BIO202 18.5 Hemostasis
__________ promote the formation of a fibrin clot.
Clotting factors
An insoluble filamentous protein derived from fibrinogen.
Fibrin
Insoluble, filamentous protein that forms the structure of a blood clot.
Fibrin
Excessive clotting
Thrombosis
Factor _____ is not used.
VI
How many clotting factors are there?
12
What is ADP?
Adenosine diphosphate
__________ helps additional platelets to adhere to the injury site, reinforcing and expanding the platelet plug.
Adenosine diphosphate
Any substance that opposes coagulation.
Anticoagulant
Factor VIII is __________.
Antihemolytic factor A
Factor IX is __________.
Antihemolytic factor B
Anticoagulant that inactivates factor X and opposes the conversion of prothrombin (factor II) into thrombin in the common pathway.
Antithrombin
__________ inactivates factor X and opposes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in the common pathway.
Antithrombin
__________ release heparin.
Basophils
The __________ is considered clotting factor IV.
Calcium ion
The __________, factor IV, is derived from the diet and from the breakdown of bone.
Calcium ion
The __________ of smooth muscle tend to constrict the flow of blood.
Circular layer
Chemicals called __________ prompt reactions that activate still more coagulation factors.
Clotting factors
Group of 12 identified substances active in coagulation.
Clotting factors
The liver requires the fat-soluble vitamin K to produce many of the __________.
Clotting factors
__________ are secreted primarily by the liver and the platelets.
Clotting factors
Blood clotting.
Coagulation
The formation of a blood clot.
Coagulation
The result of __________ is the production of a gelatinous but robust clot made up of a mesh of fibrin.
Coagulation
__________ enables the repair of the vessel wall once the leakage of blood has stopped.
Coagulation
Final coagulation pathway activated either by the intrinsic or the extrinsic pathway, and ending in the formation of a blood clot.
Common pathway
It is the __________ in which fibrin is produced to seal off the vessel.
Common pathway
Prothrombin is converted to thrombin during the ________.
Common pathway
The extrinsic and intrinsic pathways merge into a third pathway, referred to as the __________.
Common pathway
Platelets encounter the area of vessel rupture with the exposed underlying __________ and __________.
Connective tissue, collagenous fibers
The intrinsic pathway is also known as the __________.
Contact activation pathway
When it becomes trapped, an embolus is called an __________.
Embolism
A thrombus that has broken free from the vessel wall and is circulating in the bloodstream.
Embolus
Thrombus that has broken free from the blood vessel wall and entered the circulation.
Embolus
When a portion of a thrombus breaks free from the vessel wall and enters the circulation, what is it referred to as?
Embolus
__________ are released by vessel-lining cells and by pain receptors in response to vessel injury.
Endothelins
The __________ pathway is normally triggered by trauma.
Extrinsic
Initial coagulation pathway that begins with tissue damage and results in the activation of the common pathway.
Extrinsic pathway
Order of the extrinsic pathway starting with factor III.
Factor III, Ca2+, factor VII, factor X, common pathway
Which factor is derived from the diet and from the breakdown of bone?
Factor IV
Order of the common pathway starting with factor X.
Factor X, factor II, thrombin, factor I, factor XIII
Within the body, __________ is typically activated when it encounters negatively charged molecules.
Factor XII
Order of the intrinsic pathway starting with factor XII.
Factor XII, factor XI, factor IX, factor VIII, factor X, common pathway
The result of coagulation is the production of a gelatinous but robust clot made up of a mesh of __________.
Fibrin
Factor XIII is __________.
Fibrin-stabilizing factor
Factor I is __________.
Fibrinogen
Gradual degradation of a blood clot.
Fibrinolysis
The gradual degradation of a clot.
Fibrinolysis
The process in which a clot is degraded in a healing vessel.
Fibrinolysis
Factor XII is __________.
Hageman factor
Genetic disorder characterized by inadequate synthesis of clotting factors.
Hemophilia
Genetic disorder of inadequate production of functional amounts of one or more clotting factors.
Hemophilia
__________ is characterized by inadequate production of clotting factors.
Hemophilia
This disorder results in the inability to synthesize sufficient quantities of factor VIII.
Hemophilia A
A rare condition that is triggered by an autosomal (not sex) chromosome that renders factor XI nonfunctional.
Hemophilia C
Excessive bleeding.
Hemorrhage
Physiological process by which bleeding ceases.
Hemostasis
The physiological process by which bleeding ceases.
Hemostasis
The process by which the blood seals a ruptured blood vessel and prevents further loss of blood.
Hemostasis
A short-acting anticoagulant that also opposes prothrombin.
Heparin
The calcium ion is considered clotting factor _____.
IV
The __________ pathway begins in the bloodstream.
Intrinsic
The __________ pathway is triggered by internal damage to the wall of the vessel.
Intrinsic
When blood contacts glass, the __________ is initiated.
Intrinsic coagulation pathway
Clotting factors are secreted primarily by the __________ and the __________.
Liver, platelets
The events in the intrinsic pathway are completed in a few __________.
Minutes
In platelet plug formation, the von Willebrand factor helps stabilize the growing __________.
Platelet plug
__________ temporarily seals small openings in the vessel.
Platelet plug formation
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is very effective at inhibiting the aggregation of __________.
Platelets
__________ encounter the area of vessel rupture with the exposed underlying connective tissue and collagenous fibers.
Platelets
Factor V is __________.
Proaccelerin
Factor VII is __________.
Proconvertin
A cluster of proteins.
Protein C system
Factor II is __________.
Prothrombin
As platelets collect, they simultaneously __________ that further contribute to hemostasis.
Release chemicals
The events in the extrinsic pathway are completed in a matter of __________.
Seconds
__________ maintains vasoconstriction.
Serotonin
Blood plasma without its clotting factors.
Serum
Factor X is __________.
Stuart-Prower factor
A thrombolytic agent is a medication that promotes the breakup of __________.
Thrombi
Struart-Prower factor is also known as __________.
Thrombokinase
A class of drugs collectively known as __________ can help speed up the degradation of an abnormal clot.
Thrombolytic agents
A condition characterized by excessive numbers of platelets that increases the risk for excessive clot formation.
Thrombosis
A __________ can seriously impede blood flow to or from a region and will cause a local increase in blood pressure.
Thrombus
A collection of fibrin, platelets, and erythrocytes that has accumulated along the lining of a blood vessel.
Thrombus
An aggregation of platelets, erythrocytes, and even WBCs typically trapped within a mass of fibrin strands.
Thrombus
In a thrombotic stroke, a blood vessel to the brain has been blocked by a __________.
Thrombus
The quicker responding and more direct extrinsic pathway is also known as the __________.
Tissue factor pathway
TFPI
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor
Factor III is __________.
Tissue thromboplastin
In __________, the smooth muscle in the walls of the vessel contracts dramatically.
Vascular spasm
The __________ response is believed to be triggered by several chemicals called endothelins.
Vascular spasm
The first step in hemostasis is ________.
Vascular spasm
__________ constricts the flow of blood.
Vascular spasm
The three steps to hemostasis.
Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation
Bradykinin is a __________.
Vasodilator
The liver requires the fat-soluble __________ to produce many of the clotting factors.
Vitamin K
In platelet plug formation, the __________ helps stabilize the growing platelet plug.
Von Willebrand factor
The process of platelets clumping together is assisted by a glycoprotein in the blood plasma called __________.
Von Willebrand factor
Clotting factors promote the formation of a __________.
fibrin clot
