BIOL 207 Exam 1 Review Questions
A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to A. initiate clot formation B. cause clots to form faster C. cause a clot dissolution to proceed faster D. mimic erythropoietin E. recruit neutrophils to an infection
C
Each of the following is a way that blood transports materials around the body except A. nutrients from the digestive tract to the body B. hormones from endocrine glands to target cells C. carbon dioxide from the lungs to the tissues D. stored nutrients from the liver to the tissues E. wastes from the cells to the kidneys
C
Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is A. excreted by the liver B. stored in yellow bone marrow C. recycled to the red bone marrow D. excreted by the kidneys E. excreted by the intestines
C
Which of the following is not a layer of the blood vessel wall? A. tunica media B. tunica externa C. tunica elastica D. tunica interna
C
White blood cells that are increased in individuals with allergic reactions are the A. monocytes B. lymphocytes C. eosinophils D. neutrophils E. basophils
C
You are caring for a female adult patient who weighs 40 kg (90 lbs). Assuming no loss of blood, what would her approximate blood volume be? A. 5.6 L B. 6.0 L C. 1.8 L D. 3.8 L E. 6.6 L
D
________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. A. Retraction B. Vascular spasm C. Fibrinolysis D. Coagulation E. The platelet phase
D
________ transport(s) oxygen and CO2 in the RBCs. A. DNA B. Ribosomes C. Components of the cytoskeleton D. Hemoglobin molecules E. Mitochondria
D
A hematocrit provides information on A. clotting factors B. blood type C. sedimentation rate D. plasma composition E. formed elements abundance
E
A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is A. platelets B. albumin alpha C. transport proteins D. immunoglobulin A E. fibrinogen
E
In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in A. lymphoid tissue B. yellow bone marrow C. the spleen D. the liver E. red bone marrow
E
Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood, and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume. A. 92; 55 B. 92; 7 C. 45; 55 D. 50; 50 E. 55; 92
E
The average lifespan of a red blood cell is A. 1 month B. about 1 year C. many years D. 24 hours E. 4 months
E
The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the A. eosinophils B. lymphocytes C. basophils D. monocytes E. neutrophils
E
Which of these descriptions best matches the term platelets? A. produce antibodies in response to antigens B. adhere to collagen beneath endothelium C. helper cells are one type D. often elevated in allergic individuals E. kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide
B
________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells. A. lymphocytes B. neutrophils C. monocytes D. basophils E. eosinophils
C
After donating 0.5 liter of blood, one would expect A. an increased erythrocyte count B. an increased platelet count C. an increased neutrophil count D. an increased reticulocyte count E. increased levels of clotting factors
D
Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the A. liver B. spleen C. bone marrow D. All of the answers are correct E. None of the answers are correct
D
An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in A. decreased iron absorption B. renal anemia C. decreased erythropoiesis D. increased erythropoiesis E. increased sensitivity to vitamin K
D
Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of A. calcium B. sodium C. copper D. iron E. magnesium
D
Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood except A. the ability to absorb heat from active skeletal muscles B. the ability to neutralize acids C. a built-in system for clotting D. viscosity about the same as water E. deep red color
D
Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood? A. 78 percent B. 55 percent C. 20 percent D. 45 percent E. 60 percent
D
Granulocytes form in A. yellow bone marrow B. the intestines C. the spleen D. red bone marrow E. the thymus
D
If bile ducts are blocked, A. more bilirubin appears in the plasma B. more hemolysis takes place C. bilirubin appears in the skin and eyes D. more bilirubin appears in the plasma, and bilirubin appears in the skin and eyes E. All of the answers are correct.
