Bio Unit 2

Eukaryote

A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Organ

A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body

Tissue

A group of similar cells that perform the same function.

Flagella

A long, whip-like filament that helps in cell motility. Many bacteria are flagellated, and sperm are flagellated.

aquaporin

A membrane protein, specifically a transport protein, that facilitates the passage of water through channel proteins.

Cytoskeleton

A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement - made of microfilaments and microtubules

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.

Organelle

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

Prokayote

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

How were cells discovered?

In 1664, Robert Hooke viewed a thin slice of cork through a microscope. When looking under the microscope, he saw dozens of tiny rectangular compartments which he then called cells.

Ribosome

Makes proteins

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

facilitated diffusion

Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell

What do Vacuoles and vesicles store?

Proteins, Water, Salts and Carbohydrates

What are the three organelles that build proteins?

Ribosomes,ER, and golgi apparatus.

What is the difference between rough and smooth ER

Rough has ribosomes and makes proteins , smooth does not and makes lipids and carbohydrates

Lysosomes

cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down lipids, carbohydrates and proteins in the cell as a cleanup crew

Cell boundaries

cell wall and cell membrane cell wall is in front of membrane cell wall are only in plant

What organelles capture and release energy?

chloroplasts and mitochondria

lipid bilayer

gives cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings

organ system

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

cell theory

idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells

Receptor

on or in a cell, a specific protein to whose shape fits that of a specific molecular messenger, such as a hormone

What are the three kinds of passive transport?

osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion

Homeostasis

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

Cilia

short tiny hair-like projections used to move a cell or to move things past a cell made from microtubules 9+2

cell

smallest unit of life

Golgi apparatus

stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum

cell wall

strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells

microtubule

supports cell and aids in cell movement looks like a straw and maintains shape

osmotic pressure

the external pressure that must be applied to stop osmosis

Cytoplasm

the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.

How are mitochondria like electric power plants?

they are the power houses

cell membrane

thin, flexible barrier around a cell; controls what enters and leaves the cell

microfilament

threadlike structures made of protein called actin and Produce a flexible framework for the cell

Hypertonic

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes

Hypotonic

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes

Isotonic

when the concentration of two solutions is the same

Nucleus

Control Center of cell - in the center-part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

Osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

What is the difference between flagella and cilia?

Flagella are few and long. Cilia are many and short They look the same but their movement speed is very different

Chloroplast

An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs

How is a cells cytoplasm like a factory floor?

Because the cell is like a factory and cytoplasm is the material of the inside of the cell

Vacuole

Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

What is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Simple passive diffusion occurs when small molecules pass through the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane. Facilitated diffusion depends on carrier proteins imbedded in the membrane to allow specific substances to pass through, that might not be able to diffuse through the cell membrane.

fluid mosaic model

Structural model of the plasma membrane where molecules are free to move sideways within a lipid bilayer

How is a cells cytoskeleton like the girders and beams of the warehouse?

The cytoskeleton is the internal framework that gives each cell its distinctive shape. The structural steel beams are the support for the buildings or bridges.

Does the rough ER or smooth ER send portions to the Golgi Apparatus?

The rough ER

How are chloroplasts like solar panels?

They are both using the suns light to provide for everyone with power

what organelles store clean up and support?

Vacuoles and vesicles,Lysosomes Cytoskeloton

selectively permeable

a property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot