Biology 1010 Ch5
Where are algae biofuels obtained?
Algae grows in ponds and reactors.
How do biofuel production and use contribute to climate change?
Together, biofuel production and use are carbon-neutral.
Which of these is NOT a fossil fuel?
biofuels
Which statement is FALSE regarding photosynthesis?
- Chlorophyll absorbs light in the middle of the visible spectrum - In the second step, water splitting releases oxygen as a by-product.
If a person was using algae biofuel, how long would it take to replenish the source algae?
12 hours
Which wavelength of light is required for photosynthesis?
450 nm and 725 nm
A young husband and wife have decided that they want to grow algae to produce biofuels. They successfully harvest oils, carbohydrates, and proteins from the algae they have grown; however, they are left with hundreds of pounds of algal cell walls. How can they use these cell walls to assure that nothing from their operation is wasted?
Algal cell walls can be burned for electricity and heat or used for organic fertilizer.
What is the difference between biofuels and alternative fuels?
Alternative fuels are any energy source other than petroleum, whereas biofuels come from living organisms.
Which description occurs during the "synthesis" reactions of photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide is converted to glucose.
What is the major hurdle for sustainable biofuels?
Economic production for marketability is difficult to achieve.
Which statement is incorrect?
Energy flows from heterotrophs to autotrophs.
Which statement is TRUE concerning a person's heat production while jogging?
Energy is lost instead of propelling the person forward.
Does burning fossil fuels enhance or decrease photosynthesis?
Enhance: Burning fossil fuels releases CO2, which is a substrate for photosynthesis.
A farmer has decided to convert his overused, infertile land to grow algae for biofuel production. He successfully separates the harvested algae into its primary components and uses the oil to produce the desired biofuel. How can he use the separated proteins to assure that nothing from his operation is wasted?
He can feed the algal proteins to his livestock.
Which statement is NOT one of the ways photosynthetic organisms help the world?
Heterotrophs are a food source for autotrophs.
Which statement is FALSE regarding Rubisco?
It directly converts ATP and NADPH to glucose.
Can energy be created?
No, energy can be transformed from one form to another but not created.
Which statement is FALSE regarding photosynthetic organisms?
Processed oils from plants, algae, and fossils comprise biofuels.
If reaction X is more efficient than reaction Y, what can be predicted in terms of energy?
Reaction Y will heat up the environment more than reaction X.
Which aspect of algae biofuel production leads to its high cost?
Reactors require energy to maintain the algae culture and provide carbon dioxide.
Which statement is false regarding the conservation of energy principle?
Synthesizing complex molecules for cellular structures constitutes potential energy.
Which statement does NOT explain the importance of photosynthetic organisms to the planet?
They produce petroleum products.
The oxygen that we breathe in from plants is derived from:
Water
Which organism is an autotroph?
a pine tree
Which of these fuel sources requires the least amount of fertilizer to grow?
algae
Which fuel source is the most "green" or most environmentally friendly?
algae biofuel
Which fuel source replenishes in the least amount of time?
algae biofuel
What is a bioreactor?
an apparatus that contains appropriate nutrients for organism growth
Shivering (uncontrolled muscle contractions) warms a person up because shivering muscles:
are contracting more and releasing some energy as heat.
Oil reserves buried deep underground are _____.
are finite, take millions of years to replenish
If a car runs out of gas, the energy that was contained in the gas has:
been converted to several other forms of energy
The wavelength of visible light reflected by chlorophyll is _____ the wavelengths absorbed. The color(s) reflected by chlorophyll _____.
between; is green
Which color is most useful in photosynthesis?
blue
If someone wanted to develop a lighting apparatus (e.g., series of bulbs or tubes) that people in Alaska could use to grow vegetables indoors year-round, which wavelengths should be included in this product?
blue and red
In a comparison of two different light bulbs, one could infer which one is more efficient in terms of energy conversion by comparing:
bulb temperature.
In a comparison of two different light bulbs, one could infer which one is more efficient in terms of energy conversion by comparing: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choices
bulb temperature.
How does a plant convert sunlight to kinetic energy?
catabolism of glucose to power cellular functions
What do algae, cyanobacteria, and plants have in common?
cell walls, chloroplasts
What type of energy does the enzyme Rubisco produce?
chemical
Animal movement requires a conversion of energy from:
chemical to kinetic energy.
What organelle(s) would an algal cell need to be able to carry out photosynthesis?
chloroplast
Which algae and plant component is responsible for both the "photo" and the "synthesis" portions of photosynthesis?
chloroplast
Which part of the plant is responsible for converting light energy to chemical energy?
chloroplast
The organelle responsible for carrying out photosynthesis is the:
chloroplast.
