Biology

What do scanning electron microscopes and transmission electron microscopes have in common?

Both require a vacuum.

Which type of bond is found in many carbon-to-carbon bonds in canola oil, but very few carbon-to-carbon bonds in butter?

C=C

Which statement about carbohydrates is true?

Carbohydrates provide energy for living things.

The endosymbiotic theory states that chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved as a result of

a prokaryotic cell engulfing a bacterial cell.

Which food is the least healthy source of lipids, based on the data in the table?

butter

What is the basic unit of structure and function of all living organisms?

cell

Which organelle is labeled G?

cell membrane

Which is a part of the cell theory?

cells come from pre-existing cells

The study of which structure was instrumental in the formulation of the modern cell theory?

DNA molecule

Which is a difference between proteins and carbohydrates and fats?

Excess carbohydrates and fats are stored; excess proteins are not.

Who first identified nucleic acids, and where were they discovered?

Friedrich Meischer discovered nucleic acids in blood cells.

Which organelle is labeled A?

Golgi apparatus

What was Rudolph Virchow's contribution to the cell theory?

He concluded that all cells come from preexisting cells.

Which statement best describes a direct result of damage to a phospholipid bilayer?

The balance of ions inside a cell will be disrupted and proteins could leak out because the phospholipid bilayer forms the cell membrane.

Carbohydrates provide energy for living things.

The body will break down glycogen from the liver.

A scientist is studying a cell and can clearly see that it has ribosomes and mitochondria. Which statement best describes how the cell could be classified?

The cell is eukaryotic because it contains mitochondria.

A student wonders whether removing the nucleus from a cell would result in a new prokaryotic cell. Why would this procedure fail to produce a prokaryotic cell?

The cell would lack genetic information.

A biologist is studying a structure that is made up of two layers of phospholipids. What is she most likely studying?

cell membranes

Which plant-cell organelle supports and maintains the cell's shape and protects the cell from damage?

cell wall

Which organelle is not found in plant cells?

centrioles

Which organelle is labeled I?

chloroplast

Which microscope did Robert Hooke use to study tree bark?

compound light microscope

Which is a function of the cell membrane?

controls what enters and leaves the cell

Which food item contains a lot of processed simple sugars?

cookie

In which specimen were cells first identified?

cork bark

Which cell structure serves the stated function in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

cytoplasm: protects cell structures

How many amino acids are found in living organisms?

20

What scientific knowledge about macromolecules is a direct result of Gerardus Johnannes Mulder's 1838 discovery?

All proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Why is cellulose considered to be a complex carbohydrate?

It is composed of a complex arrangement of glucose molecules.

The diagram shows a simple lipid. What type of lipid is shown?

saturated

Which fat has only single bonds between the carbon atoms in the fatty acid?

saturated

Which two microscopes generate three-dimensional images?

scanning electron microscope and scanning tunneling microscope

Which discovery supported the endosymbiotic theory?

DNA in mitochondria

Which recent discovery led to a new understanding of how genetic mutations increase the risk of cancer?

BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes

Which reason provides the best explanation of why a bar graph was selected to show the data in the table?

Bar graphs are used to compare separate items.

In an oil spill, why does the oil not mix with the sea water?

Lipids are hydrophobic.

According to the cell theory, which describes cells?

Living organisms are not created spontaneously.

Which best describes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)?

Mitochondrial DNA can be traced for generations.

What effect has breast cancer research had on society?

People who have gene mutations have more treatment options.

Who discovered the monomers of nucleic acids?

Phoebus Levene

Which component makes each amino acid unique?

R group

Two cells in the same organism differ only in the number of chloroplasts they contain. The first cell has multiple chloroplasts, and the second cell has very few. What would most likely characterize these cells?

The second cell would not be able to produce as much food because it could not capture sunlight.

What do insulin and glucagon have in common?

They are both hormones that regulate blood-sugar levels.

What function do chloroplasts perform?

They use light energy to make food for the plant.

Based on the endosymbiotic theory, what cell would result from the endosymbiosis of a cell with a cyanobacterium?

a eukaryotic cell that can make its own food

Which three components are common to all amino acids?

an amino group, a carboxyl group, and an R group

Jun is at risk for heart disease so he is watching his cholesterol levels. He refers to the table below to choose what is best for his health.

bagel with peanut butter

Jada wants to eat a meal that will sustain her energy during a long run. Which of these food items is the best source of long-term energy?

baked potato

According to the cell theory, which structure contains cells?

blood

The body will break down glycogen from the liver.

glycogen, because it is a polysaccharide

Which provides long-term energy storage?

glycogen, because it is a polysaccharide

Which is a component of a phospholipid?

hydrophilic head

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down waste material and debris in the cell?

lysosome

The table lists some organelles and functions. Only one pair is correctly matched. Which organelle in the table is correctly matched with its function?

nucleus

Which was the first cell viewed by the light microscope?

oak bark

Which element is found in nucleic acids but not in proteins?

phosphorus

Which is a main function of lipids?

providing energy storage

Lactase is an enzyme that is produced in the lining of the intestines. This enzyme helps the body speed up the breakdown of carbohydrates that are found in dairy products, such as milk, yogurt, and cheese. Which general function does lactase perform?

regulating cell processes

A diseased cell is no longer able to produce proteins. Which cell structure is most likely malfunctioning?

ribosome

Through which microscope were cells first observed?

simple microscope

Living organisms break down polysaccharides into

simple sugars.

If a carbon atom is bonded to two hydrogen atoms and two carbon atoms, what type of bond must exist between the carbon atoms?

single

In which form do plants store energy?

starch

What type of lipid is estrogen?

steroid

The discovery of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) had no effect on which area of scientific investigation?

study of cork bark

Which is a disaccharide?

sucrose

Which lipid acts as a chemical messenger?

testosterone

What is the function of the organelles that are labeled F?

to move proteins and other substances through the cell

Which is a function of nucleic acids?

transmit genetic information

Where is most of a healthy person's fat stored?

under the skin and around organs

Which organelle is labeled A?

vacuole