Biology 2 Exam 2
What happens at the red arrow? Meiosis Fertilization Mitosis Conjugation
Meiosis
What kind of life cycle is this? Zygotic Alternation of generation Gametic Ciliate
Zygotic
One thing you should be able to conclude from this figure is that gametophytes have fewer chromosomes than sporophytes do. gametophytes grow from sporophytes. new gametophyte cells come about by mitosis; new sporophyte cells come about by meiosis.
gametophytes have fewer chromosomes than sporophytes do.
Prokaryotic cells do NOT contain which of the following? nuclear membrane DNA one or more chromosomes cell membrane all of the above
nuclear membrane
If you looked at a land plant chloroplast under the microscope, you should see No membrane around it One membrane around it Two membranes around it Three membranes around it
Two membranes around it
Which of the following is a Stramenopile? 1 2 3 1 & 3 2 & 3
2 & 3
Which of the following traits are present in both Archaea and Eukarya?1. ether linkages in cell membranes2. histones3. mitochondria4. chromosome(s) 2 and 4 2 only 2 and 3 4 only 1 and 3
2 and 4
Which of the following groups of plants is most likely to undergo the process of coevolution with a pollinating animal? A cherry tree A cycad A fern A moss
A cherry tree
What proportion of foods in the produce section at Publix have been modified by artificial selection? All of them, or nearly all of them About half of them Few of them
All of them, or nearly all of them
Which of these is NOT a seed dispersal agent for seed plants? Animals, as undigested seeds are released in their feces after they eat them Wind Water Animals, as seeds get stuck on their fur All of these can help disperse seeds
All of these can help disperse seeds
Which of the following protists is NOT a type of algae? Kelp Amoebozoan Phytoplankton Diatom
Amoebozoan
Photosynthesizers in the ___________________ have primary plastids, which were aquired by endosymbiosis of a ___________________. Stramenopiles . . . autotrophic eukaryotic protist Stramenopiles . . . autotrophic prokaryote Archaeplastida . . . autotrophic prokaryote Archaeplastida . . . autotrophic eukaryotic protist
Archaeplastida . . . autotrophic prokaryote
Many flower traits are specifically attractive to a certain type of pollinator. For example, the scent of rotting flesh is very attractive to certain flies, but is not attractive at all to most other pollinators. What adaptive purpose is served by this kind of "niche marketing" of flowers to specific pollinators? This adaptation works to reduce pollinator traffic at a flower. Therefore flowers do not have to produce as much nectar to feed big crowds of pollinators. This targeting is done because the wrong kind of pollinator might eat all the pollen instead of delivering it to another flower. Attracting specialized pollinators helps to increase the likelihood that pollen will be delivered to another flower of the same species. If more generalist pollinators were used, the odds would be greater that pollen will end up on the stigma of a different species. This adaptation reduces pollinator traffic so that flowers have a chance to develop their pollen fully before it is spread.
Attracting specialized pollinators helps to increase the likelihood that pollen will be delivered to another flower of the same species. If more generalist pollinators were used, the odds would be greater that pollen will end up on the stigma of a different species.
Which of the following processes release carbon dioxide? Respiration Decomposition Photosynthesis Both respiration and decomposition
Both respiration and decomposition
All protists... Are microscopic Can photosynthesize at some stage in their life cycle Can reproduce asexually Are prokaryotic
Can reproduce asexually
Which of the following are the closest living relatives of land plants? Charophytes Rhodophytes Brown algae Dinoflagellates Chlorophytes
Charophytes
Which the following is correct? Charophytes have a sporic life cycle, while land plants have a zygotic life cycle Charophytes have a zygotic life cycle, while land plants have a sporic life cycle Charophytes and land plants both have a sporic life cycle Charophytes and land plants both have a gametic life cycle
Charophytes have a zygotic life cycle, while land plants have a sporic life cycle
You find something green growing in water. Like a good biologist, you collect the green thing and subject it to a battery of scientific tests. You figure out that the female gametophyte retains the embryo within its tissues. Armed with this fact, you can confidently rule out the possibility of this green thing being a... Chlorophyte Lycophyte Monilophyte Bryophyte
Chlorophyte
Which of the following statements about the conifer life cycle is accurate? Conifer pollen grains contain male gametophytes. Triploid endosperm is a relatively common phenomenon. The pine tree is a gametophyte. Haploid embryos are enclosed in a tough seed, nourished by maternal gametophyte tissue
Conifer pollen grains contain male gametophytes.
