Sectional Anatomy Head and Neck Test 1
the superior cistern is also called the cisterna communicans
Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the cisterns of the brain? -the chiasmatic cistern is continuous with tthe interpeduncular cisterm -the cerebellomudullary cistern receives CSF through the foramen of Magendie -the circle of Willis is in the interpeduncular cistern -the superior cistern is also called the cisterna communicans
middle cerebral artery-longitudinal fissure
Which of these is NOT a correct match between a vessel and a space it travels through? basilar artery-pontine cistern internal carotid artery-cavernous sinus great cerebral vein-cisterna ambiens middle cerebral artery-longitudinal fissure
the vagus nerve is a branch of the cervical plexus, which travels down the neck in the carotid sheath with the internal jugular vein and carotid artery
Which statement about nerves of the neck is NOT correct? -the phrenic nerve travels vertically down the neck on a path that crosses in front of the anterior scalene muscle -in the cervical region the sympathetic trunk is located immediately anterior to the transverse processes of the vertebrae -the vagus nerve is a branch of the cervical plexus, which travels down the neck in the carotid sheath with the internal jugular vein and carotid artery -the cervical plexus is a network of nerve fibers located lateral to the first four cervical vertebrae
frontal (coronal) plane
a plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is a
sagittal plane
a plane that divides the body into right and left portions is a
transverse plane
a plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions is a
buccinator
because this section is deep to the masseter muscle, what muscle is evident in the cheek?
arachnoid and pia mater (subarachnoid space)
between which two layers of meninges is the cerebrospinal fluid located?
tentorium cerebelli=straight sinus
how can you distinguish between the inferior sagittal sinus and the straight sinus?
anterior
if a person is lying on his or her back, the belly button is located ______ to the vertebral column
pituitary gland
in coronal sections, what gland is evident between the optic chiasm and the sphenoid bone?
petrous ridge (or portion of temporal bone)
in sagittal sections through the head, to what does the tentorium cerebelli appear to attach anteriorly?
transverse sinus
in sagittal sections through the head, what is the triangular space at the posterior end of the tentorium cerebelli?
parotid gland
in sagittal sections through the lateral region of the face and neck, what gland is located anterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus?
trachea is wider, anterior, cartilage in wall
in sagittal sections, how can the trachea be distinguished from the esophagus?
superior sagittal sinus
in transverse sections, what are the triangular spaces at the anterior and posterior ends of the falx cerebri?
cerebral aqueduct
in transverse sections, what is the small hole in the midbrain?
temporal lobe
in transverse sections, what lobe of the brain is evident anterior to the petrous ridge?
third ventricle
in transverse sections, what ventricle appears as a narrow, midline slit?
internal jugular vein
into what vessel does the sigmoid sinus drain?
nasopharynx
into which portion of the pharynx do the auditory (eustachian tubes) open?
pterygoids
muscles that originate on the sphenoid bone and act to protract the mandible
dura mater, subdural space, arachnoid, subarachnoid space, pia mater
name in sequence the five regions of space and meninges between the outer layer of meninges and the cerebral cortex
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
name the three basic parts of the brainstem
dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
name the three layers of meninges
caudate nucleus and thalamus
name two regions of gray matter that are medial to the internal capsule
sternocleidomastoid
on transverse sections of the neck this muscle would appear to migrate from back to front as one views more inferior sections
frontalis
originates on the aponeurosis of the scalp and helps elevate the eyebrows
cornea
the anterior portion of the outermost tunic of the eye is called the
middle cerebral arteries
the arteries in the region of the insula are the
frontal bone
the bone that forms the forehead is the
zygomatic bone
the bone that forms the prominence of the cheek is the
specialized vascular structures that produce cerebrospinal fluid
the choroid plexus is
areas around the base of the brain where the arachnoid and pia mater are widely separated
the cisterns of the brain are:
sphenoid
the cranial bone that has "wings" and a sella turcica is the
outer layer of dura mater
the endosteum of the skull forms the
temporal bone
the external auditory meatus is carved out of which bone?
pineal gland
the hypothalamus is closely associated with all of the following EXCEPT: pineal gland, infundibulum, mammillary bodies, optic chiasma
retina
the innermost tunic of the eye is called the nervous tunic or the
maxillary sinus
the large sinus at the same level as, but lateral to, the nasal cavity is the
pia mater
the layer of meninges that is in closest contact with the surface of the cerebrum is the
nearer the side of the body
the lungs are located lateral to the heart. this means that they are __________ compared to the heart
falx cerebri
the membranous partition between the cerebral hemispheres is called the
cortex
the outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres is gray matter and is called the
septum pellucidum
the partition between the two lateral ventricles is the
choroid
the posterior portion of the middle or vascular tunic is the
optic disc
the region where the optic nerve penetrates the bulbus oculi is called the
falx cerebelli
the short extension of dura mater that projects between the right and left cerebellar hemispheres is the
longitudinal fissure
the space between the cerebral hemispheres is called the
middle meatus
the space between the middle and inferior nasal conchae is the
third ventricle
the space between the two large regions of the diencephalon is the
nasopharynx
the space posterior to the nasal cavity is called the
suspensory ligaments
the structures that attach to the lens of the eye to the ciliary body are called
temporal bone
the styloid process and external auditory meatus are parts of the
masseter
this will appear as the most superficial lateral muscle in transverse sections through the ramus of the mandible
superior
to indicate that one part is located closer to the head than another we refer to it as
sublingual glands are inferior to the tongue
two of the three pairs of salivary glands are present in this view. why is the third pair of salivary glands not evident here?
buccinator
visible as a thin layer of muscle just lateral to the teeth on transverse sections
colliculi of corpora quadrigemina
what are the four hemispherically shaped structures that project into the superior cistern?
parietal bone, occipital bone
what are the two predominant cranial bones present in coronal sections through the posterior region of the head?
falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli
what are the two predominant extensions of dura mater evident in coronal sections through the posterior region of the head?
internal carotid arteries
what blood vessels are evident on both sides of the body of the sphenoid bone?
internal carotid arteries
what blood vessels are immediately lateral to the pituitary gland?
anterior cerebral arteries
what blood vessels are located in the anterior portion of the longitudinal fissure?
superior sagittal sinus
what blood-filled space is located in the superior margin of the falx cerebri?
maxilla
what bone forms the anterior portion of the hard palate?
frontal bone
what bone forms the major portion of the roof of the orbit?
ethmoid bone
what bone forms the majority of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?
ethmoid bone
what bone forms the majority of the medial wall of the orbit?
mandible (ramus)
what bone is immediately medial to the parotid gland?
hyoid bone
what bone is located posterior to the tongue but anterior to the pharynx?
orbicularis oris
what circular muscle is associated with the lips?
cerebral peduncles
what forms the anterior portion of the midbrain?
optic nerve
what forms the central structure in a coronal section through the posterior portion of the bulbus oculi?
sublingual gland
what gland is located in the floor of the mouth, lateral to the tongue and posterior to the anterior portion of the mandible?
submandibular gland
what gland is medial to the mandible, near the angle between the ramus and body?
sublingual gland
what glandular material is posterior to the mandible and inferior to the tongue?
pituitary gland
what glandular structure extends inferiorly from the hypothalamus?
corpus callosum
what is the band of white fibers superior to the lateral ventricle?
basilar artery
what is the blood vessel in the space anterior to the pons?
inferior sagittal sinus
what is the blood-filled space at the internal margin of the posterior part of the falx cerebri?
tentorium cerebelli
what is the dural extension between the cerebrum and cerebellum?
uvula
what is the extension of the soft palate that projects into the oropharynx?
sublingual gland
what is the glandular mass inferior to the tongue and posterior to the mandible?
thyroid gland
what is the glandular material that is lateral to the trachea?
frontal lobe
what is the most anterior lobe of the cerebrum?
trapezius
what is the most superficial posterior muscle of the neck?
