Biol 252L labs 1-3 GRQ and Quizzes

The sella turcica is a depression in the _________ bone that houses the pituitary gland.

sphenoid

The occipital condyles form a joint with the first cervical vertebrae. Which of the vertebra's structures forms the joint? A. the anterior vertebral arch B. superior articular processes C. the dens D. the body of the vertebra E. inferior articular processes F. costal articular processes

superior articular processes

For most of the spinal cord, a given spinal segment is located more _________ than the corresponding spinal nerve's exit from the vertebral canal. A. superiorly B. inferiorly C. laterally D. posteriorly E. medially F. anteriorly

superiorly

(Check all that apply) What explains why the cervical and lumbar enlargements are larger than the spinal cord between them? A. There are more neurons in these regions that receive information from the limbs B. The neurons between the enlargements are smaller, but approximately equal in number to those in the enlargements C. There are more neurons in these regions that send information to the limbs D. The spinal nerves have to narrow to pass through the intervertebral foramen

-There are more neurons in these regions that receive information from the limbs -There are more neurons in these regions that send information to the limbs

Check ALL that apply: If it is part of an ascending pathway, a neuron that has its cell body in the dorsal horn will... A. have its axon traveling with a spinal nerve B. have its axon in a white matter column C. be a sensory neuron D. synapse in the thalamus E. synapse in the cerebral cortex

-have its axon in a white matter column -synapse in the thalamus

(Check all that apply) An upper motor neuron... A. may have its cell body in the primary motor cortex B. is an interneuron C. is a motor neuron D. synapses in the dorsal horn E. synapses in the ventral horn F. may have its cell body in the thalamus

-synapses in the ventral horn -is an interneuron -may have its cell body in the primary motor cortex

A monosynaptic reflex involves a total of _____ neurons.

2

The cerebellum and the pons surround the _____. A. lateral ventricles B. 4th ventricle C. 2nd ventricle D. cerebral aqueduct E. 3rd ventricle

4th ventricle

Identify the type of movement associated with each joint. A. Nodding "yes," flexion B. Turning head "no," rotation 1. Skull-atlas 2. Atlas-axis

A B

Match the nervous structure with the cavity that it surrounds. A. Lateral ventricle B. 4th ventricle C. 3rd ventricle D. Cerebral aqueduct 1. Cerebral hemisphere 2. Pons & cerebellum 3. Diencephalon. 4. Midbrain

A, B, C, D

Match the functional grouping with the appropriate part of the spinal cord. A. Ventral horn B. Dorsal horn C. Lateral horn 1. Somatic motor neurons originate here 2. Visceral motor neurons originate here 3. Sensory neurons terminate here

A, C, B

Match the functional grouping of the peripheral nervous system with the central nervous system structure with which it begins or ends. A. Ventral horn B. Lateral horn C. Dorsal horn 1. Somatic motor 2. Somatic sensory 3. Visceral motor 4. Visceral sensory

A, C, B, C

In what ways are the spinal cord and brain similar? Check ALL that apply. A. The tissue of the brain/spinal cord surrounds a central cavity(ies). B. There is gray matter superficial to white matter. C. They have white matter surrounding gray matter. D. They are derived from the neural tube.

A, C, D

Match the following brain regions/structures with the appropriate function. A. Filters (limits) sensory information from conscious thought B. Recognizes social cues and elicits emotions and memory C. Contains cardiovascular and respiratory centers 1. Limbic system 2. Reticular formation 3. Medulla

B, A, C

Match the cell bodies of neurons with their location. A. Ventral horn of the spinal cord B. Dorsal horn of the spinal cord C. Dorsal root ganglia D. Sympathetic chain ganglia 1. Sensory neuron cell bodies 2. Motor neuron cell bodies 3. Interneuron cell bodies 4. Sympathetic neuron cell bodies

B, A, C, D

Arrange the brain regions from highest (superior) to lowest (inferior). A. Medulla B. Cerebrum C. Pons D. Diencephalon E. Midbrain

B, D, E, C, A

Portions of the sacral vertebrae fused during development to form the sacrum. Match the vertebral landmarks with those that they form in the sacrum. A. Sacral canal B. Alae C. Median sacral crest 1. Spinous processes 2. Vertebral canal 3. Transverse processes

C A B

What vertebra is nicknamed, the vertebra prominens?

