bio test 2

B) root hairs

1. Which part of a plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil? A) Root cap B) root hairs C) storage roots D) the thick parts of the roots near the base of the stem.

D) a parenchyma cell near the root tip

10. Which of the following cell types retains the ability to undergo cell division? A) a stem fiber B) a tracheid C) a functional sieve tube element D) a parenchyma cell near the root tip

C) elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem.

11. The driving force that pushes the root tip though the soil is primarily_______. A) continuous cell division of root cap cells B) continuous cell division just behind the root cap in the center of the apical meristem C) elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem. D) continuous cell division in the root cap at the tip of the root.

D) pericycle

12. Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots? A) epidermis B) endodermis C) phloem D) pericycle

B) do not produce wood annual rings

13. Monocot vascular bundles do not have a vascular cambium between the xylem and the phloem. This means that monocots______. A) are much less efficient at conducting water and sugars. B) do not produce wood annual rings C) cannot produce lateral shoots D) have very thin stems

B) it is probably a monocot

14. You find a plant unfamiliar to you and observe that it has vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem cross section. What do you conclude about the plant? A) it could be either a young edict or a monocot. B) it is probably a monocot C) it is probably an herbaceous edict D) it will probably get annual rings of wood.

D) 1.5

15. As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground. fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters. About how many meters above the ground is the nail? A) 3.0 B) 0.5 C) 15.0 D) 1.5

C) zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of differentiation

16. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the zones in the primary growth of a root, moving from the root cap inward? A) zone of cell division, zone of differentiation, zone of elongation. B) zone of differentiation, zone of elongation, zone of cell division C) zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of differentiation D) zone of elongation, zone of cell division, zone of differentiation

D) Tracheid- vascular tissue

17. Which structure is correctly paired with its tissue system? A) Guard cell-vascular tissue B) Root hair- vascular tissue C) Companion cell- ground tissue D) Tracheid- vascular tissue

C) If you mow two inches above ground level, the apical meristem can keep producing new cells.

18. Apical meristems of dicots are at the tips of stems. Apical meristems of grasses are at ground level or slightly below, concealed by leaves. What does this mean when considering care of a lawn or soccer field? A) If you mow two inches above ground level, most apical meristems will be cut down. B) If you mow right at ground level, the leaves can keep growing with no problem. C) If you mow two inches above ground level, the apical meristem can keep producing new cells. D) Grass mowed two inches above ground level grows at a slower rate compared to grass mowed three inches above the ground level.

C) Biennial

19. A plant that grows one year, dies back, and then grows again the following year, produces flowers and then dies would be considered______. A) Not very fit B) Perennial C) Biennial D) Annual

D) support tall, top-heavy plant

2. Prop roots are the modified aerial adventitious root of corn that ________. A) wrap around other plants to support tall, top-heavy plants B) enable the roots system to anchor C) enable the root system to obtain oxygen D) support tall, top-heavy plant

C) number of apical bud scar rings

20. which of the following can be used to determine a twig's age? A) number of leaf scars B) length of internodes C) number of apical bud scar rings D) number and arrangement of auxillary buds

D) Secondary xylem

21. which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity? A) Leaves B) Tubers C) Trichomes D) Secondary xylem

A) Collenchyma cells

23. which of the following have unevenly thickened primary walls that support young, growing parts of the plant? A) Collenchyma cells B) Sclerenchyma cells C) Tracheids and vessel elements D) Parenchyma cells

A) Indetermine

24. compared to most animals, the growth of most plant structure is best described as______. A) Indetermine B) Primary C) Weedy D) Perennial

A) Are undifferentiated cells that produce new cells

25. plant meristematic cells______. A) Are undifferentiated cells that produce new cells B) Are distributed evenly in all tissues thoughout C) Subdivide into three distinct cell types named parenchyma, ground meristems, and procambium D) Increase the surface area of dermal tissue by developing root hairs

D) Sieve-tube elements

26. Which of the following cells transport sugars over long distances? A) Sclerenchyma cells B) Tracheids and vessel elements C) Parenchyma cells D) Sieve-tube elements

C) Guard cells- waterproof ring of cells surrounding the central stele in roots

27. Which of the following is correctly paired with its structure and function? A) Periderm- parenchyma cells functioning in photosynthesis in leaves B) Sclerenchyma- supporting cells with thick secondary walls C) Guard cells- waterproof ring of cells surrounding the central stele in roots D) Ground meristem- protective coat of woody stems and roots

D) Tracheids and vessel elements

28. which of the following are water-conducting cells that are dead at functional maturity? A) Parenchyma cells B) Sieve-tube elements C) Collenchyma cells D) Tracheids and vessel elements

