Biology 1322 chapter 12 review

Which of the following nutrients need to be supplied first by solid foods in a baby's diet?

Vitamin C and iron

Which of these types of foods is fortified with folate in order to reduce the occurrence of neural tube defects?

Wheat bread

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants receive breastfeeding exclusively for the first 12 months.

false

The fiber recommendation for the older adult population is 7 to 14 grams per day.

false

The prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia is higher in non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white children compared to Mexican-American children.

false

The rates and patterns of growth in teens should be compared to their peers' growth to measure adequacy.

false

National surveys suggest that children and adolescents are the farthest from reaching the recommendations for ________.

green vegetables and legumes

to promote breastfeeding, every maternity facility should ____.

help the mother start breastfeeding within one-half hour of birth

More than 70 percent of all older adults can be expected to have ____

hypertension

Which of the following is associated with bifidus factors?

increased "good" bacterial growth

The biological changes associated with aging ____

occur in all, but the rate may be altered by nutrition and lifestyle

To identify allergic reactions, foods should be introduced to an infant _______.

one at a time

Which of these foods would enhance the absorption of iron?

oranges

The placenta is the ____.

organ from which the infant receives nourishment

A continued desire for new knowledge and new experiences is one of the characteristics associated with good physical and mental health in later years.

true

A pregnant woman's nutrient needs are higher than usual, but her energy needs are not increased during the first trimester.

true

After the age of one, a child's growth rate slows up.

true

Alterations in taste and smell sensitivities may result in changes of food preferences during pregnancy.

true

Bathing, dressing, and feeding oneself are examples of activities of daily living self-care activities.

true

Breast milk contains powerful agents that protect against bacterial infection.

true

Childhood obesity and hypertension are linked to the development of atherosclerosis and heart disease in adulthood.

true

Cow's milk is considered to be a suitable form of nutrition after an infant is 1-year old.

true

Effective obesity interventions for children tend to include a decrease in the amount of "screen time".

true

Improved life expectancy has resulted from better prenatal and postnatal care and more effective means of combating disease in older adults.

true

In proportion to size, babies need more than twice as much of many nutrients when compared to adults.

true

Iron in the diet is present in the form of heme iron found in foods from animal sources, in nonheme iron found in some plant foods, and in foods that have been iron-enriched or fortified.

true

It is recommended that parents introduce new foods at the beginning of a meal when the child is hungry.

true

Low weight gain during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of having a low-birthweight baby.

true

Older persons who have problems with the activities of daily living (ADL) are more likely to be at risk for malnutrition.

true

Schools participating in the National School Lunch and/or School Breakfast programs are required to develop a school wellness policy to promote a healthy lifestyle in their students.

true

Television viewing has been shown to be a contributing factor in childhood obesity.

true

The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a tool used to measure how well people's diets meet the Dietary Guidelines for consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, dairy, and other foods or nutrients.

true

The Institute of Medicine's Committee on Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention recommends making schools a national focus point for obesity.

true

Supplements of _______ are not recommended for the elderly since absorption increases as we age.

vitamin A

Breast milk contains ample amounts of vitamins except _____

vitamin D

Skin becomes less able to synthesize ____ as aging progresses.

vitamin D

The National School Lunch program is designed to follow the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and to provide at least ____ of the child's nutritional requirements for the day.

1/3

A woman who needs 2,000 calories daily to satisfy her energy needs can expect to consume _____ calories per day in the third trimester of her pregnancy.

2,450

What would be a normal body weight after 1 year for a healthy infant with a birthweight of 8 lb?

24 lb

Testing for gestational diabetes is usually done ______.

24 to 28 weeks

Maya's BMI is 23.8. Assuming her weight remains the same, how much weight should she gain for a healthy pregnancy?

25 to 35 pounds

Normal weight gain during pregnancy amounts to about _____ pounds for a woman who begins pregnancy underweight.

28 to 40

finally, Maya is pregnant, but she and Bob decide to wait until the 14th week of gestation before telling family and friends. What stage of pregnancy is Maya in?

2nd trimester

Which of the following is the standard classification for a low-birthweight infant?

5 1/2 lb or less

What is the life expectancy in the United States?

