biodiversity miniquiz #2

Industrial logging threatens many forested ecosystems. Which of the following environmental consequences will most likely result from clear-cutting deciduous forests for logging? A More carbon dioxide will be added to the atmosphere and increase anthropogenic climate change. B Farmers will be able to utilize more land, resulting in a decrease in the number of floods. C Less oxygen will be used by the trees, so more oxygen will be in the atmosphere for humans and other animals to use. D The regulating services of the area, such as nutrient cycling and water regulation, would increase with fewer trees in the

A - More carbon dioxide will be added to the atmosphere and increase anthropogenic climate change.

Which of the following is most likely to occur in a forested region that has been recently clear-cut? A The concentration of nitrates in streams running through the region will increase. B The average depth of topsoil will increase. C The water temperature in streams running through the region will decrease. D Volume of runoff after rains will decrease. E The frequency of landslides will decrease.

A - The concentration of nitrates in streams running through the region will increase.

Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following is the most likely reason that an island in the ocean that is 5 kilometers from a continent would have a higher number of species than one that is 15 kilometers from a continent? A There are more species that have the ability to travel 5 kilometers than can travel 15 kilometers. B Islands that are closer to continents always have a wider range of habitats than more distant islands do. C There are smaller populations of each species on islands that are at greater distances from continents. D Islands that are closer to continents always have more ecological niches than more distant islands do.

A There are more species that have the ability to travel 5 kilometers than can travel 15 kilometers.

The primary cause of Earth's seasons is the A constant tilt of Earth's rotational axis with respect to the plane of its orbit around the Sun B changing distance of Earth from the Sun at different times of the year C periodic wobbling of Earth on its axis of rotation D changing relative positions of Earth, its Moon, and the Sun E periodic changes in solar energy output

A constant tilt of Earth's rotational axis with respect to the plane of its orbit around the Sun

Highly specialized species tend to evolve on islands because of the environmental conditions and resource availability. Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following would most likely experience the greatest decline of specialist species if an invasive species emigrated from the mainland? A A small island a far distance from the mainland B A small island in close proximity to the mainland C A large island a far distance from the mainland D A large island in close proximity to the mainland

B A small island in close proximity to the mainland

DIAGRAM ON APC The graph shows the relative solar energy received at local noon each day of the year at two different locations. Based on the graph, which of the following can be concluded about the latitudes of the two locations? A Both locations are at the same latitude. B Location 1 is close to the equator, and Location 2 is in the Northern Hemisphere. C Location 1 is in the Northern Hemisphere, and Location 2 is in the Southern Hemisphere. D Location 1 is in the Southern Hemisphere, and Location 2 is close to the equator.

B Location 1 is close to the equator, and Location 2 is in the Northern Hemisphere.

A North Carolina timber company proposes to clear-cut 45 hectares of oak-hickory deciduous forest in the Appalachian Mountains. The company has said that the forest will regrow naturally, and 50 years after the clear-cutting the company plans to harvest again, cutting all the oaks and hickories that have at least a 40-centimeter diameter. A local citizens' group claims that this is not a realistic plan. Which of the following, if true, best supports the claim of the citizens' group? A Harvesting oak and hickory will disrupt the soil in the first year after clear-cutting; oaks and hickories cannot germinate that first year. B Oak and hickory are late-successional species; pioneer species will dominate for many decades before the oaks and hickories are reestablished. C Coniferous forests can regrow after having been clear-cut; the biome will change to a boreal forest after clear-cutting. D Populations of large carnivores in the forest will decline after clear-cutting occurs; deer hunting will suffer as a result. E Erosion rates on the slopes of the Appalachian Mountains will decrease after clear-cutting; many new species will move into the forest.

B Oak and hickory are late-successional species; pioneer species will dominate for many decades before the oaks and hickories are reestablished.

(DIAGRAM ON APC) The axis of Earth in relation to the Sun is tilted at a 23.5 degree slant, as illustrated in the diagram below. Use the diagram below to answer the next three questions. Which of the following areas receives the most intense solar radiation at the time of year shown in the diagram, and why? A The Antarctic Circle, because it is closest to the Sun. B The Tropic of Capricorn, because this latitude is nearly horizontal to incoming solar radiation. C The equator, because it is the hottest region and therefore receives the most intense solar radiation. D The Tropic of Cancer, because solar radiation spreads out over a wider area at this latitude.

B The Tropic of Capricorn, because this latitude is nearly horizontal to incoming solar radiation.

Which of the following factors is fundamentally responsible for seasons on Earth? A The varying distance of Earth from the Sun B The tilt of Earth's axis of rotation C The latitudinal variation in temperature and precipitation D The tidal pull of the Sun and Moon E The anthropogenic greenhouse effect

B The tilt of Earth's axis of rotation

Which of the following changes to the local hydrologic cycle will result if large areas of land experienced clear-cutting? A- Transpiration of water from vegetation will increase. B- Evaporation of water from the soil will increase. C- Runoff from watersheds will decrease. D- Siltation of local streams will decrease.

B- Evaporation of water from the soil will increase

DIAGRAM ON APC Two branches of a river have different sediment loads. Based on the diagram, which of the following most likely led to the differences in the amount of sediment in the two branches of the river? A The overuse of fertilizers in agriculture B Effluent from a sewage treatment plant C Deforestation from clear-cutting D Use of heavy equipment in building construction

C Deforestation from clear-cutting

(DIAGRAM ON APC) The axis of Earth in relation to the Sun is tilted at a 23.5 degree slant, as illustrated in the diagram below. Use the diagram below to answer the next three questions. If the diagram illustrates Earth's relative position on December 21 of a given year, which of the following statements would be correct? A The Tropic of Cancer has a shorter day and higher solar radiation intensity because there is an inverse relationship between length of day and radiation intensity. B The Tropic of Capricorn has a shorter day and higher solar radiation intensity because there is a direct relationship between length of day and radiation intensity. C The equator has twelve hours of daylight and the greatest solar radiation intensity because there is no direct relationship between day length and radiation intensity. D The Tropic of Cancer has a shorter day and lower solar radiation intensity because there is a direct relationship between day length and radiation intensity.

D - The Tropic of Cancer has a shorter day and lower solar radiation intensity because there is a direct relationship between day length and radiation intensity.

For which of the following reasons do small isolated islands have a greater rate of species extinction than larger, less isolated islands? A Small isolated islands are more likely to receive more migrating species. B Small isolated islands provide opportunities for a greater diversity of species. C Because of their size, small isolated islands accumulate more species by chance. D Small isolated islands have a lower availability of resources. E Because they have fewer available niches, small isolated islands are targeted and colonized by species.

D Small isolated islands have a lower availability of resources.

(DIAGRAM ON APC) Which tree species grows best with full sunlight? A White oak B Hickory C Dogwood D Sweet gum E Beech

D Sweet gum

Which of the following does NOT exert a major influence on Earth's overall climate? A The annual amount of solar radiation that reaches Earth's surface B The concentrations of the specific gases in Earth's atmosphere C The distribution of land masses and oceans, in combination with Earth's topography D The daily rotation of Earth on its axis, and its annual revolution around the Sun E The seasonal development of temperature inversions in geographical basins

E The seasonal development of temperature inversions in geographical basins

(DIAGRAM ON APC) Which latitude shown on the diagram above experiences 24 hours of daylight on December 21? A- arctic circle B- tropic of cancer C- equator D- tropic of capricorn E- antarctic circle

E antarctic circle