C7

What structure in the midbrain is comprised of axons traveling to/from the cerebrum? A. Substantia nigra B. Red nucleus C. Cerebral peduncles D. Corpora quadrigemina E. Cerebellar peduncles

Cerebral peduncles

Match the hole with the nervous structure that passes through it. If you don't remember your cranial nerves, you may need to review the previous lab manual chapter. A. Optic nerve B.Spinal cord C. Vestibulocochlear nerve D. Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens nerves E. Trigeminal nerve 1. Superior orbital fissure 2. Optic canal 3. Foramen magnum 4. Internal acoustic meatus 5. Infraorbital foramen

D, A, B, C, E

Match the function of bone on the left with a an example of that function in use on the right. A. The body's mass is suspended from bones and rest upon bones B. Calcium is released from bones to restore the calcium levels in body fluids C. Muscles exert force against bones D. The lungs are surrounded by the ribs 1. Protection 2. Electrolyte balance 3. Movement 4. Support

D, B, C, A

Which of the following offers the best explanation for the tremors seen in Parkinson's disease? A. Dysfunction of the midbrain allows the basal nuclei to be unregulated. B. Antagonistic pairs of muscles are dysfunctional and the nervous system can't control them. C. Dysfunction of the basal nuclei allows the midbrain to be unregulated.

Dysfunction of the midbrain allows the basal nuclei to be unregulated.

Which of the following best explains the significance of the gyri and sulci of the cerebrum? A. The gyri divide the brain up into lobes so we can more easily name the parts. B. The sulci divide the brain up into lobes so we can more easily name the parts. C. Gyri are ridges and sulci are grooves. D. Gyri and sulci allow a significant volume of CNS to reside in the subarachnoid space. E. Gyri and sulci allow a large surface area to the cerebral cortex, permitting space for more synapses.

Gyri and sulci allow a large surface area to the cerebral cortex, permitting space for more synapses.

The passage for cranial nerve VIII is called the ___. A. Optic canal B. Foramen magnum C. Intervertebral foramen D. Internal acoustic meatus E. Superior orbital fissure F. Maxillary foramen

Internal acoustic meatus

Which of the following is NOT found anywhere within the dorsal root, ventral root, or spinal nerve? A. Sensory neuron cell bodies B. Interneuron axons C. Motor axons D. Sensory axons

Interneuron axons

Through what bony structure does the spinal nerve pass? A. Articular process B. Vertebral foramen C. Transverse process D. Foramen magnum E. Intervertebral foramen

Intervertebral foramen

A fractured vertebra damages the left ventral root of a single spinal nerve. What is the impact to the patient's left side? A. Neither motor control nor sensation to the region supplied by that spinal nerve. B. No motor control in the region supplied by that spinal nerve. C. No sensation in the region supplied by that spinal nerve.

No motor control in the region supplied by that spinal nerve.

The region of the spinal cord that communicates with the L1 spinal nerves is located ___. A. At the first lumbar vertebra B. Superior to the first lumbar vertebra C. Inferior to the first lumbar vertebra

Superior to the first lumbar vertebra

Which of the following bones contribute to the squamous suture? Check all that apply. A. Ethmoid B. Frontal C. Parietal D. Zygomatic E. Occipital F. Maxillary G. Temporal

Temporal, parietal

Why are the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal spinal nerves present within the lumbar vertebral canal? A. The spinal cord no longer resides in the these regions but the spinal nerves still pass through on their way to the approbpriate intervertebral foramen. B. The spinal cord becomes the filum terminale, so there's nothing left but spinal nerves in this region. C. The spinal cord grows more slowly, but will reach the lower parts of the vertebral canal in adulthood. D. Spinal nerves pass through the thoracic vertebral canal on their way to the appropriate intervertebral foramen in the sacrum and coccyx.

The spinal cord no longer resides in the these regions but the spinal nerves still pass through on their way to the appropriate intervertebral foramen.

