BIOL 132 - Ch. 16-19

During the second trimester, a normal weight mother will gain how much weight?

1 pound per week

What is the RDA for calcium in older adults?

1200 mg/day

Body length increases by ________ inches per year in school-age children.

2-3

One should have at least a _______ days supply of food for emergency use.

3

A low birth weight infant weighs less than _______ pounds at birth.

5.5

During the first year of life, the infant increases in length by ________% over what it was at birth.

50

Which of the following statements is true?

A food's odor or appearance is not a reliable indicator of whether it is safe to eat.

Except for pregnancy and lactation, the total quantities of nutrients and calories needed during ________ are greater than any other stage of the life cycle.

Adolescence

The number of calories a child needs will vary depending on what factors? Those that ate a complete breakfast showed imporoved memory and learning Those that ate a complete breakfast showed imporoved comprehension Those that ate a complete breakfast showed imporoved concentration and alertness

All choices are correct

The time to introduce solid foods to an infant's diet depends on his or her ________.

All choices are correct

A maternal practice that can be harmful to the fetus is ________.

All of these choices are accurate.

Exposure to alcohol during fetal life may cause ________.

All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following substances is in breast milk but not in infant formulas?

Antibodies

Which of the following minerals is often lacking in the diets of older adults?

Calcium

Which of the following foods would be most appropriate to include in an emergency food supply?

Canned tuna

The ________ prohibits food manufacturers from adding a new compound to food that causes cancer.

Delaney Clause of the Food Additives Amendment

To reduce the risk of food-borne illness, which of these guidelines should you follow?

Do not buy food in dented cans

Which of the following would you recommend to a friend that is having difficulties breastfeeding her baby?

Find a relaxing environment to breastfeed your baby.

________ is a physiological change associated with aging.

Hardening of the arteries

Which of the following pesticides kills weeds?

Herbicide

Which of the following statements is true? The life span of a human being is 100 years. In the United States, life expectancy is about 79 years. There is little scientific evidence to support the notion that a person's genetic makeup contributes to his or her longevity. The longest living (documented) person was a man from Bulgaria who lived for 110 years.

In the United States, life expectancy is about 79 years.

Jenna is a 73-year-old woman who complains to her doctor that her food does not have any taste. The physician told Jenna to add more spices in each dish she prepares. Based on your knowledge about the process of aging, ________.

Jenna is experiencing a normal decline in her sense of taste

The primary carbohydrate in the diet of most infants is ________.

Lactose

________ is the average length of time a person born in a specific year can expect to live.

Life expectancy

As a person ages their risk of ________ increases. This condition results in loss of muscle function, shaking, stiffness, and poor balance.

Parkinson's disease

In the United States, milk and juice often go through a process called ________. In this process, heat is used to kill pathogens and spoilage organisms in liquid food items.

Pasteurization

Which of the following statements is true?

Pregnant women, very young children, and people who have weakened immune systems have high risk of food-borne illness.

________ is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength combined with an increase in body fat.

Sarcopenic obesity

Which of the following factors has a positive effect on a school-age child's diet?

Seeing their parent's eating a nutritous, balanced diet

Which federal agency is responsible for inspecting beef, poultry and other food animals for diseases before and after slaughter?

USDA

Which of the following factors has a negative effect on a school-age child's diet?

Viewing television advertisements for sugar-sweetened soft drinks

Instead of a double cheeseburger from a fast food restaurant for lunch, the hungry adolescent could make a healthier choice by choosing ________ instead.

a grilled chicken sandwich with lettuce and tomato

Anna would like to offer a high-fiber, nutrient-dense snack to her healthy 4-year-old son. Based on this information, she should serve ________.

a small unpeeled apple that has been cut into wedges

According to the programmed theory of aging, ________.

aging is inevitable and diet or exercise does not impact that process

Age-related dementia includes ________.

all of these are correct

According to the Food Additives Amendment of 1958, ________.

an additive that was in use and deemed safe prior to 1958 was placed on the GRAS list

Dorothy is 86 years of age. Her ________ is likely to have a negative influence on her nutritional status.

arthritis

Maternal anemia occurs when a pregnant woman has a hematocrit ________.

below 33%

Which of the following practices is the most reliable way of sanitizing impure water?

boiling

This is a nutrient of importance, but the RDA does not go up, as the body increases the absoprtion of this nutrient.

calcium

During the first few days after giving birth, the new mother's breasts produce ________.

colostrum

The point at which a woman's egg is fertilized by a sperm and pregnancy begins is known as _______.

conception

Fetal alcohol syndrome is characterized by severe birth defects that occur in infants whose mothers ________.

drank alcohol excessively during pregnancy

The fetus accumulates most of its body fat and mineral stores ________.

during the third trimester

During her 7th month of pregnancy, Sari developed a life-threatening complication of pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension and convulsions. Based on this information, Sari developed ________.

eclampsia

To avoid possible exposure to mercury, pregnant women should avoid what food?

fish

The medical specialty that focuses on the healthcare needs of older adults is called _______.

geriatrics

The process of pasteurization involves the use of ________.

heat to kill pathogens

The following substances were detected in a can of food. Which of the substances is an intentional food additive?

high-fructose corn syrup

Which food on this list is NOT appropriate for an infant less than one year old?

honey

To help children develop good nutritional habits, ________.

let children make some choices about the food they eat

Human milk is naturally a rich source of

lipids

Infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they ________.

lose the extrusion reflex

A major nutrition-related concern of adolescent females is ________ intake.

low iron

According to the damage or error theory of aging, ________.

organs simply wear out with use and abuse

The ________ is the organ of pregnancy that transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus.

placenta

The common practice of taking several prescribed medication daily to treat a variety of health conditions is called ________.

polypharmacy

Lanelle is 5 months pregnant. Recently, she gained several pounds rapidly, and as a result, her face is "puffy" and her hands are swollen. Her physician is very concerned, because Lanelle's blood pressure has risen to a dangerous level. Based on this information, Lanelle probably has ________.

preeclampsia

According to scientific research involving animals, ________ may extend one's life.

restricting energy intake

Bernard is 83 years of age. His ________ is likely to have a negative influence on his nutritional status.

social isolation

In the United States, the diets of many school-age children supply too much ________.

sodium

After Ariel gave birth to a healthy baby boy, the physician immediately placed the baby next to Ariel's breast so the infant could begin breastfeeding. This practice ________.

stimulates Ariel's uterus to contract, reducing her risk of bleeding excessively

Margaret is 87 years of age. Compared to when she was 27 years of age, her ________ now.

stomach secretes less intrinsic factor

During pregnancy, edema can be a sign of a serious health problem if ________.

the swelling is accompanied by hypertension and protein in the urine

Reduced ________ is a normal physiological change associated with aging.

thirst sensation

All of the following are recommendations of the FDA in regards to the selection and use of cutting boards EXCEPT ________.

to use wood cutting boards made from a soft wood

Which of the following structures pass from the placenta to the embryo/fetus?

umbilical cord

A ________ is simply a piece of genetic material coated with protein.

virus

To avoid constipation, pregnant women should increase intake of ________.

whole-grain bread, bran, and fruits

What is the recommended treatment for childhood obesity? Decrease intake of high-fat, high-energy foods. Increase physical activity. Modify problem behaviors, such as snacking while watching TV.

All choices are correct

Which infants have special vitamin needs? Breastfed infants whose mothers are vegans generally need vitamin B-12 supplements. Infants at birth need vitamin K. Breastfed infants may need iron supplements.

All choices are correct