Sectional Anatomy Head and Neck Test 1

the superior cistern is also called the cisterna communicans

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the cisterns of the brain? -the chiasmatic cistern is continuous with tthe interpeduncular cisterm -the cerebellomudullary cistern receives CSF through the foramen of Magendie -the circle of Willis is in the interpeduncular cistern -the superior cistern is also called the cisterna communicans

middle cerebral artery-longitudinal fissure

Which of these is NOT a correct match between a vessel and a space it travels through? basilar artery-pontine cistern internal carotid artery-cavernous sinus great cerebral vein-cisterna ambiens middle cerebral artery-longitudinal fissure

the vagus nerve is a branch of the cervical plexus, which travels down the neck in the carotid sheath with the internal jugular vein and carotid artery

Which statement about nerves of the neck is NOT correct? -the phrenic nerve travels vertically down the neck on a path that crosses in front of the anterior scalene muscle -in the cervical region the sympathetic trunk is located immediately anterior to the transverse processes of the vertebrae -the vagus nerve is a branch of the cervical plexus, which travels down the neck in the carotid sheath with the internal jugular vein and carotid artery -the cervical plexus is a network of nerve fibers located lateral to the first four cervical vertebrae

frontal (coronal) plane

a plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is a

sagittal plane

a plane that divides the body into right and left portions is a

transverse plane

a plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions is a

buccinator

because this section is deep to the masseter muscle, what muscle is evident in the cheek?

arachnoid and pia mater (subarachnoid space)

between which two layers of meninges is the cerebrospinal fluid located?

tentorium cerebelli=straight sinus

how can you distinguish between the inferior sagittal sinus and the straight sinus?

anterior

if a person is lying on his or her back, the belly button is located ______ to the vertebral column

pituitary gland

in coronal sections, what gland is evident between the optic chiasm and the sphenoid bone?

petrous ridge (or portion of temporal bone)

in sagittal sections through the head, to what does the tentorium cerebelli appear to attach anteriorly?

transverse sinus

in sagittal sections through the head, what is the triangular space at the posterior end of the tentorium cerebelli?

parotid gland

in sagittal sections through the lateral region of the face and neck, what gland is located anterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus?

trachea is wider, anterior, cartilage in wall

in sagittal sections, how can the trachea be distinguished from the esophagus?

superior sagittal sinus

in transverse sections, what are the triangular spaces at the anterior and posterior ends of the falx cerebri?

cerebral aqueduct

in transverse sections, what is the small hole in the midbrain?

temporal lobe

in transverse sections, what lobe of the brain is evident anterior to the petrous ridge?

third ventricle

in transverse sections, what ventricle appears as a narrow, midline slit?

internal jugular vein

into what vessel does the sigmoid sinus drain?

nasopharynx

into which portion of the pharynx do the auditory (eustachian tubes) open?

pterygoids

muscles that originate on the sphenoid bone and act to protract the mandible

dura mater, subdural space, arachnoid, subarachnoid space, pia mater

name in sequence the five regions of space and meninges between the outer layer of meninges and the cerebral cortex

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

name the three basic parts of the brainstem

dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

name the three layers of meninges

caudate nucleus and thalamus

name two regions of gray matter that are medial to the internal capsule

sternocleidomastoid

on transverse sections of the neck this muscle would appear to migrate from back to front as one views more inferior sections

frontalis

originates on the aponeurosis of the scalp and helps elevate the eyebrows

cornea

the anterior portion of the outermost tunic of the eye is called the

middle cerebral arteries

the arteries in the region of the insula are the

frontal bone

the bone that forms the forehead is the

zygomatic bone

the bone that forms the prominence of the cheek is the

specialized vascular structures that produce cerebrospinal fluid

the choroid plexus is

areas around the base of the brain where the arachnoid and pia mater are widely separated

the cisterns of the brain are:

sphenoid

the cranial bone that has "wings" and a sella turcica is the

outer layer of dura mater

the endosteum of the skull forms the

temporal bone

the external auditory meatus is carved out of which bone?

