Bio Pre-Test 2

Photosynthesis primarily occurs in which tissues of the leaf shown here?

1 and 5 (has image)

Water enters the leaf through structure _____, whereas carbon dioxide enters the leaf through structures located within _____.

3;5 (has image)

Monocot seeds differ from eudicot seeds because in monocot seeds

the endosperm is retained

Why don't new biological macromolecules form abiotically from nonliving matter on the Earth today?

the special environmental conditions that are required do not exist

In random mating

there is no factor influencing mate choice

Which of the following is not a typical function of the root system? a) anchorage b) absorption of nitrates c) absorption of water d) absorption of carbon dioxide e) absorption of minerals

absorption of carbon dioxide

What would you predict as a likely consequence of eradicating all fungi from soil before sowing it with plant seeds?

although the plants might grow, they would be unlikely to thrive due to the lack of mycorrhizal fungi

In what type of environment is being heterozygous in regards to the sickle-cell trait an advantage?

an environment that has malaria

Which two groups of primates share the closest ancestry? a) prosimians and gibbons b) new world monkeys and apes c) hominins and old world monkeys d) gibbons and prosimians e) apes and hominins

apes and hominins

Homologous structures

are often shared by organisms in the same line of descent

Animals are not a) multicellular b) heterotrophic c) motile d) autotrophic e) eukaryotic

autotrophic

Which of the following of the three domains contains prokaryotic organisms? a) bacteria b) archaea c) eukarya d) bacteria and archaea e) bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

bacteria and archaea

Short-day (long-night) plants

bloom after a certain length of continuous darkness

Which are the most numerous and diverse vertebrates?

bony fishes

The finches of the Galapagos Islands evolved as a result of what types of speciation?

both allopatric speciation and adaptive radiation

What characteristic is common of both genetic bottleneck and a founder effect?

both involve a decrease in a population's genetic diversity

Which of the following is not caused by an emerging virus? a) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) b) chickenpox c) bird flu d) ebola e) severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

chickenpox

Animals are thought to be most closely related to

choanoflagellates

What feature enables the paramecium to move? a) cilia b) contractile vacuole c) flagella d) nucleus e) pseudopodia

cilia

Which of these is mismatched? a) cilia - bacteria b) flagella - bacteria c) flagella - slime molds d) flagella - water molds e) pseudopods - amoebas

cilia-bacteria

What two properties of water are critical in moving water through xylem?

cohesion and adhesion

Which means of genetic recombination in bacteria often make use of pili? a) transformation b) transduction c) conjugation d) both transformation and transduction e) translocation

conjugation

Which fruit is most likely to be dispersed by the wind? a) dandelion b) apples c) walnut d) cocklebur e) cherry

dandelion

Which structure is a characteristic found only in angiosperms? a) vascular tissue b) seed c) leaf d) flower e) megaphyll

flower

If a plant has vascular tissue, megaphylls, and seeds, but not flowers, then it is a(n)

gymnosperm

A long-day (short-night) plant would most likely bloom only

in the summer

Which of these occurs during the bacteriophage lysogenic cycle but not the lytic cycle? a) attachment b) penetration c) integration d) biosynthesis e) maturation

integration

Which of the following does not represent a possible use for genetically modified crops? a) vaccine production b) improved yield c) herbicide resistance d) mass reproduction by asexual means only e) improved nutritional value

mass reproduction by asexual means only

Two species are said to be closely related if they

possess a common ancestor

Vessel elements are to xylem as _____ are to phloem.

sieve-tube members

Microevolution is the term that applies to which of the following?

small-scale changes over a short period of time

Refer to the figure shown here. Which structure(s) of a eudicot root is/are responsible for regulating the entry of minerals into the xylem?

2 (has image)

What evidence supports the idea that archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria?

Archaea and eukaryotes initiate transcription in the same fashion, share some ribosomal proteins, and have similar types of tRNA.

While excavating a cave in Spain, you stumble across a skeleton that looks to be human. Upon closer examination, you find that the bones are disproportionately short and thick, and the skull has massive brow ridges. Carefully arranged around the skeleton are a variety of stone tools. You have most likely found the remains of a(n) a) Cro-Magnon b) australopithecine c) early hominin d) Neandertal e) prosimian

Neandertal

A friend complains that all of her houseplants have bent stems. You examine the plants and find that their stems all curve toward the light. What would you recommend to your friend to correct the problem?

