Biology 2 Exam 2

What happens at the red arrow? Meiosis Fertilization Mitosis Conjugation

Meiosis

What kind of life cycle is this? Zygotic Alternation of generation Gametic Ciliate

Zygotic

One thing you should be able to conclude from this figure is that gametophytes have fewer chromosomes than sporophytes do. gametophytes grow from sporophytes. new gametophyte cells come about by mitosis; new sporophyte cells come about by meiosis.

gametophytes have fewer chromosomes than sporophytes do.

Prokaryotic cells do NOT contain which of the following? nuclear membrane DNA one or more chromosomes cell membrane all of the above

nuclear membrane

If you looked at a land plant chloroplast under the microscope, you should see No membrane around it One membrane around it Two membranes around it Three membranes around it

Two membranes around it

Which of the following is a Stramenopile? 1 2 3 1 & 3 2 & 3

2 & 3

Which of the following traits are present in both Archaea and Eukarya?1. ether linkages in cell membranes2. histones3. mitochondria4. chromosome(s) 2 and 4 2 only 2 and 3 4 only 1 and 3

2 and 4

Which of the following groups of plants is most likely to undergo the process of coevolution with a pollinating animal? A cherry tree A cycad A fern A moss

A cherry tree

What proportion of foods in the produce section at Publix have been modified by artificial selection? All of them, or nearly all of them About half of them Few of them

All of them, or nearly all of them

Which of these is NOT a seed dispersal agent for seed plants? Animals, as undigested seeds are released in their feces after they eat them Wind Water Animals, as seeds get stuck on their fur All of these can help disperse seeds

All of these can help disperse seeds

Which of the following protists is NOT a type of algae? Kelp Amoebozoan Phytoplankton Diatom

Amoebozoan

Photosynthesizers in the ___________________ have primary plastids, which were aquired by endosymbiosis of a ___________________. Stramenopiles . . . autotrophic eukaryotic protist Stramenopiles . . . autotrophic prokaryote Archaeplastida . . . autotrophic prokaryote Archaeplastida . . . autotrophic eukaryotic protist

Archaeplastida . . . autotrophic prokaryote

Many flower traits are specifically attractive to a certain type of pollinator. For example, the scent of rotting flesh is very attractive to certain flies, but is not attractive at all to most other pollinators. What adaptive purpose is served by this kind of "niche marketing" of flowers to specific pollinators? This adaptation works to reduce pollinator traffic at a flower. Therefore flowers do not have to produce as much nectar to feed big crowds of pollinators. This targeting is done because the wrong kind of pollinator might eat all the pollen instead of delivering it to another flower. Attracting specialized pollinators helps to increase the likelihood that pollen will be delivered to another flower of the same species. If more generalist pollinators were used, the odds would be greater that pollen will end up on the stigma of a different species. This adaptation reduces pollinator traffic so that flowers have a chance to develop their pollen fully before it is spread.

Attracting specialized pollinators helps to increase the likelihood that pollen will be delivered to another flower of the same species. If more generalist pollinators were used, the odds would be greater that pollen will end up on the stigma of a different species.

Which of the following processes release carbon dioxide? Respiration Decomposition Photosynthesis Both respiration and decomposition

Both respiration and decomposition

All protists... Are microscopic Can photosynthesize at some stage in their life cycle Can reproduce asexually Are prokaryotic

Can reproduce asexually

Which of the following are the closest living relatives of land plants? Charophytes Rhodophytes Brown algae Dinoflagellates Chlorophytes

Charophytes

Which the following is correct? Charophytes have a sporic life cycle, while land plants have a zygotic life cycle Charophytes have a zygotic life cycle, while land plants have a sporic life cycle Charophytes and land plants both have a sporic life cycle Charophytes and land plants both have a gametic life cycle

Charophytes have a zygotic life cycle, while land plants have a sporic life cycle

You find something green growing in water. Like a good biologist, you collect the green thing and subject it to a battery of scientific tests. You figure out that the female gametophyte retains the embryo within its tissues. Armed with this fact, you can confidently rule out the possibility of this green thing being a... Chlorophyte Lycophyte Monilophyte Bryophyte

Chlorophyte

Which of the following statements about the conifer life cycle is accurate? Conifer pollen grains contain male gametophytes. Triploid endosperm is a relatively common phenomenon. The pine tree is a gametophyte. Haploid embryos are enclosed in a tough seed, nourished by maternal gametophyte tissue

Conifer pollen grains contain male gametophytes.

