Biology 102 study guide 3
What is a cotyledon?
Embryonic leaf
What are the Complex Tissues in a plant?
Epidermal, vascular, ground
What are the simple tissues in a plant?
Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma
What are the major types of plant cells?
Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, water conducting cells, food conducting cells
Which kingdom do plants belong to?
Plantae
How do we define a fruit?
a plant that has seeds
What do we call the property that plants actually have two generations?
alternation of generations
What are the buds called on a plant that grow at the tips of roots and stems, and are responsible for elongation of plant parts?
axillary bud
What are some of the qualities that algae share with plants?
carry out photosynthesis, have cell walls
What pigment is absolutely necessary for photosynthesis?
chlorophyll
What major resource today is derived from vast fossilized forests of ancient ferns?
coal and fossil fuels
The seeds produced by Gymnosperms are contained in what reproductive part of the plant (analogous to fruit, but not fruit)?
cones or strobili
What is the waxy outer covering on the epidermis of plants that protects them from dehydration and disease?
cuticle
The group characterized by possessing two cotyledons is called?
dicots
The needles on a Gymnosperm are modifications of this part of a tree?
fascicle
List the characteristics of Monocots.
fibrous root system, veins usually parallel, dispersed vascular bundles, floral
Sieve-tube members and companion cells are classified as?
food conducting cells
What do we call the leaves on a fern?
fronds
Gametes are produced in special structures or tissues called what? (collective term)
gametangia
These generations differ from one another by the number of chromosomes they contain. What do we call the haploid generation?
gametophyte
Which plant generation is the dominant generation in Bryophytes?
gametophyte
Plants, unlike animals, have two distinctive adult forms, or generations, to their life cycle. What do we call these two generations?
gametophyte, sporophyte
List some of the reasons plants are important.
gives oxygen and food
What are the products of photosynthesis?
glucose oxygen water
What physical force determines which direction these parts grow?
gravity
What are three distinctive forms of algae?
green, red, brown
What do we call the rings of dividing tissue in a plant that are responsible for the increase in girth of a plant?
lateral meristems
What are the only parts of a plant that will carry out photosynthesis?
leaves
What organisms do the Bryophytes include?
liverworms, hornworts, mosses
By what process do plants produce spores?
meiosis
What do we call masses of actively dividing cells (the only ones) in a plant?
meristems
What do we call the ground tissue that makes up the photosynthetic part of a leaf?
mesophyll
By what process of cell division do plants produce gametes?
mitosis
The Angiosperms are further divided into two major groups. The group characterized by possessing one cotyledon is called?
monocots
Do Ferns, like angiosperms, produce seeds?
no
Do Bryophytes have vascular tissue? How do we refer to them then?
no, non-vascular
Are algae plants? If not, then what are they?
no, protists
What do we call the regions on a stem where leaves and/or new stems are attached?
node
Gymnosperms are better known as the what plants?
non-flowering seed producing vascular plant
What part of a flower eventually turns into a fruit?
ovary
Which vascular tissue is responsible for the transport of sugar and starches?
phloem
The reason why angiosperms are so successful is because they produce?
pollen
List some of the reasons that Angiosperms are important
produce flowers and fruits
There are two parts to a plant body, named according to the direction they grow. What are they?
roots and shoots
What are the major plant organs?
roots, stems and leaves
Gymnosperms can resist harsher environmental conditions than most other plants because they produce large amounts of?
sap
Fibers and sclereids are classified as?
sclerenchyma
Petals, thorns, sepals, stamens and pistils are all modifications of what plant part?
sepal
Ferns produce spores in sporangia. The sporangia are found in clusters that look like little brown dots on the bottom of fern leaves and are called what?
sori
Spores are produced in special structures called what?
sporangia
What do we call the diploid generation?
sporophyte
What is the dominant generation in Angiosperms and Gymnosperms?
sporophyte
Which plant generation is the dominant generation in Ferns?
sporophyte
Even though Ferns are considered vascular plants, what part of a fern plant lacks vascular tissue?
stems
What do we call the tiny pores in a leaf for gas exchange and control of water loss?
stoma
Angiosperms are better known as what group of plants?
the flowering plants
What word describes the process of water loss by a plant through its leaves to cool itself off and aid in the movement of nutrients from the soil?
transpiration
What do we call masses of vascular tissue in a plant (these are typically referred to as "veins")?
vascular traces
List the characteristics of Dicots?
veins usually branched, vascular bundles usually in ring, floral parts in multiples of 5, taproot system
Bryophytes, like Ferns, need what substance in order to reproduce sexually?
water
Tracheids and vessel elements are classified as?
water conducting cells
Which vascular tissue is responsible for the transport of water and dissolved nutrients?
xylem
Do all plants make their own food?
yes
Do ferns possess vascular tissue?
yes
Do plants make gametes, like sperm and eggs?
yes
By what criteria are these two generations named?
"male" "female" the reproductive cells