Turn each plant occasionally toward the light

Which event was not involved in the Permian mass extinction? a) dramatic environmental change b) shifting wind patterns c) shifting ocean currents d) a decrease in the amount of shallow marine habitat e) a large meteor impact

a large meteor impact

Plant growth in response to an environmental stimulus is called

a tropism

Which of the following does not generate variation within a population? a) genetic recombination b) independent assortment of alleles c) sexual reproduction d) mutation e) adaptation

adaption

Elaborate courtship behavior in animals, such as with the blue-footed boobies of the Galápagos Islands, is an example of which of the following reproductive barriers? a) behavioral isolation b) mechanical isolation c) temporal isolation d) postzygotic isolation e) hybrid sterility

behavioral isolation

When making bread, you first "proof" the yeast by mixing it with sugar in lukewarm water. Assuming that the yeast are alive, what happens next and why?

bubbles form as the yeast ferment the sugar and release carbon dioxide

Which of the following is not an advantage of genetically engineered plants? a) decreased yield b) herbicide resistance c) salt tolerance d) drought tolerance e) disease protection

decreased yield

Which of the following is not a method of asexual reproduction in plants? a) rhizomes b) stolons c) suckers d) tubers e) dry fruits

dry fruits

A fleshy fruit is more likely to use which of the following methods of seed dispersal?

eaten by animals and seeds passed through feces

Birds are not a) reptiles b) ectothermic c) amniotes d) chordates e) deuterostomes

ectothermic

Which plant tissue type forms a protective covering of the plant? a) epidermal b) vascular c) ground d) xylem e) parenchyma

epidermal

True/False Members of two different species are never capable of mating

false

True/False Plants are capable of directly absorbing nitrogen from the atmosphere

false

Which of the following is an incorrect match of structure to function? a) sepal - protection of flower b) filament - produces pollen c) petal - attracts pollinator d) ovary - contains female gametophyte e) stigma - allows pollen to adhere

filament - produces pollen

The pollen, or sperm, from a red maple tree is unable to fertilize the eggs from a sugar maple three. This is an example of what type of isolating mechanism?

gamete isolation

Plants undergo an alternation of generations. The _____ produces gametes that fuse to produce a new _____.

gametophyte; sporophyte

A fraction of the original green frog population survives to reproduce and generate a new population. If the survivors of the original population survived by chance, then this event is an example of

genetic drift

Which of the following is not a hominin? a) neandertal b) australopithecine c) homo erectus d) cro-magnon e) gorilla

gorilla

Which of these would be best able to reproduce during a period with little to no rainfall? a) lycophytes b) gymnosperms c) bryophytes d) ferns e) no plants can reproduce except during rainy weather.

gymnosperms

Which of these is mismatched? a) bryophytes - flagellated sperm b) lycophytes - microphylls c) ferns - megaphylls d) gymnosperms - fruits e) angiosperms - seeds

gymnosperms - fruits

Which of these is a unique characteristic of mammals? a) hair b) four-chambered heart c) extraembryonic membranes d) endothermic e) cephalization

hair

A(n) _____ is an individual animal that possesses both male and female sex organs.

hermaphrodite

In 2004, fossil skeletons of a new Homo species were discovered in Indonesia and named Homo floresiensis. Which factor was the key to classifying this species in the genus Homo? a) evidence of bipedalism b) resemblance to other hominins c) humanlike rather than apelike craniums d) evidence of being placental mammals e) evidence of mosaic evolution

humanlike rather than apelike craniums

Which of these is a primate, but not an anthropoid? a) chimpanzee b) baboon c) opossum d) human e) lemur

lemur

Beekeepers and scientists are very troubled by a recent decline in bee populations around the world. What would you predict as a likely consequence of the widespread disappearance of bees?

loss of crop productivity

An advantage of using genetically modified plants is that they

may possess superior characteristics to the original plant

The presence of which feature is the first step to being classified in domain Eukarya? a) membrane-bound nucleus b) ribosomes c) cell wall d) chloroplast e) mitochondria

membrane bound nucleus

Which of the following does not provide support for the endosymbiotic hypothesis?

mitochondria and chloroplasts contribute to different metabolic processes in the eukaryotic cell

Evolutionary relationships between organisms are determined by

molecular evidence, anatomical homologies, and fossil records

Plants with both female and male flowers on the same plant are called

monoecious

Which of these would you expect to thrive in areas with abundant moisture? a) ferns only b) mosses only c) lycophytes only d) mosses and ferns but not lycophytes e) mosses, ferns, and lycophytes

mosses, ferns, and lycophytes

In the process of natural selection, individuals that are most fit are the ones that are

most likely to reproduce

Many garden supply stores sell root dips used to treat plants that are being transplanted. Such dips are advertised as containing spores. What kind of spores should these dips contain?

mycorrhizal fungi

If the survivors of an original population survived due to specific phenotypes that they possessed, then this event is an example of

natural selectionMicro

Flowering in most plants is triggered by

night length

Which nutrient tends to become depleted due to traditional farming practices? a) nitrogen b) sulfur c) calcium d) phosphate e) hydrogen

nitrogen

Which of the following is not a function of stems? a) photosynthesis b) water storage c) food storage d) nitrogen fixation e) attachment and support

nitrogen fixation

If people with freckles preferentially mated with other people with freckles, this would be an example of

nonrandom mating

By definition, a fruit is derived from the

ovary

Plant reproduction by tissue culture differs from reproduction by meristem culture because

plants produced by meristem culture are clones, whereas tissue culture does not produce genetically identical plants.