Which of the following prokaryotes is most likely the cause of this photosynthetic bloom? Proteobacteria Archaea Actinobacteria Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria

Which of the following is mismatched: Kelp: algae Slime-mold: fungus-like Amoeba: protozoan Diatom: protozoan Chlorophyta: algae

Diatom: protozoan

In the figure below, which letter represents a spore? A B C D E

D

An angiosperm with a long nectar tube has one species of pollinator. The local pollinator population has varying tongue lengths, and only individuals with the longest tongues can feed on nectar. Over many generations of pollinator, you'd expect... Directional selection for short tongues Directional selection for long tongues Stabilizing selection Diversifying selection

Directional selection for long tongues

A population of red oaks is found on an island off the coast of Maine which has historically had very few herbivores. In the 1990s, the winter moth, an invasive species, was introduced to Maine and establishes a healthy population on this island. Winter moths are herbivores and consume oak leaves. Genetic drift is likely going to cause a decrease in the size of flowers Disruptive selection is likely going to lead to a speciation event Directional selection is likely going to lead to an increase in the size and and brightness of fruit Directional selection is likely going to cause an increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds (secondary metabolites), in leaves

Directional selection is likely going to cause an increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds (secondary metabolites), in leaves

Which of the following statements correctly describes a portion of the pine life cycle? Pollen grains contain female gametophytes. Female gametophytes use mitosis to produce eggs. Seeds are produced in pollen cones pollen tube slowly digests its way through the triploid endosperm. Pollen grains are diploid

Female gametophytes use mitosis to produce eggs.

Which of these is a characteristic of the fern life cycle? Reproduction can readily happen in dry habitats, unlike bryophytes Can produce fewer spores than bryophytes due to their smaller sporophyte generation Fern sporophytes eventually grow independently of the female gametophyte

Fern sporophytes eventually grow independently of the female gametophyte

Why is the sporic life cycle of land plants advantageous over the zygotic life cycle of Charophytes? The sporic life cycle allows for self-fertilization and therefore increases reproductive success For every full cycle, one zygote leads to more spores in the sporic life cycle Only in the sporic life cycle is a multicellular gametophyte possible All of the above

For every full cycle, one zygote leads to more spores in the sporic life cycle

What is the name of the structure with the arrow in this fern life cycle? Sporophyte Gametophyte Zygote Gamete

Gametophyte

A period of high photosynthesis and low decay is likely to lead to... Global cooling Global warming Increased moisture in the atmosphere Decreased pH in the oceans

Global cooling

The evolution of a vascular system allowed plants to... Grow bigger Produce seeds Colonize submerged aquatic habitats Better avoid herbivory

Grow bigger

Coonties outside ISA have seeds and pollen but no flowers or fruit. What are they, and what is in their ovulate cone? Angiosperm; endosperm Gymnosperm; female gametophyte and embryo Lycophyte; sporangia Gymnosperm; male gametophyte and pollen Bryophytes; megaphylls

Gymnosperm; female gametophyte and embryo

Foraminiferas and radiolarians are... Heterotrophs and protozoans Heterotrophs and algae Autotrophs and protozoans Autotrophs and algae

Heterotrophs and protozoans

The group Opisthokonta... Is monophyletic, and includes only protists Is monophyletic, and includes protists, animals and fungi Is paraphyletic and includes only protists Is polyphyletic and includes protists, animals and fungi Is polyphyletic and includes animals and fungi

Is monophyletic, and includes protists, animals and fungi

In what way does the green alga Ulva lactuca shown below resemble land plants? It has a complex life cycle with diploid cells in the multicellular body and haploid cells in gametes only. It produces diploid gametes. It has a complex life cycle with alternation between multicellular diploid and haploid generations. It has a multicellular haploid stage that alternates with a unicellular diploid stage.

