Biol 1406 Ch.4
Variations in the reactive properties of different organic molecules are most closely associated with __________.
the presence or absence of functional groups
Which of the following best describes cis-trans isomers?
they differ in their spatial arrangement around inflexible double bonds
Citric acid makes lemons taste sour. Which of the following is a functional group that would cause a molecule such as citric acid to be acidic? carboxyl hydrocarbon carbonyl amino hydroxyl
carboxyl
cis-trans isomers
have the same covalent bonds but differ in spatial arrangements
Most organic compounds contain which atoms?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
How many molecules of glycine are present in 1.0 mole of glycine?
6.02 × 10^23 molecules
Which of the following is a hydrocarbon? A)C3H8 b)CO2 C)C6H12O6 D)H2CO3 E)CCl2F2
C3H8
Variation in carbon chains is an important source of molecular complexity. How can carbon skeletons vary?
Carbon skeletons can vary in length, exhibit different branching structures, contain double bonds at different positions, and contain rings of carbon atoms
Hydrocarbon
Compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen
L-dopa is used to treat _____.
Parkinson's disease
Isomers
Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula
The large diversity of shapes of biological molecules is possible because of the extensive presence of __________ in the molecules.
carbon
structural isomers
differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms
These molecules are _____.
enantiomers These molecules are mirror images.
Which complex organic molecules were synthesized in Miller's experiment?
formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, amino acids, hydrocarbons (By combining water vapor and hydrogen gas with two simple organic compounds (ammonia and methane) in an electrically-charged artificial atmosphere, Miller showed that he could synthesize more complex organic molecules, which could act as precursors to life forms.)
Molecules that have the same chemical formula (same numbers of each type of atom) but different three-dimensional shapes are called __________.
isomers
Enantiomers
isomers that are mirror images of each other
What kind of effect does R-dopa have on Parkinson's disease?
it has no effect
Thiols
organic compounds containing sulfahydryl groups.
What functional group is commonly used in cells to transfer energy from one organic molecule to another?
phosphate groups