Which of the following are acellular? a) prions b) protozoans c) archaea d) algae e) bacteria

prions

In the three-domain system of classification

prokaryotes are classified into tow domains, with the organisms in domain archaea more similar to eukaryotes than to the prokaryotes in domain bacteria

Which of the following groups contains at least some members that have cell walls? a) protists only b) bacteria only c) archaea only d) prokaryotes only e) protists, bacteria, and archaea

protists, bacteria, and archaea

You wish to change the growth pattern of the shrubs in your yard to give them a fuller, more bushy appearance. This could be accomplished by

pruning the shoot tip

The main reason reptiles are so well-adapted to land environment is their method of

reproduction

What advantages do root hairs give to a plant?

root hairs increase the surface area available for water absorption

Bacteria that secrete digestive enzymes into their surroundings in order to decompose nonliving organic matter are called

saprotrophs

Most fungi in the environment function as

saprotrophs

A female peacock chooses a mate based on showy plumage and courtship dance. This is an example of

sexual selection

Which plant system will consist of the terminal bud, blade, petiole, and node? a) shoot system b) root system c) vascular system d) epidermal tissue e) ground tissue

shoot system

Plants undergo an alternation of generations. This means that the _____ produces spores, which develop into the _____

sporophyte; gametophyte

Which plant structure will open and close in response to turgor pressure, helping to regulate transpiration? a) stomata b) stoma c) stroma d) xylem e) trichomes

stomata

Which of the following is not a function of the flower in an angiosperm? a) producing fruit b) protection of the gametophyte c) attracting pollinators d) producing spores e) supporting the plant

supporting the plant

Primary growth occurs from the a) pericycle b) nodes c) axils d) terminal bud e) root hairs

terminal bud

Which of the following individuals would be considered the fittest? a) the individual that has the longest teeth b) the individual that has the greatest number of breeding opportunities c) the individual that has the best camouflage to avoid predators d) the individual that controls the largest territory e) the individual that has the greatest number of offspring

the individual that has the greatest number of offspring

What is a plant's typical response to water stress? a) The stomata will close. b) The plasmodesmata will close. c) Water will enter the guard cells causing them to swell. d) Turgor pressure will increase. e) The plant will increase the rate of photosynthesis.

the stoma will close

Since plant sperm are nonflagellated, how do they reach the ovule from the stigma?

they are delivered by a pollen tube

Mineral transport in plants occurs

through xylem tissue as the water column is pulled upward

A nursery wishes to produce a large number of carrot plants for sale in the spring. The nursery will most likely use which technique? a) tissue culture b) hybridization c) cuttings d) anther culture e) meristem culture

tissue culture

Significant mass extinction occurred during which of the following periods? a) Pleistocene, Ordovician, and Triassic b) Ordovician, Triassic, and Jurassic c) Triassic, Permian, and Cretaceous d) Triassic, Permian, Cretaceous, Pleistocene, Ordovician, and Devonian e) Ordovician, Triassic, Jurassic, Silurian, Eocene, and Oligocene

triassic, permian, cretaceous, pleistocene, ordovician, and devonian

Endosperm is a ________ tissue.

triploid (3n)

True/False An increase in the amount of protein produced is an advantage of using plants to develop products for the pharmaceutical industry

true

True/False Micronutrients that are needed by plants as enzyme cofactors are also needed by humans for the same reason

true

True/False Transport in xylem is typically upward, while transport in phloem can be in any direction in the plant

true

Biotic environments that influence natural selection include all but which of the following? a) competition b) predation c) parasitism d) weather e) disease

weather

Which of the following correctly describes a major difference between monocot and eudicot plants? a) Xylem and phloem occur in a ring in a eudicot stem, while phloem occur between arms of xylem in a monocot stem. b) Xylem and phloem occur in a ring in a monocot root, while phloem occur between arms of xylem in a eudicot root. c) Xylem and phloem occur in a ring in a eudicot root, while phloem occur between arms of xylem in a monocot root. d) Xylem and phloem occur in a ring in a monocot stem, while phloem occur between arms of xylem in a eudicot stem. e) Xylem and phloem occur in a ring in a monocot stem, while xylem and phloem occur in scattered bundles in a eudicot stem.

xylem and phloem occur in a ring in a monocot root, while phloem occur between arms of xylem in a eudicot root