It has a complex life cycle with alternation between multicellular diploid and haploid generations.

A species of plant lives close to a hot, dry environment. Which adaptation would help this species to colonize the hot, dry habitat? A thinner cuticle Flagellated sperm Leaves that have low surface area to volume ratio A dominant gametophyte generation

Leaves that have low surface area to volume ratio

What is contained in pollen? Female gametophyte and its gametes Male gametophyte and its gametes Sperm only Egg only

Male gametophyte and its gametes

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Archaea? Possess unique cell membranes with ether bonds and branched hydrocarbons Prokaryotic Possess histones More closely related to bacteria than they are to Eukaryotes

More closely related to bacteria than they are to Eukaryotes

What advantage does a flower provide for angiosperms? Greater sperm production More effective transfer of pollen Reduced rates of herbivory Greater survival through droughts

More effective transfer of pollen

Are yew seeds and juniper seeds enclosed in fruit? Yes No

No

Is this the life cycle of a non-vascular plant or a seedless vascular plant? Non-vascular plant Seedless vascular plant

Non-vascular plant

These purple bacteria live just below the surface of the sediment since they can't tolerate oxygen. They are... Obligate aerobes Facultative aerobes Obligate anaerobes Aerotolerant anaerobes

Obligate anaerobes

A particular flower has an especially long nectar (floral) tube. What kind of animal will most likely visit this flower? One with a long beak & tongue One with a wide, short beak All animals are equally likely to visit this flower

One with a long beak & tongue

I'm interested in building a nice coffee table from a plant in my backyard. What kind of plant would be the LEAST useful for my project? One with an endosperm One with flagellated sperm One with seeds One with vascularity

One with flagellated sperm

"Green algae" are a.... Monophyletic group Paraphyletic group Polyphyletic group

Paraphyletic group

Which of the following describes an organism that obtains energy from sunlight and carbon from CO2? Chemoheterotroph Photoheterotroph Chemoautotroph Photoautotroph None of the above

Photoautotroph

Chlorophytes are likely to play which of the following roles on coral reefs? Mutualistic symbiosis with corals Primary producers Primary consumers All of the above

Primary producers

You find a unicellular photosynthetic eukaryote with secondary plastids. Which of these is it definitely NOT? Red algae Diatom Dinoflagellate Stramenopile

Red algae

Which of these is NOT a common agent of pollination in seed plants? Insects, as pollen sticks to their bodies while they eat nectar Hummingbirds, as pollen sticks to their bodies while they eat nectar Wind, which can carry pollen to another plant Rodents, as undigested pollen is released in their feces after they eat fruit

Rodents, as undigested pollen is released in their feces after they eat fruit

Cool, dry conditions are likely to favor which group? Bryophytes Lycophytes Monilophytes Seed plants

Seed plants

You find a plant with four basic plant adaptations. Which adaptation would most directly indicate that the plant is able to tolerate very dry desert habitats? Leaves Vascularity Seeds Alternation of generations

Seeds

Which of the following statements is true? Bacteria are more closely related to Eukarya than Archaea are All Archaea are extremophiles Some Bacteria are extremophiles The exchange of genetic material between prokaryotes via a viral vector is called transformation Gram negative bacteria have thick peptidoglycan cell walls outside their cell membranes

Some Bacteria are extremophiles

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of dinoflagellates? Some cause red tides Some are photosynthetic Some have hairy flagella Some are heterotrophic

