Biology 2 exam
If there were twenty centromeres in a cell, how many chromosomes are there
20
How many turns of the Calvin cycle are required to produce one molecule of glucose?
6
The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the
Active sute
The figure below shows a cell in the miotic stage of (away)
Anaphase
What two things are added to NADP+ to convert it into NADPH?
H+ and electrons
Energy to drive the formation of ATP in photosynthesis is derived from
H+ gradient
The O2 given off during photosynthesis is derived from which compound
H2O
Energy of activation
is the energy required for molecules to react with each other
The functioning of an ejection transport chain is analogous to
A person descending a flight of stairs one step at a time
The energy of the electrons passing along the electron transport chain is used to produce
ATP
In the energy pay off phase of glycolysis, both ATP AND NADH are formed. What purpose do each of these molecules serve in the cell
ATP acts as a power source for performing cellular work, while NADH serves as an electron carrier to allow for greater ATP productiob
The light reactions act much as a battery to power the reactions of the Calvin cycle. This energy is stored as
ATP and NADPH
Identify which of the following is not true
ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and two phosphate groups
ATP and NADPH are both used during the Calvin cycle. What is the function of each
ATP supplies energy and NADPH supplies electrons for reducing power.
Pickles are often preserved in a 20-30% salt solution called brine. How does this method prevent contamination by microorganisms?
Bacteria can't survive in a hypertonic solution because they lose water.
Which of the areas shown in the figure below indicates the presence of an enzyme in the movement of reactant over to product
C
The three stages of the Calvin cycle reactions are
CO2 fixation, CO2 reduction, and RuBP regeneration.
Apoptosis
Can be used to remove damaged or malfunctioning cells
When glucose is broken down to CO2 and H2O, energy is released and converted into
Chemical potential; ATP
The G2 checkpoint prevents the cell cycle from continuing until
DNA is completely replicated AND damage to DNA can be repaired
A cell is inhibited during the S phase of its cycle. It will not reproduce due to lack of
DNA synthesis
Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it...
Does not require energy from the cell
When a car burns gasoline, much of the energy is in the form of heat as the car is driven. Which of the following best describes this in relation to the 1st law of thermodynamics?
Energy can be changed from one form to another
I'm what functions do the embedded membrane proteins at "C" serve
Facilitated and active transport
In a redox reaction, reduction means ______, and oxidation means______.
Gain of electrons; loss of electrons
Intestinal cells absorb glucose via active transport what would happen if all the mitochondria within these intestinal cells were destroyed
Glucose absorption would decrease.
How does ATP synthase obtain the energy to produce ATP
Hydrogen ions flow down a concentration gradient from the thylakoid space to the stroma through ATP synthase, releasing energy that can be used to produce ATP from ADP + Pi.
The figure below shows a cell in the mitotic stage of (one cell)
Interphase
Glycolysis and the citric cycle are similar in that they both produce
NADH, ATP
Which of the following is not derived from G3P
NADP+
Which of the following is not a product of cellular respiration
Oxygen
The drug choral hydrate prevents elongation of microtubules by preventing the addition of new subunits to the growing end. During which stage of mitosis would chloracne hydrate be most harmful
Prophase
Which of the following paid is correctly matched
S phase- dna replication
The figure below represents a metabolic pathway, what happens if enzyme2 is defective and non-functional
Substrate Y would not be metabolized.
How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare to their parent cell when it was in G1 of the cell cycle
The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA
Susan suffered from a heart attack. When the doctors tested the heart muscle they found that she had an increased ratio of lactic acid to pyruvic acid in her heart. What does this say about the availability of oxygen in her heart muscle cells?
The heart cells had not received adequate oxygen supply.
Which of the following is best associated with a couples reaction
The metabolic reaction acquires energy from ATP
The energy source that drives the production of ayo in oxidative phosphorylation is
The removal of electrons and hydrogen from glucose
The processes of glycolysis that break down glucose to pure age involve
The removal of electrons and hydrogen from glucose and the addition of phosphate to ADP
All of the following occur during the later stages of mitotic prophase except
The synthesis of dna
A coenzyme is defined as
a non-protein helper that works with an enzyme.
The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. How could the cell obtain more calcium
active transport
Which of these words does not belong with the rest as it relates to concentration gradient
active transport
Which of the following organisms can perform photosynthesis
algae
In photosynthesis, the light reactions _____ while the Calvin cycle _____
capture solar energy; converts the captured energy to chemical potential energy
On the cellular level what process uses oxygen to break food down, producing ATP
cellular respiration
The structure labeled C in the following figure is called the
centromere
Which of the following events does NOT take place in the light reactions
conversion of 3PG to G3P
Cellular respiration uses oxygen to convert the chemical energy stored in organic molecules into
energy in (ATP)
Molecules move from greater to lesser concentration through a transport protein in
facilitated diffusion
The end product of the Calvin cycle reactions is
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)
Which of the following is the the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration
glycolysis, preparatory reaction, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain
The figure below shows a cell in the mitotic stage of (middle)
metaphase
What organelle is used during the process of cellular respiration
mitochondria
In the set-up shown in the figure below, which process allows the water to move across the membrane
osmosis
The final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain is ______ resulting in the formation of___
oxygen and water
Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What is oxidation
removal of H atoms to form new molecules
Ben was looking at onion root tip cells under the microscope in Biology class. He saw one cell that had two nuclei within it. What stage of the cell cycle was this cell in?
telophase and cytokinesis
The production of ATP in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle occurs through
the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate that is then added to ADP.
Cytokinesis usually, but not always, follows mitosis. If a cell completed mitosis but not cytokinesis, the result would be a cell with
two or more nuclei