pineal gland

the hypothalamus is closely associated with all of the following EXCEPT: pineal gland, infundibulum, mammillary bodies, optic chiasma

retina

the innermost tunic of the eye is called the nervous tunic or the

maxillary sinus

the large sinus at the same level as, but lateral to, the nasal cavity is the

pia mater

the layer of meninges that is in closest contact with the surface of the cerebrum is the

nearer the side of the body

the lungs are located lateral to the heart. this means that they are __________ compared to the heart

falx cerebri

the membranous partition between the cerebral hemispheres is called the

cortex

the outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres is gray matter and is called the

septum pellucidum

the partition between the two lateral ventricles is the

choroid

the posterior portion of the middle or vascular tunic is the

optic disc

the region where the optic nerve penetrates the bulbus oculi is called the

falx cerebelli

the short extension of dura mater that projects between the right and left cerebellar hemispheres is the

longitudinal fissure

the space between the cerebral hemispheres is called the

middle meatus

the space between the middle and inferior nasal conchae is the

third ventricle

the space between the two large regions of the diencephalon is the

nasopharynx

the space posterior to the nasal cavity is called the

suspensory ligaments

the structures that attach to the lens of the eye to the ciliary body are called

temporal bone

the styloid process and external auditory meatus are parts of the

masseter

this will appear as the most superficial lateral muscle in transverse sections through the ramus of the mandible

superior

to indicate that one part is located closer to the head than another we refer to it as

sublingual glands are inferior to the tongue

two of the three pairs of salivary glands are present in this view. why is the third pair of salivary glands not evident here?

buccinator

visible as a thin layer of muscle just lateral to the teeth on transverse sections

colliculi of corpora quadrigemina

what are the four hemispherically shaped structures that project into the superior cistern?

parietal bone, occipital bone

what are the two predominant cranial bones present in coronal sections through the posterior region of the head?

falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli

what are the two predominant extensions of dura mater evident in coronal sections through the posterior region of the head?

internal carotid arteries

what blood vessels are evident on both sides of the body of the sphenoid bone?

internal carotid arteries

what blood vessels are immediately lateral to the pituitary gland?

anterior cerebral arteries

what blood vessels are located in the anterior portion of the longitudinal fissure?

superior sagittal sinus

what blood-filled space is located in the superior margin of the falx cerebri?

maxilla

what bone forms the anterior portion of the hard palate?

frontal bone

what bone forms the major portion of the roof of the orbit?

ethmoid bone

what bone forms the majority of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

ethmoid bone

what bone forms the majority of the medial wall of the orbit?

mandible (ramus)

what bone is immediately medial to the parotid gland?

hyoid bone

what bone is located posterior to the tongue but anterior to the pharynx?

orbicularis oris

what circular muscle is associated with the lips?

cerebral peduncles

what forms the anterior portion of the midbrain?

optic nerve

what forms the central structure in a coronal section through the posterior portion of the bulbus oculi?

sublingual gland

what gland is located in the floor of the mouth, lateral to the tongue and posterior to the anterior portion of the mandible?

submandibular gland

what gland is medial to the mandible, near the angle between the ramus and body?

sublingual gland

what glandular material is posterior to the mandible and inferior to the tongue?

pituitary gland

what glandular structure extends inferiorly from the hypothalamus?

corpus callosum

what is the band of white fibers superior to the lateral ventricle?

basilar artery

what is the blood vessel in the space anterior to the pons?

inferior sagittal sinus

what is the blood-filled space at the internal margin of the posterior part of the falx cerebri?

tentorium cerebelli

what is the dural extension between the cerebrum and cerebellum?

uvula

what is the extension of the soft palate that projects into the oropharynx?

sublingual gland

what is the glandular mass inferior to the tongue and posterior to the mandible?

thyroid gland

what is the glandular material that is lateral to the trachea?

frontal lobe

what is the most anterior lobe of the cerebrum?

trapezius

what is the most superficial posterior muscle of the neck?