corpus callosum
what is the name of the band of white fibers that forms the communication pathway between the two cerebral hemispheres?
vermis
what is the name of the central part of the cerebellum?
cerebral aqueduct
what is the name of the communicating channel between the third and fourth venticles?
falx cerebelli
what is the name of the dura mater between the two cerebellar peduncles?
arachnoid
what is the name of the meningeal layer that extends from the top of one gyrus to another, forming a "bridge" over the sulci?
dura mater
what is the name of the meningeal layer that forms a tough outer covering for the brain?
sulcus
what is the name of the space between two adjacent cerebral gyri?
cavernous sinus
what is the name of the space on both sides of the pituitary gland and sphenoid bone?
straight sinus
what is the name of the venous sinus located at the junction of the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli?
optic nerve
what is the nerve located approximately midway between the superior and inferior rectus muscles?
rima glottidis
what is the opening between the true vocal folds called?
thyroid cartilage
what is the predominant anterior cartilage of the larynx?
laryngopharynx
what is the region of the pharynx posterior to the larynx?
submandibular gland
what is the relatively large glandular mass inferior to the mandible?
dens (odontoid process)
what is the round piece of bone immediately anterior to the spinal cord?
rima glottidis
what is the slit between the two true vocal cords called?
retropharyngeal space
what is the space medial to the internal carotid arteries and anterior to the prevertebral muscles?
oropharynx
what is the space or opening at the posterior margin of the soft palate?
superior cistern
what is the specific subarachnoid space evident at the posterior end of the inferior margin of the falx cerebri?
esophagus
what is the structure immediately posterior to the trachea?
internal carotid artery is more medial and anterior to the internal jugular vein
what is the typical relationship of the internal carotid artery to the internal jugular vein?
trigeminal nerve
what large cranial nerve is typically evident as it emerges from the pons?
temporalis muscle
what muscle extends from the lateral surface of the squamosal region of the temporal bone to the medial surface of the mandibular ramus?
sternocleidomastoid
what muscle is between the external and internal jugular veins?
sternocleidomastoid
what muscle is frequently related to the external jugular vein?
masseter
what muscle is lateral to the ramus of the mandible?
pharyngeal constrictor muscles
what muscles form the wall of the pharynx?
mastoid process
what portion of bone is immediately posterior to the parotid gland?
thalamus
what region of gray matter forms the lateral walls of the third ventricle?
sphenoethmoidal recess
what region of the nasal cavity is superior to the superior nasal concha?
internal capsule
what region of white matter is between the caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus?
internal capsule
what region of white matter is between the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus?
masseter
what relatively large muscle is inferior to the temporalis muscle?
hyoid bone
what small piece of bone is evident inferior to the posterior portion of the tongue?
choroid plexus
what specialized capillary structure is found in the ventricles of the brain?
zygomatic arch
what specific band of bone is lateral to the temporalis muscle?
posterior horn
what specific portion of the lateral ventricles is present in the occipital lobe of the brain?
claustrum
what specific region of the basal ganglia is bordered by the extreme capsule laterally and external capsule medially?
pineal body
what structure extends posteriorly from the third ventricle and projects into the superior cistern?
trachea
what structure is between the thyroid gland and the esophagus?
palate
what structure marks the division between the nasopharynx and the oropharynx?
transverse foramen
what structure of a cervical vertabra allows passage of the vertebral arteries through the bone?
styloid process
what tiny piece of bone is anterior to the internal jugular vein and lateral to the internal carotid artery?
superior sagittal sinus and transverse sinus
what two venous sinuses are evident in coronal sections through the posterior region of the head?
straight sinus
what venous sinus extends from the superior cistern to the confluence of the sinuses?
sigmoid sinus
what venous sinus is evident in the temporal bone?
third ventricle
what ventricle is a midline structure in the region of the diencephalon?
fourth ventricle
what ventricle is at the level of the cerebellum?
lateral ventricle and third ventricle
what ventricles are connected by the interventricular foramen?
deep within the lateral fissure
where is the fifth lobe of the cerebrum, the insula, located?
carotid canal
which is more anterior, the carotid canal or the jugular foramen?
external carotid artery
which is more anterior, the internal carotid artery or the external carotid artery?
odontoid process (dens)
which is more anterior, the odontoid process (dens) or the spinal cord?
olfactory bulb
which is more anterior, the olfactory bulb or the optic chiasm?
styloid process
which is more anterior, the styloid process or the internal jugular vein?
mandibular condyle
which is most anterior, the external auditory meatus, the mastoid, or the mandibular condyle?
masseter muscle
which is normally most anterior, the parotid gland, the masseter muscle, or the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
parotid gland
which is normally most lateral or superficial, the internal jugular vein, the internal carotid artery, or the parotid gland?
pterygoid muscle
which is normally most medial, the pterygoid muscles, the masseter muscle, or the ramus of the mandible?
hard palate
which is the most anterior, the nasopharynx, the hard palate, or the uvula?
lentiform nucleus
which is the most lateral, the thalamus, the lentiform nucleus, the internal capsule, or the third ventricle?
transverse sinus
which is the most lateral, the vermis, the choroid plexus, or the transverse sinus?
nasopharynx
which is the most superior, the nasopharynx, the epiglottis, or the uvula?
midbrain
which is the most superior, the pons, the midbrain, or the medulla oblongata?
external jugular vein
which is usually more lateral or superficial, the external jugular vein or the external carotid artery?
vertebral artery
which is usually most posterior, the vertebral artery, the internal carotid artery, or the internal jugular vein?
claustrum
which of the basal ganglia is closest to the insula?
temporal
which of the following bones does NOT contain a paranasal sinus? frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, or temporal
cavernous sinus
which of the following contains the internal carotid artery and the trochlear, abducens, and oculomotor nerves?
sigmoid sinus
which of the following flows directly into the internal jugular vein?
insula
which of the following is NOT located in close proximity to the circle of Willis? insula, optic chiasma, pituitary gland, interpeduncular cistern
phrenic nerve
which of the following is NOT located in the anterior triangle of the neck?
superior cerebellar peduncle-midbrain
which of the following is a CORRECT match between a cerebellar peduncle ad the part of the brain it connects to?
fingers
which of the following would be the most distal part of the upper extremity?
axillary
which of the regional terms refers to the armpit?
lateral venticle
which of the ventricles are paired?
superficial-away from the surface
which of these is NOT a correct match between an anatomical term and its meaning? superficial-away from surface inferior-toward feet posterior-toward back medial-toward the midline of the body
costal
which of these regional terms refers to the ribs?
globus pallidus
which portion of the lentiform nucleus is closer to the internal capsule?
sublingual
which salivary gland is the smallest and most deeply situated?
the interventricular foramen is visible in transverse sections as a hollow space running through its center
which statement about the midbrain is NOT correct? -it is the most superior portion of the brain -the interventricular foramen is visible in transverse sections as a hollow space running through its center -it includes the cerebral peduncles and the corpora quadrigemina -it is located anterior to the superior cistern
cerebrospinal fluid exits into the subarachnoid space through small holes located in each of the ventricles
which statement about the ventricles of the brain is NOT true? -the third ventricle is located along the midline of the diencephalon -the lateral ventricles are located in the cerebral hemispheres and are separated by the septum pellucidum -the fourth ventricle receives CSF through the cerebral aqueduct and is located anterior to the cerebellum -cerebrospinal fluid exits into the subarachnoid space through small holes located in each of the ventricles
retropharyngeal space
which term refers to the potential space between the fascia surrounding the pharynx and the fascia around the vertebral column?
intracerebral hemorrhage
which type of cerebral hemorrhage is frequently the result of a hemangioma that develops as a result of chronic hypertension?
pituitary adenoma
which type of tumor is usually a benign, slow growing tumor in the region of the sella turcica?
lateral ventricle
which ventricle of the brain is the most superior?
