Biol 1406 Ch.4

Variations in the reactive properties of different organic molecules are most closely associated with __________.

the presence or absence of functional groups

Which of the following best describes cis-trans isomers?

they differ in their spatial arrangement around inflexible double bonds

Citric acid makes lemons taste sour. Which of the following is a functional group that would cause a molecule such as citric acid to be acidic? carboxyl hydrocarbon carbonyl amino hydroxyl

carboxyl

cis-trans isomers

have the same covalent bonds but differ in spatial arrangements

Most organic compounds contain which atoms?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

How many molecules of glycine are present in 1.0 mole of glycine?

6.02 × 10^23 molecules

Which of the following is a hydrocarbon? A)C3H8 b)CO2 C)C6H12O6 D)H2CO3 E)CCl2F2

C3H8

Variation in carbon chains is an important source of molecular complexity. How can carbon skeletons vary?

Carbon skeletons can vary in length, exhibit different branching structures, contain double bonds at different positions, and contain rings of carbon atoms

Hydrocarbon

Compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen

L-dopa is used to treat _____.

Parkinson's disease

Isomers

Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula

The large diversity of shapes of biological molecules is possible because of the extensive presence of __________ in the molecules.

carbon

structural isomers

differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms

These molecules are _____.

enantiomers These molecules are mirror images.

Which complex organic molecules were synthesized in Miller's experiment?

formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, amino acids, hydrocarbons (By combining water vapor and hydrogen gas with two simple organic compounds (ammonia and methane) in an electrically-charged artificial atmosphere, Miller showed that he could synthesize more complex organic molecules, which could act as precursors to life forms.)

Molecules that have the same chemical formula (same numbers of each type of atom) but different three-dimensional shapes are called __________.

isomers

Enantiomers

isomers that are mirror images of each other

What kind of effect does R-dopa have on Parkinson's disease?

it has no effect

Thiols

organic compounds containing sulfahydryl groups.

What functional group is commonly used in cells to transfer energy from one organic molecule to another?

phosphate groups