Some have hairy flagella

What kind of life cycle is this? Gametic Zygotic Sporic Conjugatic

Sporic

You are trying to determine whether the green organism that you found in a pond sample is a charophyte or simple plant. Finding which of the following characteristic would be most helpful in doing so? Chlorophyll b Cell walls Sporic life cycle Sexual reproduction

Sporic life cycle

What kind of life cycle is this and what structure is represented in "D"? Sporic, gametophyte Sporic, sporophyte Gametic, sporophyte Gametic, gametophyte Zygotic, sporophyte

Sporic, sporophyte

The Archaea's ether membrane bonds help them: Exchange gas more efficiently Stay intact in many extreme environments Sink to deeper environments All of the above

Stay intact in many extreme environments

What's this little knob inside a peanut? The developing gametophyte embryo The developing sporophyte embryo The sporangium The gametangium

The developing sporophyte embryo

Kelp, a multicellular photosynthetic seaweed that is anchored to the seafloor by rootlike structures and can grow to heights of 60 m, is a kind of Stramenopile Chlorophyte Plant Rhizarian Rhodophyte

Stramenopile

An angiosperm has only one species of pollinator. Most individuals of this pollinator population have tongues that are so long that when they feed on the flower's nectar, their heads don't touch the pollen-producing anthers. Over many generations, what is likely to happen to the population of angiosperm? The average length of nectar tube in the population will increase The average length of nectar tube in the population will decrease The average length of nectar tube in the population will remain the same

The average length of nectar tube in the population will increase

Which of the following is true concerning flowering plants? The flower includes sporophyte tissue. The sporophyte generation consists of relatively few cells within the ovule. Flowers produce compounds that deter herbivores. The sporophyte generation is not photosynthetic.

The flower includes sporophyte tissue.

While observing a gram stained bacteria, you note that the specimen has a purple color. This means that: The specimen's peptidoglycan's layer is thick, making it a Gram positive bacteria The specimen's peptidoglycan's layer is thin, making it a Gram positive bacteria The specimen's peptidoglycan's layer is thick, making it a Gram negative bacteria The specimen's peptidoglycan's layer is thin, making it a Gram negative bacteria

The specimen's peptidoglycan's layer is thick, making it a Gram positive bacteria

The marine, free-living Stilbonematinae (a type of round worm in the phylum Nematoda) inhabit marine sands and are characterized by an association with ectosymbiotic bacteria. The bacteria are Gram-negative, coccus, chemoautotrophic sulfur oxidizers. Which of the following accurately describes these bacteria? They are round-shaped, use energy from the sun to create organic molecules from inorganic components and have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall They are round-shaped, use energy from inorganic molecules to create organic molecules and have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall They are round-shaped, use energy from the sun to create organic molecules from inorganic components and have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall They are rod-shaped, use energy from inorganic molecules to create organic molecules and have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall They are rod-shaped, use energy from the sun to create organic molecules from inorganic components and have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall

They are round-shaped, use energy from inorganic molecules to create organic molecules and have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall

Which of the following statements best describes bacteria? They are generally harmful. They are limited to living in a few extreme habitats. They are very small and have no membrane-bound organelles. They are responsible for diseases in humans like the flu

They are very small and have no membrane-bound organelles.

Which of the following statements about dinoflagellates is true? Their dead cells accumulate on the seafloor, and are mined to serve as a filtering material They possess two flagella Their walls are usually composed of silica plates They are photosynthetic due to primary plastids

They possess two flagella

Some excavates are autotrophic; how did Euglena acquire the ability to photosynthesize? This group acquired plastids by endosymbiosis of another photosynthetic organism This group evolved a photosynthetic organelle independently

This group acquired plastids by endosymbiosis of another photosynthetic organism

Which of the following types of genetic exchange is correctly matched? Via a viral vector: conjugation Uptake of DNA from the environment: transformation Direct transfer of DNA between living bacterial cells: transduction From parent to offspring: horizontal gene transfer