B) 2 only

29. the following question is based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure. Refer to the figure. A monocot stem is represented by_____. A) 1 only B) 2 only C) 3 only D) 4 only

C) stolons

3. strawberries have modified horizontal shoots growing along the surface, which are referred to as________. A) tubers B) rhizoids C) stolons D) rhizomes

B) 4 only

30. the following question is based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure. Refer to the figure. A woody eudicot is represented by_____. A) 1 only B) 4 only C) 1 and 2 D) 3 only

D) 4 only

31. the following question is based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure. Refer to the figure. A plant that is at least three years old is represented by_____. A) 1 only B) 2 only C) 3 only D) 4 only

A) Parenchyma

32. A student examining leaf cross sections under a microscope finds many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls. The cells have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are they? A) Parenchyma B) Collenchyma C) Endodermis D) Sclerenchyma

D) 1, 2, and 3

33. the veins of leaves are_______. 1. Composed of xylem and phloem 2. Continuous, with vascular bundles in the stem and roots 3. Finely branched to be in close contact with photosynthesizing cells A) only 1 B) only 2 C) only 3 D) 1, 2, and 3

D) Retention of water

34. The following diagram is of the cross section of a plant leaf. Use the diagram to answer the question. The main function associated with structure X is_____. A) Collection of light B) Absorption of carbon dioxide C) Release of carbon dioxide D) Retention of water

C) Absorption of carbon dioxide

35. The following diagram is of the cross section of a plant leaf. Use the diagram to answer the question. The main function associated with structure Y is_____. A) Release of carbon dioxide B) Retention of water C) Absorption of carbon dioxide D) Collection of light

A) Second xylem

36. what tissue makes up most of the wood of a tree? A) Second xylem B) Vascular cambium C) Secondary phloem D) Primary xylem

C) Woody eudicot

37. a plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system, several growth rings evident in a cross section of the stem, and a layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best describes the plant? A) Woody monocot B) Herbaceous eudicot C) Woody eudicot D) Herbaceous monocot

A) The annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark

38. If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the center of a large redwood tree, when you excited from the middle of the trunk (stem) outward, you would cross, in order, ________. A) The annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark B) Secondary xylem, cork cambium, phloem, and periderm C) The secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and vascular cambium D) The vascular cambium, oldest xylem, and newest xylem

D) secondary xylem

39. Heartwood and sapwood consists of_____. A) Cork b) periderm C) secondary phloem D) secondary xylem

D) lateral branch, thrown, and flower.

4. An axillary bud in the stem can potentially from a_______ in a variety of plants based on evolutionary adaptations. A) flower. B) thorn. C) lateral branch. D) lateral branch, thrown, and flower.

B) Secondary phloem and layers of periderm

40. the bark of a tree trunk is made up of_____. A) Secondary phloem B) Secondary phloem and layers of periderm C) Heart wood and sap wood D) Heartwood

D) 1, 2, and 3

41. growth and development of plant parts involves_______. 1. cell division to produce new cells 2. enlargement and elongation of cells 3. specialization of cells into its tissues A) only 1 B) only 2 C) only 3 D) 1, 2, and 3

A) A change in the morphology of the leaves produced

42. the phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the mature vegetative phase is often revealed by_____. A) A change in the morphology of the leaves produced B) A change in the orientation of preprophase bands and cytoplasmic mircotubles in lateral meristems C) The initiation of secondary growth D) The activation of floral meristem identity genes.

C) Cell differentiation depends largely on the control of gene expression

43. Totipotency is a term used to describe a cells ability to give rise to a complete new organism. In plants, this means that_____. A) A cell's environment has no effect on its differentiation B) Plant development is not under generic control C) Cell differentiation depends largely on the control of gene expression D) The cells of shoots and the cells of roots have different genes.

D) storage

5. Onion leaves have been modified for the purpose of_____. A) defense (protect from predators) B) supports C) reproduction D) storage

A) large axillary buds

6. When you eat Brussel sprouts, you are eating______. A) large axillary buds B) storage leaves C) immature flower D) petioles

D) water retention and carbon dioxide absorption

7. Leaf thickness represents a trade-off between______. A) water retention and oxygen absorption B) light collection and carbon dioxide absorption C) light collection and oxygen absorption D) water retention and carbon dioxide absorption

A) a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots

8. One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of the leaves is that ______. A) a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots B) vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves C) only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem. D) leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not E) roots cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not

C) stele

9. The vascular bundle in the shape of a single central cylinder in a root is called the_______. A) cortex B) periderm C) stele D) pith