corpus callosum

what is the name of the band of white fibers that forms the communication pathway between the two cerebral hemispheres?

vermis

what is the name of the central part of the cerebellum?

cerebral aqueduct

what is the name of the communicating channel between the third and fourth venticles?

falx cerebelli

what is the name of the dura mater between the two cerebellar peduncles?

arachnoid

what is the name of the meningeal layer that extends from the top of one gyrus to another, forming a "bridge" over the sulci?

dura mater

what is the name of the meningeal layer that forms a tough outer covering for the brain?

sulcus

what is the name of the space between two adjacent cerebral gyri?

cavernous sinus

what is the name of the space on both sides of the pituitary gland and sphenoid bone?

straight sinus

what is the name of the venous sinus located at the junction of the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli?

optic nerve

what is the nerve located approximately midway between the superior and inferior rectus muscles?

rima glottidis

what is the opening between the true vocal folds called?

thyroid cartilage

what is the predominant anterior cartilage of the larynx?

laryngopharynx

what is the region of the pharynx posterior to the larynx?

submandibular gland

what is the relatively large glandular mass inferior to the mandible?

dens (odontoid process)

what is the round piece of bone immediately anterior to the spinal cord?

rima glottidis

what is the slit between the two true vocal cords called?

retropharyngeal space

what is the space medial to the internal carotid arteries and anterior to the prevertebral muscles?

oropharynx

what is the space or opening at the posterior margin of the soft palate?

superior cistern

what is the specific subarachnoid space evident at the posterior end of the inferior margin of the falx cerebri?

esophagus

what is the structure immediately posterior to the trachea?

internal carotid artery is more medial and anterior to the internal jugular vein

what is the typical relationship of the internal carotid artery to the internal jugular vein?

trigeminal nerve

what large cranial nerve is typically evident as it emerges from the pons?

temporalis muscle

what muscle extends from the lateral surface of the squamosal region of the temporal bone to the medial surface of the mandibular ramus?

sternocleidomastoid

what muscle is between the external and internal jugular veins?

sternocleidomastoid

what muscle is frequently related to the external jugular vein?

masseter

what muscle is lateral to the ramus of the mandible?

pharyngeal constrictor muscles

what muscles form the wall of the pharynx?

mastoid process

what portion of bone is immediately posterior to the parotid gland?

thalamus

what region of gray matter forms the lateral walls of the third ventricle?

sphenoethmoidal recess

what region of the nasal cavity is superior to the superior nasal concha?

internal capsule

what region of white matter is between the caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus?

internal capsule

what region of white matter is between the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus?

masseter

what relatively large muscle is inferior to the temporalis muscle?

hyoid bone

what small piece of bone is evident inferior to the posterior portion of the tongue?

choroid plexus

what specialized capillary structure is found in the ventricles of the brain?

zygomatic arch

what specific band of bone is lateral to the temporalis muscle?

posterior horn

what specific portion of the lateral ventricles is present in the occipital lobe of the brain?

claustrum

what specific region of the basal ganglia is bordered by the extreme capsule laterally and external capsule medially?

pineal body

what structure extends posteriorly from the third ventricle and projects into the superior cistern?

trachea

what structure is between the thyroid gland and the esophagus?

palate

what structure marks the division between the nasopharynx and the oropharynx?

transverse foramen

what structure of a cervical vertabra allows passage of the vertebral arteries through the bone?

styloid process

what tiny piece of bone is anterior to the internal jugular vein and lateral to the internal carotid artery?

superior sagittal sinus and transverse sinus

what two venous sinuses are evident in coronal sections through the posterior region of the head?

straight sinus

what venous sinus extends from the superior cistern to the confluence of the sinuses?

sigmoid sinus

what venous sinus is evident in the temporal bone?

third ventricle

what ventricle is a midline structure in the region of the diencephalon?

fourth ventricle

what ventricle is at the level of the cerebellum?

lateral ventricle and third ventricle

what ventricles are connected by the interventricular foramen?

