BIO150: Acellular Pathogens Quiz

Which of the following is the host-cell receptor that recognizes human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)? a. CD4 b. CD8 c. Gp120 d. sialic acid

CD4

True or false** A zoonosis can only be transmitted from animals to humans.

False

True or false** Any virus can infect any host cell.

False

True or false** There is a cure for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.

False

True or false** Viruses are facultative intracellular pathogens.

False

Which of the following is not a property of a virus? a. It is an infectious cellular pathogen. b. It is an obligate intracellular pathogen. c. Its genome consists of DNA or RNA. d. Its genome is surrounded by a protein capsid.

It is an infectious cellular pathogen.

(−)ssRNA is transcribed into (+)ssRNA using which of the following? a. DNA polymerase encoded by the host cell b. DNA polymerase encoded by the virus c. RNA polymerase encoded by the host cell d. RNA polymerase encoded by the virus

RNA polymerase encoded by the virus

Arthropods typically serve as which mechanism of transmission for viruses? a. biological vector b. fomite c. mechanical vector d. both as fomites and as vectors

biological vector

Reverse transcriptase is used to generate which nucleic acid from RNA? a. cDNA b. dsRNA c. (+)ssRNA d. (−)ssRNA

cDNA

Viruses can be visualized using which method? a. compound light microscope b. electron microscope c. the naked eye d. ultraviolet rays

electron microscope

True or false** Prion diseases cannot be transmitted from one generation to the next.

false

True or false** The hemagglutinin assay can only identify infectious virus particles.

false

Which method cannot be used to detect virus in a patient's serum? a. EIA b. hemagglutinin assay c. growth in pure culture d. RT-PCR

growth in pure culture

The excision of the viral genome from the host chromosome is known as which of the following? a. induction b. lysogeny c. phage conversion d. transduction

induction

Which effect does tomato planta macho viroids have on the crop? a. browning of fruit b. crown-gall formation c. loss of chlorophyll d. lysis of root cells

loss of chlorophyll

Which unit of length best describes the average size of a virion? a. mm b. µm c. nm d. pm

nm

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, are caused by which of the following? a. bacterium b. fungus c. prion d. virus

prion

In the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophages, the integrated phage genome is known as which of the following? a. prophage b. provirus c. virioid d. virion

prophage

In retroviruses, the integrated phage genome is known as which of the following? a. prophage b. provirus c. virioid d. virion

provirus

Which of the following is a novel enzyme found in retroviruses? a. forward transcriptase b. retrotranscriptase c. reverse transcriptase d. Taq polymerase

reverse transcriptase

The liquid portion of blood that does not contain clotting factors is known as which of the following? a. erythrocytes b. plasma c. platelets d. serum

serum

Chicken pox can reemerge as which disease? a. cowpox b. genital warts c. shingles d. smallpox

shingles

The Baltimore Classification system describes viruses according to which characteristic? a. capsid shape b. host-cell susceptibility c. the presence or absence of an envelope d. the viral genome

the viral genome

Which mechanism of horizontal gene transfer relies on the use of viruses? a. conjugation b. mutation c. transduction d. transformation

transduction

True or false** RT-PCR relies on an enzyme encoded by retroviruses.

true

An acellular entity composed of a small circular RNA molecule without a capsid and capable of replicating its genome is known as which of the following? a. satellite RNA b. virion c. viroid d. virusoid

viroid

An acellular entity composed of a small circular RNA molecule without a capsid and is not capable of replicating its genome is known as which of the following? a. provirus b. virion c. viroid d. virusoid

virusoid

True or false** (+)ssRNA can be directly used in translation at the ribosome.

True

True or false** Most plant viruses do not kill their host.

True

True or false** Satellite RNAs can encode for protein.

True

Which scientist first discovered prions? a. Dimitri Ivanovski b. Edward Jenner c. Henrietta Lacks d. Stanley Prusiner

Stanley Prusiner

A bacteriophage infects a host cell and the genome integrates itself into the host chromosome. Sometime later, the phage is excised along with a short piece of DNA adjacent to the insertion point. Both the phage DNA and the host DNA are packaged into the same capsid. The bacteriophage then infects a new cell, delivering both phage and bacterial DNA. Which process is being described in this scenario? a. The lysogenic cycle, reactivating as the lytic cycle, followed by generalized transduction b. The lysogenic cycle, reactivating as the lytic cycle, followed by specialized transduction c. The lytic cycle, reactivating as the lysogenic cycle, followed by generalized transduction d. The lytic cycle, reactivating as the lysogenic cycle, followed by specialized transduction

The lysogenic cycle, reactivating as the lytic cycle, followed by specialized transduction

You are a nurse and you suspect that you may have been exposed to a particular virus. You and your health care provider decide to perform a hemagglutinin assay. A sample of your serum is taken and added to a sample of virus. Next, the virus and serum sample are added to erythrocytes. Upon examination, you do not see any agglutination occurring. Which can you conclude from these results? a. The test result suggests you may have been exposed to the virus, and your serum contains antibodies against the virus. b. The test result suggests you may have been exposed to the virus, but your serum does not contain antibodies against the virus. c. The test result suggests you may not have been exposed to the virus. d. You cannot make a conclusion from the information given.

The test result suggests you may have been exposed to the virus, and your serum contains antibodies against the virus.

Which of the following viruses does not cause latent infections? a. adenovirus b. Epstein-Barr virus c. herpes simplex virus d. varicella-zoster virus

adenovirus

Which of the following properly lists (in order) the steps of viral replication? a. attachment --> lysis --> penetration --> biosynthesis --> maturation b. attachment --> penetration --> biosynthesis --> maturation --> lysis c. biosynthesis --> attachment --> penetration --> lysis --> maturation d. penetration --> biosynthesis --> lysis --> attachment --> maturation

attachment --> penetration --> biosynthesis --> maturation --> lysis