Uptake of DNA from the environment: transformation

Which trait appeared at #2 in the cladogram below? Sporic life cycle Megaphylls Pollen Vascular tissue Wood

Vascular tissue

Pollen dispersal in gymnosperms is mostly accomplished via Water Wind Animals

Wind

The life cycle of brown algae shown below is an example of... a gametic life cycle a zygotic life cycle an alternation of generations

an alternation of generations

All protists have plastids are eukaryotic reproduce sexually are microscopic are prokaryotes

are eukaryotic

Chlorophytes and land plants have the following characteristics in common: both have secondary plastids both include species that are unicellular both include species that can produce pollen both include species that can create habitat for animals two of the above

both include species that can create habitat for animals

Which of the following organisms is most closely related to your pet cat? choanoflagellates dinoflagellates slime mold radiolarian fungi

choanoflagellates

Which of the following pairs of protists and their characteristics is mismatched excavata-unicellular protozoans with feeding groove rhizaria-filose pseudopodia red algae—primary plastids ciliates-red tide organisms stramenopile-giant kelp

ciliates-red tide organisms

Of the following, the plant that has an adaptation that allows it to be the tallest is hornwort, because of its sporopollelin true moss, because its sporophyte phase grows biger than its gametophyte phase fern, because of its vascular system liverwort, because of its megaphylls

fern, because of its vascular system

Which of the following is a vascular plant? liverwort moss hornwort bryophyte lycophyte

lycophyte

The reason that two sperm nuclei travel down the pollen tube is that they both stimulate growth of the pollen tube. one fertilizes the egg, and the other merges with the two nuclei of the central cell. one is for fertilizing the egg, and one directs the pollen tube toward the egg. if one fails in fertilization, there is a backup nucleus.

one fertilizes the egg, and the other merges with the two nuclei of the central cell.

Chemoheterotrophic bacteria obtain their carbon from ________ and their energy from ________. CO2 . . . sunlight CO2 . . . reactions involving inorganic chemicals organic molecules . . . sunlight methane . . . sunlight organic molecules... organic molecules

organic molecules... organic molecules

Eukaryotic __________ plastids are the result of an endosymbiotic event that involved cyanobacteria as endosymbionts. Since this original endosymbiotic event, some DNA may have been exchanged between the two symbiotic partners in a process called primary plastids.....horizontal gene transfer primary plastids....transformation secondary plastids...transformation secondary plastids....horizontal gene transfer

primary plastids.....horizontal gene transfer

Which of the following cellular structures is characteristic of amoebas? flagella microvilli cilia cell wall pseudopodia

pseudopodia

These silica shells were created by a protozoan with filose pseudopodia. That organism is a diatom, a type of Stramenopile slime mold, a type of amoebozoan radiolarian, a type of Rhizarian foraminifera, a type of Stramenopile dinoflagellate, a type of Excavata

radiolarian, a type of Rhizarian

Plastids that are surrounded by three membranes are evidence of budding of the plastids from the nuclear envelope evolution from mitochondria origin of the plastids from Archaea secondary endosymbiosis tertiary endosymbiosis

secondary endosymbiosis

Bacteria are important in the global carbon cycle because many are decomposers and release O2 from organic molecules some can fix N2 and thereby increase primary production rates some are producers and release CO2 as they produce organic molecules all bacteria use aerobic respiration

some can fix N2 and thereby increase primary production rates

Tannins in oaks are detrimental to insect herbivores. Over many generations, you might expect... herbivorous caterpillars to hatch at a time where oak leaves have lower tannin concentration some herbivorous insect populations to develop physiological resistance to tannins no change in the average traits of the herbivores, but a large increase in their population size two of the above

two of the above

What kind of life cycle is this, and what happens at #4? gametic, meiosis gametic, fertilization zygotic, meiosis zygotic, fertilization alternation of generations, mitosis

zygotic, meiosis