deep within the lateral fissure

where is the fifth lobe of the cerebrum, the insula, located?

carotid canal

which is more anterior, the carotid canal or the jugular foramen?

external carotid artery

which is more anterior, the internal carotid artery or the external carotid artery?

odontoid process (dens)

which is more anterior, the odontoid process (dens) or the spinal cord?

olfactory bulb

which is more anterior, the olfactory bulb or the optic chiasm?

styloid process

which is more anterior, the styloid process or the internal jugular vein?

mandibular condyle

which is most anterior, the external auditory meatus, the mastoid, or the mandibular condyle?

masseter muscle

which is normally most anterior, the parotid gland, the masseter muscle, or the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

parotid gland

which is normally most lateral or superficial, the internal jugular vein, the internal carotid artery, or the parotid gland?

pterygoid muscle

which is normally most medial, the pterygoid muscles, the masseter muscle, or the ramus of the mandible?

hard palate

which is the most anterior, the nasopharynx, the hard palate, or the uvula?

lentiform nucleus

which is the most lateral, the thalamus, the lentiform nucleus, the internal capsule, or the third ventricle?

transverse sinus

which is the most lateral, the vermis, the choroid plexus, or the transverse sinus?

nasopharynx

which is the most superior, the nasopharynx, the epiglottis, or the uvula?

midbrain

which is the most superior, the pons, the midbrain, or the medulla oblongata?

external jugular vein

which is usually more lateral or superficial, the external jugular vein or the external carotid artery?

vertebral artery

which is usually most posterior, the vertebral artery, the internal carotid artery, or the internal jugular vein?

claustrum

which of the basal ganglia is closest to the insula?

temporal

which of the following bones does NOT contain a paranasal sinus? frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, or temporal

cavernous sinus

which of the following contains the internal carotid artery and the trochlear, abducens, and oculomotor nerves?

sigmoid sinus

which of the following flows directly into the internal jugular vein?

insula

which of the following is NOT located in close proximity to the circle of Willis? insula, optic chiasma, pituitary gland, interpeduncular cistern

phrenic nerve

which of the following is NOT located in the anterior triangle of the neck?

superior cerebellar peduncle-midbrain

which of the following is a CORRECT match between a cerebellar peduncle ad the part of the brain it connects to?

fingers

which of the following would be the most distal part of the upper extremity?

axillary

which of the regional terms refers to the armpit?

lateral venticle

which of the ventricles are paired?

superficial-away from the surface

which of these is NOT a correct match between an anatomical term and its meaning? superficial-away from surface inferior-toward feet posterior-toward back medial-toward the midline of the body

costal

which of these regional terms refers to the ribs?

globus pallidus

which portion of the lentiform nucleus is closer to the internal capsule?

sublingual

which salivary gland is the smallest and most deeply situated?

the interventricular foramen is visible in transverse sections as a hollow space running through its center

which statement about the midbrain is NOT correct? -it is the most superior portion of the brain -the interventricular foramen is visible in transverse sections as a hollow space running through its center -it includes the cerebral peduncles and the corpora quadrigemina -it is located anterior to the superior cistern

cerebrospinal fluid exits into the subarachnoid space through small holes located in each of the ventricles

which statement about the ventricles of the brain is NOT true? -the third ventricle is located along the midline of the diencephalon -the lateral ventricles are located in the cerebral hemispheres and are separated by the septum pellucidum -the fourth ventricle receives CSF through the cerebral aqueduct and is located anterior to the cerebellum -cerebrospinal fluid exits into the subarachnoid space through small holes located in each of the ventricles

retropharyngeal space

which term refers to the potential space between the fascia surrounding the pharynx and the fascia around the vertebral column?

intracerebral hemorrhage

which type of cerebral hemorrhage is frequently the result of a hemangioma that develops as a result of chronic hypertension?

pituitary adenoma

which type of tumor is usually a benign, slow growing tumor in the region of the sella turcica?

lateral ventricle

which ventricle of the brain is the most superior?