76 (males), 81 years (females)

A child who is overweight should be allowed as much food as desired since proper growth requires adequate nutrition.

false

Which food added to an infant's diet would help prevent iron-deficiency anemia?

Enriched cereal

Which factors are primarily responsible for the rapid increases in overweight children and adolescents in recent years?

Environmental and societal factors

What is gestational diabetes?

Abnormal blood glucose tolerance during pregnancy.

How much additional protein do pregnant women need per day?

An additional 25 grams

Sue is visiting her pregnant cousin Anna and notices that she is eating laundry starch and clay when watching TV at night. What is going on?

Anna is experiencing pica.

which of the following is a nutrient-related health issue that is often seen during adolescent years?

Anorexia nervosa

When boys and girls are compared, why do girls typically have iron intakes below the current recommendation?

Because girls consume fewer total calories than boys

What is a primary indicator of an infant's future health status?

Birthweight of the infant

_______ is a secretion rich in antibodies that precedes the production of milk by the breast.

Colostrum

Juan's father has been depressed ever since he retired and has lost his interest in eating. What can be done to help him?

Encourage Juan's father and mother to eat at their community center with their friends.

During one of Maya's prenatal appointments, the doctor tells her that her blood pressure is elevated. She tells Maya that some of the symptoms she is experiencing are indications that she may be developing preeclampsia. What else does Maya's doctor tell her about this condition?

Excess protein in the urine is detected.

Which nutrient should Maya make sure she is consuming adequately prior to becoming pregnant to reduce the risk of neural tube defects?

Folate

In which way might dental disease lead to declines in a person's nutrition status?

It may lead to difficulty chewing and thus reduce food intake.

A minimum of 4 ½ servings of fruits and vegetables daily is recommended for reducing the risk of chronic diseases and their complications.

false

Bob is concerned about Maya and urges her to start eating more food, especially high-fat foods. Which recommendation about weight gain during pregnancy is correct?

Maya does not need additional calories until the second and third trimesters.

__________ often predisposes a person to a sedentary life and may give rise to obesity.

Osteoarthritis

Which aspect of Bella's lifestyle should she probably consider changing in order to grow old healthfully?

She practices reactive health care, seeking assistance only when problems occur.

Maya takes Accutane (isotretinoin) for acne and hopes to continue using it during her pregnancy. What advice would you give her?

Stop taking it immediately as it causes major birth defects, and consult your doctor.

Juan is overweight already and Rosa is concerned that if he doesn't lose weight, he will eventually have heart disease. What steps should Juan take to minimize this risk?

Swap saturated fat sources for unsaturated fat sources.

Which recommendation should be disregarded by Juan and Rosa in their efforts to offset bone loss that typically occurs with aging?

Take a vitamin A supplement once each day.

Which statement accurately describes the energy requirements of older adults like Juan's and Rosa's parents?

The recommended energy allowance decreases as we age due to lowered basal metabolic rates.

Adults age 65 years and older typically have lower quality diets compared to younger and middle-aged adults.

false

During pregnancy, absorption of both calcium and iron decreases dramatically

false

Todd is a full-time student on a limited food budget who, fortunately, has access to a kitchen and likes to cook his own meals. He always buys vegetables and fruits that are in season in order to save money. During the fall, he chooses ____.

apples, pears, and acorn and butternut squash

The American Academy of Pediatrics has taken the position that women should stop drinking alcohol ____.

as soon as they plan to become pregnant

How much physical activity is recommended for children

at least 60 minutes

It is important to assess the intake of all the sources of nutrients to be sure that overall consumption meets or exceeds the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) of the Dietary Reference Intakes.

false

Most doctors recommend that pregnant women take a prenatal vitamin and mineral supplement every day in addition to eating a healthy diet.

false

Most vitamin B12 deficiencies seen in older adults are due to inadequate intake.

false

Overweight children are likely to ____.

become overweight adults

infants fed honey are at increased risk for

botulism.

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy ____.

can result in fetal alcohol syndrome

The best way to be sure teenagers are growing normally is to ___

compare their heights and weights with previous measures taken

Just like adults, many children ____.

eat a diet low in fruits and vegetables and have a lifestyle low in activity

To reduce the risk of macular degeneration, Juan and Rosa should ____.

eat foods rich in antioxidants, such as cantaloupe

Aging usually decrease one's need for ______.

energy