Which of the following prokaryotes is most likely the cause of this photosynthetic bloom? Proteobacteria Archaea Actinobacteria Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria
Which of the following is mismatched: Kelp: algae Slime-mold: fungus-like Amoeba: protozoan Diatom: protozoan Chlorophyta: algae
Diatom: protozoan
In the figure below, which letter represents a spore? A B C D E
D
An angiosperm with a long nectar tube has one species of pollinator. The local pollinator population has varying tongue lengths, and only individuals with the longest tongues can feed on nectar. Over many generations of pollinator, you'd expect... Directional selection for short tongues Directional selection for long tongues Stabilizing selection Diversifying selection
Directional selection for long tongues
A population of red oaks is found on an island off the coast of Maine which has historically had very few herbivores. In the 1990s, the winter moth, an invasive species, was introduced to Maine and establishes a healthy population on this island. Winter moths are herbivores and consume oak leaves. Genetic drift is likely going to cause a decrease in the size of flowers Disruptive selection is likely going to lead to a speciation event Directional selection is likely going to lead to an increase in the size and and brightness of fruit Directional selection is likely going to cause an increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds (secondary metabolites), in leaves
Directional selection is likely going to cause an increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds (secondary metabolites), in leaves
Which of the following statements correctly describes a portion of the pine life cycle? Pollen grains contain female gametophytes. Female gametophytes use mitosis to produce eggs. Seeds are produced in pollen cones pollen tube slowly digests its way through the triploid endosperm. Pollen grains are diploid
Female gametophytes use mitosis to produce eggs.
Which of these is a characteristic of the fern life cycle? Reproduction can readily happen in dry habitats, unlike bryophytes Can produce fewer spores than bryophytes due to their smaller sporophyte generation Fern sporophytes eventually grow independently of the female gametophyte
Fern sporophytes eventually grow independently of the female gametophyte
Why is the sporic life cycle of land plants advantageous over the zygotic life cycle of Charophytes? The sporic life cycle allows for self-fertilization and therefore increases reproductive success For every full cycle, one zygote leads to more spores in the sporic life cycle Only in the sporic life cycle is a multicellular gametophyte possible All of the above
For every full cycle, one zygote leads to more spores in the sporic life cycle
What is the name of the structure with the arrow in this fern life cycle? Sporophyte Gametophyte Zygote Gamete
Gametophyte
A period of high photosynthesis and low decay is likely to lead to... Global cooling Global warming Increased moisture in the atmosphere Decreased pH in the oceans
Global cooling
The evolution of a vascular system allowed plants to... Grow bigger Produce seeds Colonize submerged aquatic habitats Better avoid herbivory
Grow bigger
Coonties outside ISA have seeds and pollen but no flowers or fruit. What are they, and what is in their ovulate cone? Angiosperm; endosperm Gymnosperm; female gametophyte and embryo Lycophyte; sporangia Gymnosperm; male gametophyte and pollen Bryophytes; megaphylls
Gymnosperm; female gametophyte and embryo
Foraminiferas and radiolarians are... Heterotrophs and protozoans Heterotrophs and algae Autotrophs and protozoans Autotrophs and algae
Heterotrophs and protozoans
The group Opisthokonta... Is monophyletic, and includes only protists Is monophyletic, and includes protists, animals and fungi Is paraphyletic and includes only protists Is polyphyletic and includes protists, animals and fungi Is polyphyletic and includes animals and fungi
Is monophyletic, and includes protists, animals and fungi
In what way does the green alga Ulva lactuca shown below resemble land plants? It has a complex life cycle with diploid cells in the multicellular body and haploid cells in gametes only. It produces diploid gametes. It has a complex life cycle with alternation between multicellular diploid and haploid generations. It has a multicellular haploid stage that alternates with a unicellular diploid stage.
It has a complex life cycle with alternation between multicellular diploid and haploid generations.
A species of plant lives close to a hot, dry environment. Which adaptation would help this species to colonize the hot, dry habitat? A thinner cuticle Flagellated sperm Leaves that have low surface area to volume ratio A dominant gametophyte generation
Leaves that have low surface area to volume ratio
What is contained in pollen? Female gametophyte and its gametes Male gametophyte and its gametes Sperm only Egg only
Male gametophyte and its gametes
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Archaea? Possess unique cell membranes with ether bonds and branched hydrocarbons Prokaryotic Possess histones More closely related to bacteria than they are to Eukaryotes
More closely related to bacteria than they are to Eukaryotes
What advantage does a flower provide for angiosperms? Greater sperm production More effective transfer of pollen Reduced rates of herbivory Greater survival through droughts
More effective transfer of pollen
Are yew seeds and juniper seeds enclosed in fruit? Yes No
No
Is this the life cycle of a non-vascular plant or a seedless vascular plant? Non-vascular plant Seedless vascular plant
Non-vascular plant
These purple bacteria live just below the surface of the sediment since they can't tolerate oxygen. They are... Obligate aerobes Facultative aerobes Obligate anaerobes Aerotolerant anaerobes
Obligate anaerobes
A particular flower has an especially long nectar (floral) tube. What kind of animal will most likely visit this flower? One with a long beak & tongue One with a wide, short beak All animals are equally likely to visit this flower
One with a long beak & tongue
I'm interested in building a nice coffee table from a plant in my backyard. What kind of plant would be the LEAST useful for my project? One with an endosperm One with flagellated sperm One with seeds One with vascularity
One with flagellated sperm
"Green algae" are a.... Monophyletic group Paraphyletic group Polyphyletic group
Paraphyletic group
Which of the following describes an organism that obtains energy from sunlight and carbon from CO2? Chemoheterotroph Photoheterotroph Chemoautotroph Photoautotroph None of the above
Photoautotroph
Chlorophytes are likely to play which of the following roles on coral reefs? Mutualistic symbiosis with corals Primary producers Primary consumers All of the above
Primary producers
You find a unicellular photosynthetic eukaryote with secondary plastids. Which of these is it definitely NOT? Red algae Diatom Dinoflagellate Stramenopile
Red algae
Which of these is NOT a common agent of pollination in seed plants? Insects, as pollen sticks to their bodies while they eat nectar Hummingbirds, as pollen sticks to their bodies while they eat nectar Wind, which can carry pollen to another plant Rodents, as undigested pollen is released in their feces after they eat fruit
Rodents, as undigested pollen is released in their feces after they eat fruit
Cool, dry conditions are likely to favor which group? Bryophytes Lycophytes Monilophytes Seed plants
Seed plants
You find a plant with four basic plant adaptations. Which adaptation would most directly indicate that the plant is able to tolerate very dry desert habitats? Leaves Vascularity Seeds Alternation of generations
Seeds
Which of the following statements is true? Bacteria are more closely related to Eukarya than Archaea are All Archaea are extremophiles Some Bacteria are extremophiles The exchange of genetic material between prokaryotes via a viral vector is called transformation Gram negative bacteria have thick peptidoglycan cell walls outside their cell membranes
Some Bacteria are extremophiles
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of dinoflagellates? Some cause red tides Some are photosynthetic Some have hairy flagella Some are heterotrophic
Some have hairy flagella
What kind of life cycle is this? Gametic Zygotic Sporic Conjugatic
Sporic
You are trying to determine whether the green organism that you found in a pond sample is a charophyte or simple plant. Finding which of the following characteristic would be most helpful in doing so? Chlorophyll b Cell walls Sporic life cycle Sexual reproduction
Sporic life cycle
What kind of life cycle is this and what structure is represented in "D"? Sporic, gametophyte Sporic, sporophyte Gametic, sporophyte Gametic, gametophyte Zygotic, sporophyte
Sporic, sporophyte
The Archaea's ether membrane bonds help them: Exchange gas more efficiently Stay intact in many extreme environments Sink to deeper environments All of the above
Stay intact in many extreme environments
What's this little knob inside a peanut? The developing gametophyte embryo The developing sporophyte embryo The sporangium The gametangium
The developing sporophyte embryo
Kelp, a multicellular photosynthetic seaweed that is anchored to the seafloor by rootlike structures and can grow to heights of 60 m, is a kind of Stramenopile Chlorophyte Plant Rhizarian Rhodophyte
Stramenopile
An angiosperm has only one species of pollinator. Most individuals of this pollinator population have tongues that are so long that when they feed on the flower's nectar, their heads don't touch the pollen-producing anthers. Over many generations, what is likely to happen to the population of angiosperm? The average length of nectar tube in the population will increase The average length of nectar tube in the population will decrease The average length of nectar tube in the population will remain the same
The average length of nectar tube in the population will increase
Which of the following is true concerning flowering plants? The flower includes sporophyte tissue. The sporophyte generation consists of relatively few cells within the ovule. Flowers produce compounds that deter herbivores. The sporophyte generation is not photosynthetic.
The flower includes sporophyte tissue.
While observing a gram stained bacteria, you note that the specimen has a purple color. This means that: The specimen's peptidoglycan's layer is thick, making it a Gram positive bacteria The specimen's peptidoglycan's layer is thin, making it a Gram positive bacteria The specimen's peptidoglycan's layer is thick, making it a Gram negative bacteria The specimen's peptidoglycan's layer is thin, making it a Gram negative bacteria
The specimen's peptidoglycan's layer is thick, making it a Gram positive bacteria
The marine, free-living Stilbonematinae (a type of round worm in the phylum Nematoda) inhabit marine sands and are characterized by an association with ectosymbiotic bacteria. The bacteria are Gram-negative, coccus, chemoautotrophic sulfur oxidizers. Which of the following accurately describes these bacteria? They are round-shaped, use energy from the sun to create organic molecules from inorganic components and have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall They are round-shaped, use energy from inorganic molecules to create organic molecules and have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall They are round-shaped, use energy from the sun to create organic molecules from inorganic components and have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall They are rod-shaped, use energy from inorganic molecules to create organic molecules and have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall They are rod-shaped, use energy from the sun to create organic molecules from inorganic components and have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall
They are round-shaped, use energy from inorganic molecules to create organic molecules and have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall
Which of the following statements best describes bacteria? They are generally harmful. They are limited to living in a few extreme habitats. They are very small and have no membrane-bound organelles. They are responsible for diseases in humans like the flu
They are very small and have no membrane-bound organelles.