Many species of algae appear green to a human because they contain green:
chloroplasts.
The principle that energy is neither created nor destroyed, it simply changes form, is referred to as the law of:
conservation of energy.
Which of these organisms is an autotroph?
corn
How can unfertile soil be rejuvenated and put to economic use?
culture and transplant photosynthetic microorganisms
Which of these organisms contain photosynthetic capabilities?
cyanobacteria, algae, and plants
Photosynthetic algae are:
eukaryotic autotrophs
The conversion of inorganic carbon to organic carbon is called carbon:
fixation.
Which fuel source contributes to greenhouse gas production?
fossil fuels
Which fuel source requires the most time to replenish?
fossil fuels
Which fuel source has a low impact on land use?
fossil fuels and algae biofuels
Which organism is NOT capable of converting light energy into glucose?
fungi
The MOST common end product of photosynthesis is:
glucose
Which molecule is not one of the substrates required for photosynthesis?
glucose
Some new devices are being tested, which could maximize the growth of plants by optimizing photosynthesis. Which of these would be the MOST direct way to measure photosynthesis in these tests?
glucose production by the plant
What comprises pond scum?
green algae
What is an advantage that algae biofuel has over plant-based biofuels?
growth occurs on unfertile soil
A hovercraft (that "hovers" over the surface, without touching the surface) traveling along a road should have less escape of _____ energy relative to a car driving the same distance.
heat
Generally, energy lost when transferring from one form to another is lost as:
heat
Algae that do not require sunlight and can obtain energy through utilizing sugars manufactured by plants are:
heterotrophs.
Which of these organisms is NOT an autotroph?
humans
Your plant is not doing a great job of making enough glucose to build cellulose for its cell walls. Which of these is MOST likely to help?
increasing the CO2 concentration in the air near the plant
Sunlight contains _____ energy.
kinetic
What type of energy is required to maintain carbon dioxide levels in the algae bioreactors?
kinetic
What form of energy is heat?
kinetic energy
"Heat" is best described as
kinetic energy associated with random particle motion.
Which of these is NOT used to grow algae?
large amounts of fertilizer and pesticides
What algal growth method is Jim Sears' company, Solix, and ExxonMobile utilizing in their biofuel production? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choices
large open-air tanks
What are the oils produced by algae?
lipids
What are the oils produced by plants and algae?
lipids
Which cellular structure(s) allow(s) organisms to carry out photosynthesis?
many chloroplasts
If plants are kept in the dark, they will:
not have sufficient chemical energy for the synthesis step in photosynthesis.
Which of these is NOT a renewable resource?
oil
What biofuel is available at the pump now?
only gasoline and diesel additives
The loss of which energy source would affect the United States the MOST?
petroleum
Algae that glow at night are termed:
phosphorescent
A particle of light energy is called a:
photon
Chloroplasts are found in the cells of:
photosynthetic organisms
Which fuel source is the LEAST beneficial for environmental impact?
plant-based biofuel
Which of these organisms can produce biofuels?
plants, algae, and microalgae
The main function of ATP produced during photosynthesis is to:
power the synthesis reaction
Which of these products produce the least amount of greenhouse gas emissions?
rapeseed, canola
Humans are considered heterotrophs because they:
rely on organic molecules from their diet as a source of energy
Which of these is NOT a biofuel precursor?
river water
Which of these is NOT a method for growing algae?
sand farm
Which organism is a type of algae?
seaweed
Which type of algae is grown for biofuel production?
single-celled pond scum
What is NOT one of the ways algae biofuel production costs are being reduced?
small-scale production using natural ponds
What form of energy excites electrons in the first reaction of photosynthesis?
sunlight
What provides the energy for photosynthesis?
sunlight
Which of these are needed for algae to have photosynthetic capabilities?
sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water
Photosynthesis would NOT occur in the absence of:
sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.
What do algae require for photosynthesis?
sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, nutrients
Which energy source and type are correctly matched?
the bond between two carbon atoms in glucose; potential energy
What is Rubisco?
the enzyme responsible for the first step of carbon fixation
The ultimate source of energy for photosynthetic organisms is:
the sun.
Algae are considered more valuable for biofuel production compared to plants such as corn because:
they grow on land that is unsuitable for food crops.
Which phrase BEST describes the "point" of the "photo" reactions of photosynthesis?
to capture the energy of sunlight in a chemical form
How many steps are required for photosynthesis to occur?
two
