Biology 2 exam

If there were twenty centromeres in a cell, how many chromosomes are there

20

How many turns of the Calvin cycle are required to produce one molecule of glucose?

6

The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the

Active sute

The figure below shows a cell in the miotic stage of (away)

Anaphase

What two things are added to NADP+ to convert it into NADPH?

H+ and electrons

Energy to drive the formation of ATP in photosynthesis is derived from

H+ gradient

The O2 given off during photosynthesis is derived from which compound

H2O

Energy of activation

is the energy required for molecules to react with each other

The functioning of an ejection transport chain is analogous to

A person descending a flight of stairs one step at a time

The energy of the electrons passing along the electron transport chain is used to produce

ATP

In the energy pay off phase of glycolysis, both ATP AND NADH are formed. What purpose do each of these molecules serve in the cell

ATP acts as a power source for performing cellular work, while NADH serves as an electron carrier to allow for greater ATP productiob

The light reactions act much as a battery to power the reactions of the Calvin cycle. This energy is stored as

ATP and NADPH

Identify which of the following is not true

ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and two phosphate groups

ATP and NADPH are both used during the Calvin cycle. What is the function of each

ATP supplies energy and NADPH supplies electrons for reducing power.

Pickles are often preserved in a 20-30% salt solution called brine. How does this method prevent contamination by microorganisms?

Bacteria can't survive in a hypertonic solution because they lose water.

Which of the areas shown in the figure below indicates the presence of an enzyme in the movement of reactant over to product

C

The three stages of the Calvin cycle reactions are

CO2 fixation, CO2 reduction, and RuBP regeneration.

Apoptosis

Can be used to remove damaged or malfunctioning cells

When glucose is broken down to CO2 and H2O, energy is released and converted into

Chemical potential; ATP

The G2 checkpoint prevents the cell cycle from continuing until

DNA is completely replicated AND damage to DNA can be repaired

A cell is inhibited during the S phase of its cycle. It will not reproduce due to lack of

DNA synthesis

Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it...

Does not require energy from the cell

When a car burns gasoline, much of the energy is in the form of heat as the car is driven. Which of the following best describes this in relation to the 1st law of thermodynamics?

Energy can be changed from one form to another

I'm what functions do the embedded membrane proteins at "C" serve

Facilitated and active transport

In a redox reaction, reduction means ______, and oxidation means______.

Gain of electrons; loss of electrons

Intestinal cells absorb glucose via active transport what would happen if all the mitochondria within these intestinal cells were destroyed

Glucose absorption would decrease.

How does ATP synthase obtain the energy to produce ATP

Hydrogen ions flow down a concentration gradient from the thylakoid space to the stroma through ATP synthase, releasing energy that can be used to produce ATP from ADP + Pi.

The figure below shows a cell in the mitotic stage of (one cell)

Interphase

Glycolysis and the citric cycle are similar in that they both produce

NADH, ATP

Which of the following is not derived from G3P

NADP+

Which of the following is not a product of cellular respiration

Oxygen

The drug choral hydrate prevents elongation of microtubules by preventing the addition of new subunits to the growing end. During which stage of mitosis would chloracne hydrate be most harmful

Prophase

Which of the following paid is correctly matched

S phase- dna replication

The figure below represents a metabolic pathway, what happens if enzyme2 is defective and non-functional

Substrate Y would not be metabolized.

How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare to their parent cell when it was in G1 of the cell cycle

The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA

Susan suffered from a heart attack. When the doctors tested the heart muscle they found that she had an increased ratio of lactic acid to pyruvic acid in her heart. What does this say about the availability of oxygen in her heart muscle cells?

The heart cells had not received adequate oxygen supply.

Which of the following is best associated with a couples reaction

The metabolic reaction acquires energy from ATP

The energy source that drives the production of ayo in oxidative phosphorylation is

The removal of electrons and hydrogen from glucose

The processes of glycolysis that break down glucose to pure age involve

The removal of electrons and hydrogen from glucose and the addition of phosphate to ADP

All of the following occur during the later stages of mitotic prophase except

The synthesis of dna

A coenzyme is defined as

a non-protein helper that works with an enzyme.

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. How could the cell obtain more calcium

active transport

Which of these words does not belong with the rest as it relates to concentration gradient

active transport

Which of the following organisms can perform photosynthesis

algae

In photosynthesis, the light reactions _____ while the Calvin cycle _____

capture solar energy; converts the captured energy to chemical potential energy

On the cellular level what process uses oxygen to break food down, producing ATP

cellular respiration

The structure labeled C in the following figure is called the

centromere

Which of the following events does NOT take place in the light reactions

conversion of 3PG to G3P

Cellular respiration uses oxygen to convert the chemical energy stored in organic molecules into

energy in (ATP)

Molecules move from greater to lesser concentration through a transport protein in

facilitated diffusion

The end product of the Calvin cycle reactions is

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)

Which of the following is the the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration

glycolysis, preparatory reaction, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain

The figure below shows a cell in the mitotic stage of (middle)

metaphase

What organelle is used during the process of cellular respiration

mitochondria

In the set-up shown in the figure below, which process allows the water to move across the membrane

osmosis

The final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain is ______ resulting in the formation of___

oxygen and water

Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

What is oxidation

removal of H atoms to form new molecules

Ben was looking at onion root tip cells under the microscope in Biology class. He saw one cell that had two nuclei within it. What stage of the cell cycle was this cell in?

telophase and cytokinesis

The production of ATP in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle occurs through

the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate that is then added to ADP.

Cytokinesis usually, but not always, follows mitosis. If a cell completed mitosis but not cytokinesis, the result would be a cell with

two or more nuclei