D
In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is A. the thymus B. the spleen C. the liver D. red bone marrow E. yellow bone marrow
D
All the circulating red blood cells originate in the A. red bone marrow B. spleen C. thymus D. heart E. lymph tissue
A
Arterioles: A. have a poorly defined tunica externa B. collect blood from capillary beds C. distribute blood to the body's skeletal muscles and internal organs D. are large vessels that transport blood away from the heart
A
Below are some of the factors involved in the extrinsic and common clotting pathway. 1. calcium 2. tissue factor (III) 3. prothrombin 4. factor X 5. fibrin 6. clotting factor VII What answer corresponds to the correct order in which they occur? A. 2, 1. 6, 4, 3, 5 B. 1, 5, 3, 2, 4, 6 C. 5, 3, 6, 4, 1, 2 D. 2, 6, 4, 5, 1, 3 E. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
A
Erythropoiesis is stimulated by a kidney-derived hormone called A. erythropoietin (EPO) B. fibrin C. testosterone D. colony-stimulating factor E. estrogen
A
Fenestrated capillaries: A. are found in the choroid plexus of the brain and the capillaries of the hypothalamus B. have a complete endothelial lining C. prevent the loss of blood cells and plasma proteins D. have gaps between adjacent endothelial cells
A
Hormones called ________ are involved in regulation of white blood cell populations. A. colony-stimulating factor B. testosterone C. erythropoietin (EPO) D. fibrin E. estrogen
A
In a capillary bed, bands of smooth muscle at the entrance to each capillary are called: A. precapillary sphincters B. thoroughfare channels C. collaterals D. ateriovenous anastomoses
A
Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called A. megakaryocytes B. lymphoblasts C. myeloblasts D. erythroblasts E. normoblasts
A
Platelets function in all of the following except A. dissolving a formed clot B. initiating the clotting process C. forming temporary clump in injured areas D. releasing chemicals that stimulate clotting E. contracting after clot formation
A
RBCs typically live about 120 days. The main reason for this short lifespan in RBCs is their A. lack of nucleus B. flexibility C. cell shape D. concentration of Hb E. large surface area-to-volume ratio
A
Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone A. erythropoietin B. angiotensin C. albumin D. renin E. thymosin
A
The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of mature erythrocytes. A. RBC count B. reticulocyte count C. platelet count D. differential count E. complete blood count
A
The combination of plasma and formed elements is called A. whole blood B. lymph C. extracellular fluid D. packed blood E. serum
A
The of white blood cell production goes on in all of the following except A. the kidney B. the thymus C. red bone marrow D. the spleen E. the lymph nodes
A
Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood? A. antibodies B. lymphocytes C. platelets D. RBCs E. basophils
A
During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of A. reticulocytes B. neutrophils C. thrombocytes D. basophils E. eosinophils
B
Each hemoglobin molecule contains A. four alpha chains B. four iron atoms C. one heme group D. one alpha and one beta chain E. None of the answers are correct
B
Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that A. she is suffering from anemia B. her hemoglobin level is normal C. her hematocrit is probably lower than normal D. she has fewer red blood cells than normal E. she may be suffering from a form of leukemia
B
More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is A. fibrinogen B. hemoglobin C. albumin D. immunoglobulin E. porphyrin
B
Plasma is closest in composition to A. CSF B. sterile water C. interstitial fluid D. urine E. isotonic saline solution
B
The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by A. prothrombin activator B. thrombin C. factor VIII D. plasmin E. fibrinogen-converting enzyme
B
The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as A. band forms B. reticulocytes C. proerythroblasts D. hemocytoblasts E. myeloid cells
B
The function of hemoglobin is to A. aid in the process of blood clotting B. carry oxygen C. defend against infection D. All of the answers are correct E. None of the answers are correct
B
The normal pH of blood is A. neutral B. slightly alkaline C. slightly acidic D. extremely alkaline E. extremely acidic
B
The total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately ________ liters. A. 10 B. 5 to 6 C. 3 D. 6 to 8 E. 4
B
Which of the following statements about blood is false? A. It is about 55 percent plasma B. Normal pH is 6.8 to 7.0 C. It contains buffers that control pH D. It is more viscous than water E. None of the statements are false, all are true
B
In which of the following would you expect the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated? A. an alcoholic with a damaged liver B. a person with an iron-deficient diet C. a person suffering from hemolysis D. a person suffering from hemolysis and an alcoholic with a damaged liver E. All of the answers are correct
D
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term eosinophils? A. become macrophages B. release histamine C. defend against specific pathogens or toxins and produce antibodies in response to antigens D. often elevated in allergic individuals E. kill bacteria using cytotoxic chemicals
D
Which of the following is false concerning neutrophils? A. can make cytotoxic chemicals B. can destroy bacteria C. produced in the bone marrow D. less abundant than lymphocytes E. can exit capillaries
D
Which of the following is not a component of plasma? A. albumin B. amino acids C. fibrinogen D. platelets E. electrolytes
D
Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins? A. brain B. pancreas C. kidney D. liver E. heart
D
Which plasma protein is a major contributor to the osmotic pressure of plasma? A. gamma globulin B. fibrinogen C. steroid-binding protein D. albumin E. hormone-binding protein
D
A typical adult hematocrit is around A. 85 B. 25 C. 65 D. 75 E. 45
E
All of the following are true of neutrophils except that they are A. active in fighting bacterial infections B. granular leukocytes C. phagocytic D. round cells with lobed nuclei E. important in coagulation
E
An elevated hematocrit value is termed A. reticulocytosis B. anemia C. macrocytic D. hyperchromic E. polycythemia
E
An increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is termed A. macrocytic B. anemia C. reticulocytosis D. polycythemia E. hyperchromic
E
Erythropoiesis is stimulated when A. oxygen levels in the blood increase and blood flow to the kidneys declines B. oxygen levels in the blood decrease C. blood flow to the kidney declines D. oxygen levels in the blood increase E. oxygen levels in the blood decrease and blood flow to the kidney declines
E
The process of fibrinolysis A. draws torn edges of damaged tissue closer together B. activates fibrinogen C. forms emboli D. forms thrombi E. dissolves clots
E
The waste product bilirubin is produced from A. globin chains of hemoglobin B. heme molecules plus iron C. abnormal proteins found in red blood cells D. iron found in hemoglobin molecules E. heme molecules lacking iron
E
Which of the following is a function of the blood? A. transport of nutrients and wastes B. defense against toxins and pathogens C. transport of body heat D. transport of gases E. All of the answers are correct
E
Which of the following is true of basophils? A. contain dense blue stained granules in the Wright stain B. promote inflammation C. constitute about 1 percent of WBC's D. granules contain histamine E. All of the answers are correct
E
Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood? A. platelets B. lymphocytes C. neutrophils D. erythrocytes E. retuculocytes
E
________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation. A. Normoblasts B. Band cells C. Erythroblasts D. Myeloblasts E. Reticulocytes
E
Which is a characteristic of continuous capillaries? A. They permit the diffusion of water, small solutes, and lipid-soluble materials into the surrounding interstitial fluid but prevent the loss of blood cells and plasma proteins B. They do not allow exchange to occur between blood and interstitial fluid C. They permit the free exchange of water and solutes as large as plasma proteins D. They are located along absorptive areas of the intestinal tract and at filtration sites in the kidneys
A
Which is a characteristic of the major patterns of blood vessel organization? A. A single vessel may have several names as it crosses specific anatomical boundaries B. Anastomoses often result in occlusions C. Peripheral distributions of arteries and veins on the body's left and right sides are absolutely identical D. Tissues and organs are generally serviced by a single artery and a single vein
A
Which of the following is false concerning monocytes? A. about the same size as basophils B. are long-lived C. can phagocytize bacteria D. enter tissues and wander E. become macrophages
A
Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the A. fibrinogens B. transport proteins C. immunoglobulins D. platelets E. albumins
C
Platelet factor (PF-3) is a factor in the ________ pathway. A. retraction B. extrinsic C. intrinsic D. common E. fibrinolytic
C
Regarding the distribution of the body's total blood volume, most is found in the: A. systemic arterial system B. pulmonary circuit C. systemic venous system D. systemic capillaries
C
The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of each of the various types of white blood cells. A. reticulocyte count B. hematocrit C. differential count D. mean corpuscular volume E. complete blood count
C
The chief differences between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of A. glucose B. water C. proteins D. nitrogen wastes E. electrolyes
C
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the A. conversion of prothrombin to thrombin B. sticking of platelets to damaged tissue C. release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium D. release of heparin from the liver E. activation of Factor VII exposed to collagen
C
The function of red blood cells is to A. carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells B. defend the body against infectious organisms C. carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells D. carry carbon dioxide from the lungs to the body's cells E. both carry carbon dioxide from the lungs to the body's cells and carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells
C
The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the A. conversion of prothrombin to thrombin B. sticking of platelets to damaged tissue C. activation of proenzymes exposed to collagen D. release of heparin from the liver E. release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium
C
The most abundant component of plasma is A. proteins B. gases C. water D. nutrients E. Ions
C
The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are A. globulins B. lipoproteins C. albumins D. transport proteins E. fibrinogens
C
The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the A. differential cell count B. packed volume C. hematocrit D. viscosity E. specific gravity
C
The process of red blood cell production is called A. erythropenia B. hematopenia C. erythropoiesis D. hemocytosis E. erythrocytosis
C
Tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the ________ pathway. A. retraction B. common C. extrinsic D. fibrinolytic E. intrinsic
C
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor? A. antibodies are one type B. often elevated in allergic individuals C. hormone that regulates blood cell formation D. releases histamine E. kills bacteria using cytotoxic chemicals
C
Which of the following is characteristic of a typical artery? A. absent internal elastic membrane of tunica intima B. smooth endothelium C. thick tunica media, dominated by smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers D. usually flattened, or collapsed, general appearance in sectional view
C
Which of the following proteins functions to store or transport oxygen? A. transferrin B. albumin C. hemoglobin D. immunoglobulin E. All of the answers are correct
C
Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false? A. Red cells can form stacks called rouleaux B. Red cells are biconcave discs C. Red cells are about 18 µm in diameter D. Red cells are specialized for carrying oxygen E. Red cells lack mitochondria
C
Which of these descriptions best matches the term lymphocytes? A. release histamine B. often elevated in allergic individuals C. defend against specific pathogens or toxins D. become macrophages E. kill bacteria using cytotoxic chemicals
C
White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are A. lymphocytes B. eosinophils C. basophils D. monocytes E. neutrophils
C
Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by A. the kidneys B. the spleen C. megakaryocytes D. the liver E. platelets
D
Platelets are A. red cells that lack a nucleus B. tiny cells with a polynucleus C. blue cells that have a nucleus D. cytoplasmic fragments of large cells E. large cells with a prominent, concave nucleus
D
Rouleaux refers to the ability of RBCs to A. live without a nucleus B. squeeze through small capillaries smaller than their cell diameter C. establish a large surface area-to-volume ratio D. form stacks E. carry hemoglobin
D
The common pathway of coagulation begins with the A. release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium B. conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin C. sticking of platelets to damaged tissue D. conversion of Factor X to prothrombin activator E. activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen
D
The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is A. thrombin B. fibrinase C. heparin D. plasmin E. phosphokinase
D
The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following except A. during anemia B. as a consequence of hemorrhage C. at high altitudes D. during periods of fasting E. when blood flow to the kidneys is disrupted
D
The venous system: A. is a high pressure system B. contains one-third of the body's total volume of blood C. consists of vessels (veins) that cannot constrict D. consists of vessels (veins) that have valves
D
The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from A. extensive breakdown of RBCs B. destruction of hemoglobin C. excessive amounts of bilirubin in the plasma D. All of the answers are correct E. None of the answers are correct
D
When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect A. a rise in hematocrit B. a drop in oxygen levels C. the release of erythropoietin D. All of the answers are corect E. None of the answers are correct
D
When blood is fractionated, its components are ________ for the purpose of analysis. A. combined B. marked C. returned to the body D. separated E. lysed
D