Biochemistry Cammann

Which reaction is an important part of the catabolic process in cells?

Breakdown of proteins into amino acids

What happens in a voltaic called?

Chemical energy is changed to electrical energy

Which of the following statements is true about the function of DNA in the body?

DNA stores the information needed to make protein

A triglyceride is a compound of glycerol and three ___________.

Fatty acids

Substitutions, additions, or deletions of one or more nucleotides in a DNA molecule are called ____________.

Gene mutations

The repeating unit of cellulose is

Glucose

What process occurs during the corrosion of iron?

Iron is oxidized

Nucleotides

Monomers that make up DNA and RNA

Why is oxygen reduced in the reaction of hydrogen with oxygen to make water?

Oxygen pulls electrons toward itself

A solution is a mixture

That has the same properties throughout

The fundamental unit of life is ______________.

The cell

Which part of a phospholipid molecule is NON-POLAR and HYDROPHOBIC

The lipid tails

Which atom in a water molecule has the greatest electronegativity

The oxygen atom

Why is a nonpolar substance able to dissolve a different nonpolar substance?

They have similar attractive forces in their molecules

A nitrogen base found in DNA but NOT RNA

Thymine

How do lipids differ from most other biological molecules?

A large part of each molecule in a lipid is hydrophobic

Why does aluminum tend not to corrode as much as iron when it is exposed to moist air?

A layer of aluminum oxide protects the metal beneath

Monosaccharide

A simple carbohydrate molecule

Disaccharide

A sugar that forms from two monosaccharides

A peptide bond is a bond between which functional groups?

Amino and carboxyl

Peptide

Any combination of amino acids in which the amino group of one acid is united with the carboxyl group of another through an amide bond

Amino Acid

Any compound that contains an amino group and a carboxyl group in the same molecule

What is the shape of the water molecule?

Bent

Simple sugars are also called what?

Monosaccharides

Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine and uracilo are all ________________.

Nitrogen bases used to make nucleotides

Nucleic acid

Nitrogen-containing polymers found primarily in cell nuclei

A _______________ is made up of sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate group

Nucleotide

Polysaccharide

Polymers produced by the linkage of monosaccharide monomers

Which type of reaction is the conversion of iron oxide to iron and oxygen?

Reduction

Which electrode is labeled as positive in a voltaic cell?

cathode

If an atom is reduced in a redox reaction, what must happen to another atom in the system?

It must be oxidized

The bonds between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule are ___________________.

Polar covalent bonds

Differences between amino acids are normally due to differences in which part of the molecule?

Side chain

What is the term for the dissolving medium in a solution?

Solvent

What occurs in solvation?

Solvent molecules surround solute ions

Lipids are different from macromolecules because they _________________

are hydrophobic and don't dissolve in water

How is the standard reduction potential of a half-cell determined?

by measuring the voltage of a cell with a standard hydrogen electrode

The bonds between adjacent water molecules are called _____________.

hydrogen bonds

The fact that ice is less dense than water is related to the fact that _________________.

ice has a molecular structure that is an open framework held together by hydrogen bonds

Glycogen, cellulose, and starch are all what?

polysaccharides

Which metal is the most easily oxidized?

Highly active metal

Which type of bonds occur between bases in a DNA base-pair?

Hydrogen bonds

How does the surface tension of water compare with the surface tensions of most other liquids?

It is higher

Which element is reduced in the following reaction? 2PbSO4 + 2H20 —> Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4

Lead

Which set of chemical reactions represents carried out by an organism?

Metabolism

Which of these metals tends to resist losing electrons to corrosion?

Platinum

Which kind of molecules combine to form cell membranes?

phospholipids

The name of the process in which cells directly use solar energy to make food is _______________.

photosynthesis

In the reaction of hydrogen with iodine, which is the reducing agent?

Hydrogen

What causes water's low vapor pressure?

Hydrogen bonding

What is primarily responsible for the surface tension of water?

Hydrogen bonds

Which of the following is primarily responsible for holding water molecules together in the liquid state?

Hydrogen bonds

What types of molecules are bonded together to form a nucleotide?

1 nitrogen base + 1 phosphate group

Protein

A peptide with more than 100 amino acids