cell metabolism and growth
Refer to the illustration above. What is the name of the structure 5?
stomach
On a hot day, which of the following is an outward sign that thermoregulation is taking place?
sweating
Autoimmune disease occur when
the body manufactures "anti-self" antibodies
The central nervous system consists of
the brain and spinal cord
The ventricles are
the chambers of the heart that pump blood to the lungs and the rest of the body
Sensitivity to heat and cold is a function of
the dermis
The thin outer layer of the skin is
the epidermis
Most of the enzymes and chemicals secreted by the upper end of the small intestine come from
the liver and pancreas
Refer to the illustration above. The vessels indicated by C carry deoxygenated blood. The vessels are
the pulmonary arteries
Refer to the illustration above. The structure labeled C is
the uterus
The process of maintaining a steady body temperature is
thermoregulation
Hormones function so well to maintain homeostasis mainly because
they cause specific responses in specific cells
Sensory neurons transmit messages
to the spinal cord or brain
Refer to the illustration above. The structure labeled X is the
trachea
Pregnancy is often divided into three 3-month periods known as
trimesters
Urine leaves the body through the
urethra
An artery
usually carries oxygen-rich blood
If a blood vessel has valves, it probably is a(n)
vein
Flexors and extensors are examples of
voluntary muscles
Excess calories and fat in the diet cause all of the following except
weight loss
The embryo is formed
when the fertilized egg divides
Defending the body against bacterial infection and invasion by foreign substances is a function of
white blood cells
The body's first line of defense against infection includes all of the following except
white blood cells