Biology 102 study guide 3

What is a cotyledon?

Embryonic leaf

What are the Complex Tissues in a plant?

Epidermal, vascular, ground

What are the simple tissues in a plant?

Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

What are the major types of plant cells?

Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, water conducting cells, food conducting cells

Which kingdom do plants belong to?

Plantae

How do we define a fruit?

a plant that has seeds

What do we call the property that plants actually have two generations?

alternation of generations

What are the buds called on a plant that grow at the tips of roots and stems, and are responsible for elongation of plant parts?

axillary bud

What are some of the qualities that algae share with plants?

carry out photosynthesis, have cell walls

What pigment is absolutely necessary for photosynthesis?

chlorophyll

What major resource today is derived from vast fossilized forests of ancient ferns?

coal and fossil fuels

The seeds produced by Gymnosperms are contained in what reproductive part of the plant (analogous to fruit, but not fruit)?

cones or strobili

What is the waxy outer covering on the epidermis of plants that protects them from dehydration and disease?

cuticle

The group characterized by possessing two cotyledons is called?

dicots

The needles on a Gymnosperm are modifications of this part of a tree?

fascicle

List the characteristics of Monocots.

fibrous root system, veins usually parallel, dispersed vascular bundles, floral

Sieve-tube members and companion cells are classified as?

food conducting cells

What do we call the leaves on a fern?

fronds

Gametes are produced in special structures or tissues called what? (collective term)

gametangia

These generations differ from one another by the number of chromosomes they contain. What do we call the haploid generation?

gametophyte

Which plant generation is the dominant generation in Bryophytes?

gametophyte

Plants, unlike animals, have two distinctive adult forms, or generations, to their life cycle. What do we call these two generations?

gametophyte, sporophyte

List some of the reasons plants are important.

gives oxygen and food

What are the products of photosynthesis?

glucose oxygen water

What physical force determines which direction these parts grow?

gravity

What are three distinctive forms of algae?

green, red, brown

What do we call the rings of dividing tissue in a plant that are responsible for the increase in girth of a plant?

lateral meristems

What are the only parts of a plant that will carry out photosynthesis?

leaves

What organisms do the Bryophytes include?

liverworms, hornworts, mosses

By what process do plants produce spores?

meiosis

What do we call masses of actively dividing cells (the only ones) in a plant?

meristems

What do we call the ground tissue that makes up the photosynthetic part of a leaf?

mesophyll

By what process of cell division do plants produce gametes?

mitosis

The Angiosperms are further divided into two major groups. The group characterized by possessing one cotyledon is called?

monocots

Do Ferns, like angiosperms, produce seeds?

no

Do Bryophytes have vascular tissue? How do we refer to them then?

no, non-vascular

Are algae plants? If not, then what are they?

no, protists

What do we call the regions on a stem where leaves and/or new stems are attached?

node

Gymnosperms are better known as the what plants?

non-flowering seed producing vascular plant

What part of a flower eventually turns into a fruit?

ovary

Which vascular tissue is responsible for the transport of sugar and starches?

phloem

The reason why angiosperms are so successful is because they produce?

pollen

List some of the reasons that Angiosperms are important

produce flowers and fruits

There are two parts to a plant body, named according to the direction they grow. What are they?

roots and shoots

What are the major plant organs?

roots, stems and leaves

Gymnosperms can resist harsher environmental conditions than most other plants because they produce large amounts of?

sap

Fibers and sclereids are classified as?

sclerenchyma

Petals, thorns, sepals, stamens and pistils are all modifications of what plant part?

sepal

Ferns produce spores in sporangia. The sporangia are found in clusters that look like little brown dots on the bottom of fern leaves and are called what?

sori

Spores are produced in special structures called what?

sporangia

What do we call the diploid generation?

sporophyte

What is the dominant generation in Angiosperms and Gymnosperms?

sporophyte

Which plant generation is the dominant generation in Ferns?

sporophyte

Even though Ferns are considered vascular plants, what part of a fern plant lacks vascular tissue?

stems

What do we call the tiny pores in a leaf for gas exchange and control of water loss?

stoma

Angiosperms are better known as what group of plants?

the flowering plants

What word describes the process of water loss by a plant through its leaves to cool itself off and aid in the movement of nutrients from the soil?

transpiration

What do we call masses of vascular tissue in a plant (these are typically referred to as "veins")?

vascular traces

List the characteristics of Dicots?

veins usually branched, vascular bundles usually in ring, floral parts in multiples of 5, taproot system

Bryophytes, like Ferns, need what substance in order to reproduce sexually?

water

Tracheids and vessel elements are classified as?

water conducting cells

Which vascular tissue is responsible for the transport of water and dissolved nutrients?

xylem

Do all plants make their own food?

yes

Do ferns possess vascular tissue?

yes

Do plants make gametes, like sperm and eggs?

yes

By what criteria are these two generations named?

"male" "female" the reproductive cells