Which of the following statements about dinoflagellates is true? Their dead cells accumulate on the seafloor, and are mined to serve as a filtering material They possess two flagella Their walls are usually composed of silica plates They are photosynthetic due to primary plastids
They possess two flagella
Some excavates are autotrophic; how did Euglena acquire the ability to photosynthesize? This group acquired plastids by endosymbiosis of another photosynthetic organism This group evolved a photosynthetic organelle independently
This group acquired plastids by endosymbiosis of another photosynthetic organism
Which of the following types of genetic exchange is correctly matched? Via a viral vector: conjugation Uptake of DNA from the environment: transformation Direct transfer of DNA between living bacterial cells: transduction From parent to offspring: horizontal gene transfer
Uptake of DNA from the environment: transformation
Which trait appeared at #2 in the cladogram below? Sporic life cycle Megaphylls Pollen Vascular tissue Wood
Vascular tissue
Pollen dispersal in gymnosperms is mostly accomplished via Water Wind Animals
Wind
The life cycle of brown algae shown below is an example of... a gametic life cycle a zygotic life cycle an alternation of generations
an alternation of generations
All protists have plastids are eukaryotic reproduce sexually are microscopic are prokaryotes
are eukaryotic
Chlorophytes and land plants have the following characteristics in common: both have secondary plastids both include species that are unicellular both include species that can produce pollen both include species that can create habitat for animals two of the above
both include species that can create habitat for animals
Which of the following organisms is most closely related to your pet cat? choanoflagellates dinoflagellates slime mold radiolarian fungi
choanoflagellates
Which of the following pairs of protists and their characteristics is mismatched excavata-unicellular protozoans with feeding groove rhizaria-filose pseudopodia red algae—primary plastids ciliates-red tide organisms stramenopile-giant kelp
ciliates-red tide organisms
Of the following, the plant that has an adaptation that allows it to be the tallest is hornwort, because of its sporopollelin true moss, because its sporophyte phase grows biger than its gametophyte phase fern, because of its vascular system liverwort, because of its megaphylls
fern, because of its vascular system
Which of the following is a vascular plant? liverwort moss hornwort bryophyte lycophyte
lycophyte
The reason that two sperm nuclei travel down the pollen tube is that they both stimulate growth of the pollen tube. one fertilizes the egg, and the other merges with the two nuclei of the central cell. one is for fertilizing the egg, and one directs the pollen tube toward the egg. if one fails in fertilization, there is a backup nucleus.
one fertilizes the egg, and the other merges with the two nuclei of the central cell.
Chemoheterotrophic bacteria obtain their carbon from ________ and their energy from ________. CO2 . . . sunlight CO2 . . . reactions involving inorganic chemicals organic molecules . . . sunlight methane . . . sunlight organic molecules... organic molecules
organic molecules... organic molecules
Eukaryotic __________ plastids are the result of an endosymbiotic event that involved cyanobacteria as endosymbionts. Since this original endosymbiotic event, some DNA may have been exchanged between the two symbiotic partners in a process called primary plastids.....horizontal gene transfer primary plastids....transformation secondary plastids...transformation secondary plastids....horizontal gene transfer
primary plastids.....horizontal gene transfer
Which of the following cellular structures is characteristic of amoebas? flagella microvilli cilia cell wall pseudopodia
pseudopodia
These silica shells were created by a protozoan with filose pseudopodia. That organism is a diatom, a type of Stramenopile slime mold, a type of amoebozoan radiolarian, a type of Rhizarian foraminifera, a type of Stramenopile dinoflagellate, a type of Excavata
radiolarian, a type of Rhizarian
Plastids that are surrounded by three membranes are evidence of budding of the plastids from the nuclear envelope evolution from mitochondria origin of the plastids from Archaea secondary endosymbiosis tertiary endosymbiosis
secondary endosymbiosis
Bacteria are important in the global carbon cycle because many are decomposers and release O2 from organic molecules some can fix N2 and thereby increase primary production rates some are producers and release CO2 as they produce organic molecules all bacteria use aerobic respiration
some can fix N2 and thereby increase primary production rates
Tannins in oaks are detrimental to insect herbivores. Over many generations, you might expect... herbivorous caterpillars to hatch at a time where oak leaves have lower tannin concentration some herbivorous insect populations to develop physiological resistance to tannins no change in the average traits of the herbivores, but a large increase in their population size two of the above
two of the above
What kind of life cycle is this, and what happens at #4? gametic, meiosis gametic, fertilization zygotic, meiosis zygotic, fertilization alternation of generations, mitosis
zygotic, meiosis