BIOL 10 PRACTICE 3

Cell division occurs in _____ phase.

M

What cell organelle converts the energy found in food into a form usable by cells?

Mitochondrion

Match the characteristic with the corresponding stage of breast cancer.

Stage 1: cancer is found in a few lymph nodes; Stage 2: cancer begins invading more lymph nodes and tissues; Stage 3: cancer extensively spreads to nearby tissue; Stage 4: cancer spreads to other organs; Stage 0: cancer is localized and less than 2 cm

The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds between complimentary nucleotides. Which of the following correctly matches the complementary nucleotides of DNA?

Adenine:thymine and cytosine:guanine

Which of the following would be detected in a blood test that would indicate the immune system is responding to cancer?

Antibodies

All cells are specialized to have the same function.

False

In breast cancer patients, lymph nodes are biopsied to determine the size of the tumors

False

Which of the following blood cells would be measured to evaluate a patient for cancer?

White blood cells

In animal cells, DNA is located in the _____.

nucleus

Ribosomes

use genetic information to synthesize proteins

The purpose of translation is to

use mRNA codons to link together amino acids to form a polypeptide chain

If cancer invades the _____ , this can cause an accumulation of blood calcium and may lead to a coma.

bone

Alkylating agents work by

breaking the DNA and introducing mutations

Cancer begins when

cells divide uncontrollably

The DNA is compacted into multiple ______ that condense and organize the genetic information before cells divide.

chromosomes

Mutations in the tumor suppressor genes and in proto-oncogenes can result in cancer. If both are mutated,

DNA damage will go unrecognized and cell division will increase

From the following list, select all that can apply to cancerous cells.

Damaged DNA; Uncontrolled cell division;

Cells have checkpoints to regulate cell division. The G1 Checkpoint

allows the cell to move in the S phase; may delay division; may cause the cell to enter a resting phase; is regulated by growth hormones; ALL OF THE ABOVE; (correct)

In a normal cell G1 phase is the checkpoint for DNA damage. If the damage is too extensive, the cell will undergo _____

apoptosis

Radiation is targeted cancer therapy that works by

breaking the DNA and introducing mutations.

As cancerous cells accumulate mutations, the cells will continue to divide rapidly. This uncontrolled division results in

cells becoming less specialized; cells growing in blood vessels; a change in cellular appearance; cells moving to different parts of the body; ALL OF THE ABOVE; (correct)

A mutation in tumor suppressor gene can lead to cancer because these genes are involved in

checking the DNA for damage during the cell cycle.

The role of the immune system is to

create antibodies for future attacks by the same infectious agent; identify self versus non-self cells; signal the body of infection; continuously scan, recognize foreign agents, and destroy them; ALL OF THE ABOVE; (correct)

Cancer cells

divide rapidly; are less specialized; no longer function with neighboring cells; ignore the genetic information; ALL OF THE ABOVE; (correct)

Nucleic acids serve as a

genetic code

Tumor suppressor genes

halt cell division if an error is found in the DNA

One benefit of radiation over chemotherapy is that radiation

limits the number of healthy cells affected

At the cellular level, enzymes work by

lowering the activation energy of the reaction.

The purpose of transcription is to

make mRNA that will carry the instructions for making proteins outside of the nucleus.

Physician will request an analysis of proteins in the blood of possible cancer patients because

proteins from cancer cells are different from normal cells

Ribosomes are located on the

rough endoplasmic reticulum

During translation, the _____ reads the codon on the mRNA and brings the corresponding amino acid.

tRNA

If a person has a cancer that interferes with organs of the urinary system, that person may have trouble

with regulating the water-salt balance of the blood

Below are the steps of mitosis, List these in order from start to finish

1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telephase 5. Cytokinesis

These are three checkpoints during cell division. Match the checkpoints with its functions

DNA damage: G1 Proper alignment of chromosomes: M DNA replication: G2

Mutations in DNA can result in cancerous cells. These cells are structurally altered but their functions remain normal.

False

There are multiple steps in interphase that prepares the cell for cell division. Select the correct order of steps that prepare cells for division.

G1, S, G2

At which checkpoint is DNA assessed for accuracy before cell division?

G2

Which of the following would be the first step in treating a patient with a form of internal radiation?

Placing a radioactive material in the patient

Chemotherapy can interact with different phases of the cell cycle. What are the main phases that these drugs target?

S, G2, and M

If cells are damaged, they are destroyed and removed from the body. These cells are then replaced with new cells.

True

Negative feedback works to maintain homeostasis within the body

True

A base substitution can result in

a different codon sequence; adenine binding with cytosine; a misfolded protein; a change in DNA nucleotide sequence; ALL OF THE ABOVE; (correct)

If a breast cancer patient has not responded to treatment and the cancer has spread to the brain, the patient is classified to having Stage _____ cancer.

4

Benign tumors are not considered a threat because they

do not spread or cause more tumors

In cancerous cells, checkpoints still operate as normal and cell division is monitored.

False

The daughter cells produced through mitosis are genetically unique from the parent cell.

False

A research oncologist is one who studies the cause and treatments of cancer. What area(s) would research oncologist study to understand the formation of a new cancer?

Genetic factors; Environmental factors; Prevalence in males versus females; ALL OF THE ABOVE; (correct)

There are several ways a person can be tested to assess their risk of cancer. One is genetic testing. What genetic testing technique is shown in the image provided?

PCR

Which of the following statements describes DNA?

Sections of DNA are called genes; DNA encodes for proteins that are involved in cellular respiration; DNA is the genetic material called the genome; ALL OF THE ABOVE; (correct)

DNA is a

double strand of nucleotides arranged in a helical structure.

From the list provided, what would be helpful to differentiate eukaryotes from prokaryotes?

The size of ribosomes; The size of the cell; Organelles;

Cells are specialized to form tissues and organs through the control of gene expression. Gene expression is regulated (turning on and off genetic instructions) by

nearby cell signals and environmental factors

In eukaryotic cells, translation occurs with the use of free floating ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ribosomes that are

on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

The life span of normal cells and cancerous cells is the same.

False

The only way a physician can diagnose cancer is to detect cancer cells in the blood.

False