BIOL 1322 Nutrition & Diet Therapy Chapter 7 Smart Book

An excess amino acid and/or protein intake leads to a high _____ output.

urine

A person who relies heavily on plant foods and may or may not include some animal foods in their diet is considered a _____.

vegetarian

A protein intake that is 20% of a person's total calorie intake would be ______ the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR).

within

There are three groups that make up each amino acid.

Amnio, R-, Acid

What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein?

10 - 35%

To make proteins, how many amino acids are available to make specific sequences expressed by the DNA?

20

Allergic reactions generally occur within ______ minutes to a couple of hours after eating the offending food.

30

It is the role of ______, located in a cell's nucleus, to store the instructions for protein synthesis.

DNA

Which statement about protein adequacy is true?

If your diet contains adequate amounts of protein, then eating "more is not better."

______ are a plant family with pods that contain a single row of seeds.

Legumes; Reason: Legumes, like soybeans and black eyed peas, grow inside pods that contain a single row of seeds.

______ is synthesized by every cell in the body.

Protein

Proteins are made by assembling the 20 different _____ into specific sequences as provided by the DNA.

amino acids

What are the building blocks of protein?

amino acids

When protein digestion is complete, we are left with __________ ___________.

amino acids

PKU is caused by _____.

an enzyme deficiency

What type of disease results in the poor absorption of nutrients from the small intestine?

celiac disease

Which of the following are ways to decrease food costs without sacrificing nutrition?

compare "unit" costs of packaged foods buy in bulk spend more time preparing food

What is the process of altering the three dimensional structure of a protein by treatment with heat, enzymes, acids, bases, or agitation?

denaturation

The amino acid pool is an ______ source of nitrogen.

endogenous

The body obtains about two-thirds of its amino acid supply from ______ sources.

endogenous

Animal proteins are a good source of all nine ____________ amino acids.

essential

Hives, swollen or itchy lips, skin flushing, eczema, difficulty swallowing, wheezing, difficulty breathing, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea are all signs and symptoms of _____.

food allergies

Poor sources of protein are _____.

fruits

The two forms of protein-energy malnutrition are _________ and ______________.

kwashiorkor and Marasmus

A high intake of meat is typically _____.

more expensive

You can improve the taste of extra lean ground beef that may taste dry by adding _____.

olive oil

A(n) _______________ protein balance occurs when a person consumes more protein daily than he or she loses.

positive nitrogen

Amino acids are the end product of ______ digestion.

protein

Enzymes, antibodies, and clotting compounds are made of

proteins

Serious allergies, celiac disease, and PKU are all examples of what can happen to the body when______.

proteins do not function properly

Which of the following food choice would provide the most protein?

salad with lettuce, sunflower seeds, black beans, cashews, and bread cubes

Commercially prepared vegetarian foods that are substitutes for meat, fish, and poultry are typically made from

soy

Which of the following would be helpful in decreasing animal food intake?

- Replace meat with other sources of high-quality protein. - Prepare foods with less animal protein and more plant protein. - Decrease serving sizes of animal foods

Which of the following are likely to increase the costs of food?

- Shopping at convenience stores - Shopping without a shopping list

Each amino acid has a carbon atom that is attached to which four of the following?

- amino group - side group/R group - acid group - hydrogen atom

Choose the things that contain protein.

- animals - plants - viruses and bacteria

What are examples of serious health problems that can result if amino acids do not function properly?

- celiac disease - PKU - food allergies

Plant proteins are a heart-healthy alternative to animal proteins because they typically contain less or no ______ than animal sources of protein.

- cholesterol - saturated fat

Protein functions as _____.

- compounds that help maintain fluid and pH balance - enzymes - antibodies

Nutritional genomics studies the interactions between gene functioning and______.

- dietary choices - environment

MyPlate recommends varying your protein choices by _____.

- eating 8 ounces of fish such as salmon, trout, and herring - replacing meat dishes with dry beans, split peas, and foods made with soybeans - snacking on unsalted nuts instead of meats and cheese

What are some good vegan alternatives to main menu items that contain meat?

- foods made from soybeans - dry beans - split peas

Choose the true statements about commercially prepared vegetarian foods.

- lower in saturated fat compared to non-vegetarian food - are made with soy-based products - generally do not contain cholesterol

The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for protein increases during______.

- pregnancy - recovery from serious illness - a period of rapid growth

Which of the following would be a good replacement for processed meat products?

- roast beef - lean turkey

Which of the following are examples of processed meat products?

- sausage - bacon - ham

Which of the following are guidelines suggested by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's MyPyramid Plan for protein?

- when buying ground beef, choose "extra lean" products - remove any visible fat - choose lean or low-fat meat

Your body makes proteins by following information coded in your _____.

DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid

________________ -protein diets lead to increased urine output which, in turn, poses a risk for dehydration.

Excess

True or false: There is really no such thing as too much protein.

False

True or false: Animal proteins are not considered to be a good source of all nine essential amino acids.

False Reason: Animal proteins match our need for essential amino acids and provide ample amounts of all nine essential amino acids.

True or false: Protein synthesis is the process of altering the three-dimensional structure of a protein.

False Reason: Denaturation is the process of altering the three-dimensional structure of a protein.

True or false: DNA does not play a vital role in protein synthesis.

False; Reason: DNA contains the coded instructions for protein synthesis, and is a vital part of protein synthesis.

What disease is caused by a rare genetic disorder that occurs when cells are unable to produce an enzyme that converts an amino acid to other compounds?

PKU

What is the name for the "hook" that provides a chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid?

Peptide bond

______ proteins are heart-healthy because they contain no cholesterol and little saturated fat.

Plant

True or false: Every cell contains protein. True false question.

TrueEnzymes, antibodies, and clotting compounds are made of

Differentiate between a vegan and a vegetarian. Instructions

Vegan - eats only plant foods Vegetarian - relies heavily on plant foods but may include some animal foods in the diet

Which type of diet poses an increased risk for dehydration?

high-protein