Bio Unit 2
Eukaryote
A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Organ
A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
Tissue
A group of similar cells that perform the same function.
Flagella
A long, whip-like filament that helps in cell motility. Many bacteria are flagellated, and sperm are flagellated.
aquaporin
A membrane protein, specifically a transport protein, that facilitates the passage of water through channel proteins.
Cytoskeleton
A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement - made of microfilaments and microtubules
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.
Organelle
A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell
Prokayote
A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
How were cells discovered?
In 1664, Robert Hooke viewed a thin slice of cork through a microscope. When looking under the microscope, he saw dozens of tiny rectangular compartments which he then called cells.
Ribosome
Makes proteins
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
facilitated diffusion
Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell
What do Vacuoles and vesicles store?
Proteins, Water, Salts and Carbohydrates
What are the three organelles that build proteins?
Ribosomes,ER, and golgi apparatus.
What is the difference between rough and smooth ER
Rough has ribosomes and makes proteins , smooth does not and makes lipids and carbohydrates
Lysosomes
cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down lipids, carbohydrates and proteins in the cell as a cleanup crew
Cell boundaries
cell wall and cell membrane cell wall is in front of membrane cell wall are only in plant
What organelles capture and release energy?
chloroplasts and mitochondria
lipid bilayer
gives cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings
organ system
group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
cell theory
idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells
Receptor
on or in a cell, a specific protein to whose shape fits that of a specific molecular messenger, such as a hormone
What are the three kinds of passive transport?
osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion
Homeostasis
process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
Cilia
short tiny hair-like projections used to move a cell or to move things past a cell made from microtubules 9+2
cell
smallest unit of life
Golgi apparatus
stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
cell wall
strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells
microtubule
supports cell and aids in cell movement looks like a straw and maintains shape
osmotic pressure
the external pressure that must be applied to stop osmosis
Cytoplasm
the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
How are mitochondria like electric power plants?
they are the power houses
cell membrane
thin, flexible barrier around a cell; controls what enters and leaves the cell
microfilament
threadlike structures made of protein called actin and Produce a flexible framework for the cell
Hypertonic
when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes
Hypotonic
when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes
Isotonic
when the concentration of two solutions is the same
Nucleus
Control Center of cell - in the center-part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
What is the difference between flagella and cilia?
Flagella are few and long. Cilia are many and short They look the same but their movement speed is very different
Chloroplast
An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
How is a cells cytoplasm like a factory floor?
Because the cell is like a factory and cytoplasm is the material of the inside of the cell
Vacuole
Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
What is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
Simple passive diffusion occurs when small molecules pass through the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane. Facilitated diffusion depends on carrier proteins imbedded in the membrane to allow specific substances to pass through, that might not be able to diffuse through the cell membrane.
fluid mosaic model
Structural model of the plasma membrane where molecules are free to move sideways within a lipid bilayer
How is a cells cytoskeleton like the girders and beams of the warehouse?
The cytoskeleton is the internal framework that gives each cell its distinctive shape. The structural steel beams are the support for the buildings or bridges.
Does the rough ER or smooth ER send portions to the Golgi Apparatus?
The rough ER
How are chloroplasts like solar panels?
They are both using the suns light to provide for everyone with power
what organelles store clean up and support?
Vacuoles and vesicles,Lysosomes Cytoskeloton
selectively permeable
a property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot