Biol 1107 exam 2 combination of other ppl
Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane of eukaryotes?
Creating energy
What produces proteins in the cytosol?
Free ribosomes
59. Which of the following organelles is found only in plant cells? a. Cilium b. Nucleus c. Mitochondrion d. Glyoxysome e. Peroxisome
Glyoxysome
After leaving the ER, many transport veicles travel to the
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following structures is involved with the movement of organelles within a cell?
Microtubules
Which of the following organelles is thought to have arisen from an endosymbiotic relationship with a prokaryote?
Mitochondria
Plant cells do not have lysosomes. Which of the following structures likely fulfills the function of lysosomes in a plant cell?
Vacuole
What obtains and processes energy, converts genetic information into proteins, and keeps certain biochemical reactions from each other?
cells
Chloroplasts are important because they are the structures where
energy from the sun is converted to chemical energy.
Out of the cellular components are the most important for stabilizing the shape? A. golgi apparatus, B. nuclear lamina, C. microfilaments, D. microtubules, E. cell wall
microfilaments
What shapes and supports the cell and also serves as tracks along which organelles with motor proteins can move?
microtubules
cilia contain what organelle?
microtubules
11. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a prokaryotic cell? a. A plasma membrane b. A nuclear envelope c. A nucleoid d. Ribosomes e. Enzymesb
. A nuclear envelope
6. A general function of all cellular membranes is to a. regulate which materials can cross the membrane. b. support the cell and determine its shape. c. produce energy for the cell. d. produce proteins for the cell. e. move the cell
.a. regulate which materials can cross the membrane.
38. The rough ER is the portion of the ER that a. lacks ribosomes. b. is the oldest and was once the smooth ER. c. has ribosomes attached to it. d. is connected to the Golgi apparatus. e. is the site of steroid synthesis
.c. has ribosomes attached to it.
44. Cells that perform little protein synthesis but are involved with protein modification typically have large numbers or amounts of a. RER. b. mitochondria. c. ribosomes. d. SER. e. lysosomes.
.d SER.
8. Members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea a. have nuclei. b. have chloroplasts. c. are multicellular. d. are prokaryotes. e. have flagella
.d. are prokaryotes.
d. making it spherical.
2. The surface area-to-volume ratio of an object can be decreased by a. cutting it into smaller pieces. b. flattening it. c. stretching it. d. making it spherical. e. All of the above
d. The ratio decreases as the cube becomes larger.
4. How does the surface area-to-volume ratio of a 1-mm cube compare to the surface area-to-volume ratio of a 3-mm cube? a. The 3-mm cube has a higher ratio. b. The ratio increases as the cube becomes larger. c. Increasing the volume increases the ratio. d. The ratio decreases as the cube becomes larger. e. The ratio does not change.
31. What is the difference between "free" and "attached" ribosomes? a. Free ribosomes are in the cytoplasm, whereas attached ribosomes are anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum. b. Free ribosomes produce proteins in the cytosol, whereas attached ribosomes produce proteins that are inserted into the ER. c. Free ribosomes produce proteins that are exported from the cell, whereas attached ribosomes make proteins for mitochondria and chloroplasts. d. Both a and b e. Both a and c
Both a and b
What are found only in plants and algae and are sites of photosynthesis?
Chlorplasts
What converts solar energy to chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds such as sugars from carbon dioxide and water?
Chloroplasts
Which of the following organelles is involved in energy gathering?
Chloroplasts
Which of the following statements best describes what happens to the organelles within pepper fruit cells as the fruit turns from green to red?
Chloroplasts become chromoplasts
39. Cholesterol is synthesized by a. chloroplasts. b. lysosomes. c. the SER. d. the Golgi. e. mitochondria.
c. the SER.
Which of the following processes is not carried out by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Protein synthesis
All cells are bounded by a membrane, called
a plasma membrane
7. What is the major distinction between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell? a. A prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus, whereas a eukaryotic cell does. b. A prokaryotic cell does not have DNA, whereas a eukaryotic cell does. c. A prokaryotic cell is smaller than a eukaryotic cell. d. Prokaryotic cells have not prospered, whereas eukaryotic cells are evolutionary "successes." e. A prokaryotic cell cannot obtain energy from its environment.
a. A prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus, whereas a eukaryotic cell does.
47. Which of the following statements about lysosomes is true? a. They are the sites where autophagy occurs. b. They provide turgor in plant cells. c. They may contain anthocyanins that aid in pollination. d. They are found only in plants. e. They may have arisen through endosymbiosis.
a. They are the sites where autophagy occurs.
18. In some prokaryotic organisms, the plasma membrane folds to form an internal membrane system that is able to a. carry on photosynthesis. b. engulf and phagocytize bacteria. c. synthesize proteins. d. propel the cell. e. hydrolyze carbohydrates to ATP.
a. carry on photosynthesis.
16. A specialized structure found in some prokaryotes is the a. cell wall. b. ribosome. c. cytosol. d. mitochondrion. e. chloroplast.
a. cell wall.
19. Some bacteria are able to propel themselves through liquid by means of a structure called the a. flagellum. b. pilus. c. cytoplasm. d. cell wall. e. peptidoglycan molecule.
a. flagellum.
41. Proteins from the Golgi are transported to the correct location by means of a. glycoproteins found on the packaged proteins. b. the general flow of vesicles within the cell. c. the control provided by the nucleus. d. motor proteins. e. microtubules.
a. glycoproteins found on the packaged proteins.
52. Components of chloroplasts include a. grana and thylakoids. b. chromatin and nucleoplasm. c. cristae and matrix. d. a trans region and a cis region. e. lysosomes and phagosomes.
a. grana and thylakoids.
36. The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of the a. nucleus. b. Golgi apparatus. c. nucleolus. d. plasma membrane. e. mitochondria.
a. nucleus.
9. A prokaryotic cell does not have a _______ or _______. a. nucleus; membrane-bound organelles b. nucleus; DNA c. nucleus; ribosomes d. nucleus; membranes e. cell wall; membranes
a. nucleus; membrane-bound
Materials that enter and leave the Golgi
are packages on or in vesticles
What kind of ribosomes are anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum?
attached ribosomes
What produces proteins that are inserted into the ER?
attached ribosomes
33. Chromatin is a series of entangled threads composed of a. microtubules. b. DNA and protein. c. fibrous proteins. d. cytoskeleton. e. membranes.
b. DNA and protein.
78. Which of the following organelles were once independent prokaryote organisms? a. Mitochondria and lysosomes b. Mitochondria and chloroplasts c. Chloroplasts and Golgi apparatus d. Golgi apparatus and ribosomes e. Ribosomes and lysosomes
b. Mitochondria and chloroplasts
79. Which of the following is not an argument for the endosymbiotic theory? a. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are about the same size as prokaryotic cells. b. Mitochondria and chloroplasts cannot be grown in culture, free of a host cell. c. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have DNA and ribosomes. d. Mitochondrial ribosomes synthesize proteins similar to those synthesized by bacterial ribosomes. e. All of the above are arguments for the endosymbiotic theory.
b. Mitochondria and chloroplasts cannot be grown in culture, free of a host cell.
43. Cells that synthesize a large amount of protein, such as _______ cells, are packed with rough endoplasmic reticulum. a. liver b. glandular c. red blood d. skin e. brain
b. glandular
74. Uniform concentrations of cytoplasmic materials in plants are maintained by a. motor proteins such as kinesin. b. membrane-lined channels called plasmodesmata. c. the semirigid cell wall. d. constantly-beating cilia. e. an internal cytoskeleton.
b. membrane-lined channels called plasmodesmata.
32. One difference between plant and animal cells is that a. only animal cells have mitochondria. b. only animal cells contain centrioles. c. plant cells have a cell wall, whereas animal cells have a plasma membrane. d. plant cells lack a cytoskeleton. e. only plant cells have peroxisomes.
b. only animal cells contain centrioles.
What traffics molecules, stages areas for cellular inteaction, mediates adhesion-recognition reactions between cells, and participates in energy transformations?
biological membranes in eukaryotic cells
14. Ribosomes are made up of a. DNA and RNA. b. DNA and proteins. c. RNA and proteins. d. proteins. e. DNA.
c. RNA and proteins.
27. You would not expect to find RNA in which of the following structures? a. Nucleus b. Mitochondrion c. Vacuole d. Ribosome e. Prokaryotic cell
c. Vacuole
75. The type of cell that always lacks a cell wall is the _______ cell. a. bacterial b. plant c. animal d. fungal e. prokaryotic
c. animal
73. The semirigid structure that supports the plant cell and determines its shape is the a. capsule. b. flagellum. c. cell wall. d. cytosol. e. cytoplasm
c. cell wall.
10. Ribosomes are not visible under a light microscope, but they can be seen with an electron microscope because a. electron beams have more energy than light beams. b. electron microscopes focus light with magnets. c. electron microscopes have more resolving power than light microscopes. d. electrons have such high energy that they pass through biological samples. e. living cells can be observed under the electron microscope
c. electron microscopes have more resolving power than light microscopes.
5. The surface area-to-volume ratio of a cell a. can be increased by increasing the volume of the cell. b. can be decreased by decreasing the surface area. c. explains why cells are small. d. is of little significance to maintaining cell homeostasis. e. None of the above
c. explains why cells are small.
15. The cytosol a. is a static region of the cell. b. contains DNA. c. is composed largely of water. d. supports the cell and determines its shape. e. chemically modifies proteins and other molecules.
c. is composed largely of water.
.1. Most plant and animal cells are a. smaller than a chloroplast. b. smaller than most bacteria. c. large enough to be seen with a light microscope. d. smaller than small molecules. e. large enough to be seen with the unaided eye
c. large enough to be seen with a light microscope
The utilization of "food" in the mitochondria, with the associated formation of ATP, is termed
cellular respiration
What is not a component of the endomembrane system?
chloroplasts
The carotenoid pigments that give ripe tomatoes their red color are contained in organelles called
chromoplasts
What carries genes in the form of DNA?
chromosomes
What is the semifluid substance in the membrane, in which organelles are found?
cytosol
53. Which type of organelle is found in plants but not in animals? a. Ribosomes b. Mitochondria c. Nuclei d. Plastids e. None of the above
d. Plastids
12. Which of the following is (are) found in prokaryotic cells? a. Mitochondria b. Chloroplasts c. Nuclear membrane d. Ribosomes e. Endoplasmic reticulum
d. Ribosomes
76. The extracellular matrix of animal cells a. is composed of cellulose. b. contains plasmodesmata. c. limits the cell volume by remaining rigid. d. helps orient cell movements during embryonic development. e. acts as a barrier to disease-causing fungi.
d. helps orient cell movements during embryonic development.
45. A secondary lysosome is a lysosome that a. provides a backup to the primary lysosomes. b. is smaller than a primary lysosome. c. will become a primary lysosome when it fuses with a phagosome. d. is a primary lysosome that has fused with a phagosome. e. has exocytosed..
d. is a primary lysosome that has fused with a phagosome
13. The DNA of prokaryotic cells is found in the a. plasma membrane. b. nucleus. c. ribosome. d. nucleoid region. e. mitochondria.
d. nucleoid region.
77. Some organelles in eukaryotic cells are thought to have a. originated from extracellular symbiotic relationships. b. their own endoplasmic reticulum. c. their own mitochondria. d. originated from endosymbiotic relationships. e. the ability to live free from the host cell.
d. originated from endosymbiotic relationships.
17. Specialized cellular appendages of prokaryotes that help bacteria adhere to one another when they exchange genetic material are called a. the Golgi apparatus. b. cilia. c. flagella. d. pili. e. b, c, and d
d. pili.
40. Proteins that are transported in vesicles are made by a. the Golgi apparatus. b. ribosomes within the mitochondrion. c. the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. d. ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. e. ribosomes within chloroplasts.
d. ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
54. Chloroplasts are the structures in which a. chemical energy is stored in the form of ATP. b. cell division is controlled. c. genetic information is used to make proteins. d. sunlight energy is converted into chemical energy. e. new organelles are made.
d. sunlight energy is converted into chemical energy.
51. The DNA of a chloroplast is located in the a. intermembrane space. b. matrix. c. cristae. d. stroma. e. granum.
d.stroma.
Lysosomes are important to eukaryotic cells because they contain
digestive enzymes
22. Biological membranes in a eukaryotic cell a. separate the cell from its environment. b. regulate what goes into and out of the cell. c. help maintain a constant internal environment. d. communicate with adjacent cells. e. All of the above
e. All of the above
3. What must cells do in order to survive? a. Obtain and process energy b. Convert genetic information into proteins c. Keep certain biochemical reactions separate from one another d. Both a and b e. All of the above
e. All of the above
60. Of the following plant cell structures, which is most likely to have the greatest volume? a. Glyoxysome b. Lysosome c. Chromosome d. Ribosome e. Vacuole
e. Vacuole
56. The carotenoid pigments that give ripe tomatoes their red color are contained in organelles called a. chloroplasts. b. proplastids. c. protoplasts. d. leucoplasts. e. chromoplasts.
e. chromoplasts.
21. Prokaryotic cells generally are smaller than eukaryotic cells because a. prokaryotes have more diverse energy sources. b. prokaryotes have a capsule that limits cell growth. c. the rigid cell wall of prokaryotes limits cell size. d. prokaryotes lack the genetic material needed for protein synthesis. e. only eukaryotes have compartmentalization, which allows for specialization.
e. only eukaryotes have compartmentalization, which allows for specialization.
55. Chloroplasts are a kind of a. leucoplast. b. endoplasmic reticulum. c. chromoplast. d. Golgi apparatus. e. plastid.
e. plastid.
30. Ribosomes are not found in a. mitochondria. b. chloroplasts. c. the rough endoplasmic reticulum. d. prokaryotic cells. e. the Golgi apparatus.
e. the Golgi apparatus.
What are locomotor appendages that protrude from some cells?
flagella and cilia
The Golgi apparatus consists of
flattened membraneous sacs called cisternae
What kind of ribosomes are in the cytoplasm?
free ribosomes
The organelle where most protein sorting takes place is the
golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
have a lower internal pH than the cytoplasm
cilia usually occur
in large numbers on the cell surface
Mitochondria and chloroplasts may be found
in the same cell
What are not found in prokaryotic cells?
mitochondria, chloroplasts, nuclei, endomembrane system
The cytoskeleton
moves organelles within cells
Name three organelles that are double-membrane bound
nucleus, chloroplast, and mitochondrion
Plastids are
present in nearly all plant cells
The vacuole occupies the largest volume in a mature plant cell so as to
retain water and thus create turgor pressure
Of the following structures, the one that an animal cell will usually have the greatest number of is the
ribosome
What are tiny organelles that make proteins according to instructions from the genes?
ribosomes
What is the center of manufacturing, warehousing, sorting, and shipping, where products of the ER are modified and stored and then sent to other destinations?
the Golgi apparatus
The entire region between the nucleuous and the plasma membrane, or the interior of prokaryotic cell, is called
the cytoplasm
What lies outside the plasma membrane?
the plant cell wall
What functions as a selective barrier?
the plasma membrane
A young plant cell first secretes a relatively thin and flexible wall called what?
the primary cell wall
Some proteins that are on the surface of mammalian cells contain carbohydrates. These proteins are synthesized by _______ and the sugars are added in the _______
the rough endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus
What are the basic features that all cells have in common?
they contain cchromosomes and ribosomes and are bounded by a plasma membrane
All membranes have what function?
they regulate which materials can cross the membrane
Cilia and flagella can move fluid over the surface of
tissue