(Check all that apply) Which structures contain motor neurons? A. Dorsal ramus B. Dorsal root ganglion C. Ventral ramus D. Ventral root E. Dorsal root

Ventral ramus Ventral root Dorsal ramus

Which of the following bones form the orbit? Check all that apply. A. Temporal B. Zygomatic C. Ethmoid D. Frontal E. Sphenoid F. Occipital G. Maxillary H. Lacrimal

Zygomatic Ethmoid Frontal Sphenoid Maxillary Lacrimal

Axons traveling from the olfactory cortex to the ipsilateral prefrontal cortex would be _____. A. projection fibers B. within the corpus callosum C. commissural fibers D. association fibers

association fibers

The grouping of ventral rami that travel to innervate the upper limb is called the " _________ plexus."

brachial

"____________ fibers" are those axons that connect one cortex to the cortex of the opposite hemisphere. The vast majority of these fibers cross a the corpus callosum.

commissural

In long bones, the outermost dense layer of tissue is called ___________ bone. The shaft of a long bone is capped on either end by and expanded "head" region called the __________ . These regions are covered with a layer of hyaline cartilage called the _______________ cartilage because of its role in forming joints.

compact epiphysis articular

The ___________ is the division of the diecephalon that contains the choroid plexus and the pineal body. The __________ is the "relay station," where many neurons of ascending pathways synapse. The lower part of the diencephalon is called the ________________ , and it is responsible for controling the autonomic nervous system and body temperature.

epithalamus thalamus hypothalamus

The sympathetic chain contains a group of cell bodies called the sympathetic chain ______________ . This structure contains a second cell body for the sympathetic nervous system, the first in the series being found in the ________ horn of spinal segments T1-L2. The purpose of the _____________ rami is to carry visceral motor and visceral sensory neurons to and from this sympathetic chain.

ganglia lateral communicating

The spinal cord achieves the function of locomotion through __________. A. a flexor reflex B. groups of neurons called central pattern generators C. sensory neurons in the brain that initiate walking and determine its speed, distance and direction D. involuntary stereotyped responses to stimuli E. pools of spinal neurons that receive input from the eyes and ears

groups of neurons called central pattern generators

In the __________ , various reflex centers are found, such as those that regulate cardiovascular, respiratory, and other reflexive autonomic functions.

medulla oblongata

What is the function of the Spinal accessory cranial nerve? A. motor innervation to pharynx B. motor innervation to neck muscles C. motor innervation to chewing muscles D. motor innervation to extrinsic eye muscles E. motor to facial expression muscles

motor innervation to neck muscles

Coming from the back of the eye, the optic ___ joins its partner from the opposite side, forming the optic ___. From there, the optic ___ continue on to the brain. A. chiasm, nerve, tracts B. nerve, tract, chiasms C. nerve, chiasm, tracts D. tract, nerve, chiasms E. chiasm, tract, nerves F. tract, chiasm, nerves

nerve, chiasm, tracts

The innermost of the meninges is the ______ mater.

pia

Which of the following is in direct contact with the brain?

pia mater

The primary motor cortex resides on what part of the cerebral hemispheres?

precentral gyrus

Axons traveling from the gustatory cortex to the medulla would be _____. A. within the corpus callosum B. projection fibers C. association fibers D. commissural fibers

projection fibers

Classify each of the features of bones as either a "projection" (a thing that sticks out) or as a "depression" (a thing that has a concavity): Process Sulcus Spine Trochanter projection Fossa depression Tubercle projection Fovea depression Tuberosity projection

projection, depression, projection, projection, depression, projection, depression, projection

When the sacral vertebrae fuse, their vertebral foramina form the " _______ canal."

sacral

Which type of vertebra has facets on its body, on its transverse processes, and on its articular processes? A. cervical B. thoracic C. lumbar D. sacral

thoracic

Complete the sentences regarding the types of ribs. A rib that articulates with the sternum by its own costal cartilage is called a ________ rib, but one that that does not articulate with the sternum by its own costal cartilage is a __________ rib. Those that do not articulate with the sternum at all are called ___________ ribs.

true false floating