Biology 244

Chief cells in the gastric glands secrete ________________.

intrinsic factor I AM SURE pepsinogen hydrochloric acid pepsin

What is the benefit of the large folds of the lining of the esophagus?

A. Better secretion of digestive enzymes B. More smooth muscle I AM SURE C. Expansion for swallowing D. Increased surface for absorption Answer: C. Expansion for swallowing

Which cells secrete intrinsic factor?

A. Chief cells B. G cells C. Parietal cells D. Mucous cells Answer: C. Parietal cells

Which of the following is the term for swallowing?

A. Digestion B. Deglutition C. Mastication D. Absorption Answer: B. Deglutition

The enteroendocrine cells of the intestinal glands are responsible for producing which intestinal hormones?

A. Enterokinase and aminopeptidase B. Cholecystokinin and secretin C. Biliverdin and bilirubin D. Gastrin and pepsinogen Answer: B. Cholecystokinin and secretin Intestinal hormones are secreted from different portions of the intestines, enter the bloodstream, influence specific locations or organs, and spur the production of other hormones. The enteroendocrine cells of the intestinal glands are responsible for producing the intestinal hormones cholecystokinin and secretin, which provoke the release of pancreatic enzymes and buffers as well as bile secretion and ejection into the small intestine.

Which of the following is NOT a function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

A. Facilitating protein digestion B. Breaking down disaccharides into monosaccharides C. Killing microorganisms D. Activating pepsin Answer: B. Breaking down disaccharides into monosaccharides HCl does NOT break down disaccharides into monosaccharides. HCl, secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach, has several functions. It is important in facilitating protein digestion two ways: First, the acidic pH denatures protein bonds. Second, HCl reacts with pepsinogen and converts it to pepsin, which becomes active at about pH 2. Additionally, the HCl's highly acidic nature kills most ingested microorganisms, such as bacteria on vegetables.

Put the regions of the stomach in the order through which food and chyme would pass.

A. Fundus, cardia, body, pyloric part B. Cardia, body, fundus, pyloric part C. Pyloric part, body, fundus, cardia D. Cardia, fundus, body, pyloric part Answer: D. Cardia, fundus, body, pyloric part

What is the benefit of the stomach having rugae?

A. Greater number of gastric glands B. Allowing the expansion of the lumen C. Protection from stomach acid D. More surface area for absorption Answer: B. Allowing the expansion of the lumen

Which of the following digestive regions is responsible for the propulsion of materials into the esophagus?

A. Salivary glands B. Gallbladder C. Pharynx D. Stomach Answer: C. Pharynx

The bile duct and the pancreatic duct both enter the duodenum at the _____________.

A. duodenal papilla B. central vein C. portal triad D. bile canaliculi Answer: A. duodenal papilla

An error in swallowing is most likely detected by the __________.

A. esophagus B. soft palate C. larynx D. root of the tongue Answer: C. larynx

The esophagus enters the abdominopelvic cavity by passing through the ________________ of the diaphragm.

A. lower esophageal sphincter B. portal triad C. esophageal hiatus D. greater curvature Answer: C. esophageal hiatus

Which process is NOT involved in the secretion of hydrochloric acid by the parietal cells of the stomach?

Active transport of H+ and diffusion of Cl- I AM SURE Movement of Cl- from the intestinal lumen to the interstitial fluid. CO2 reacts with H2O. Countertransport of Cl- and HCO3-

The absorption of which vitamin would be impaired if the stomach were removed?

B6 B3 B2 I AM SURE B12

What is the correct sequence of events in moving a bolus of food to the stomach?

Esophageal peristalsis; bolus is moved to oropharynx; epiglottis folds over glottis; opening of lower esophageal sphincter I AM SURE Bolus is moved to oropharynx; epiglottis folds over glottis; esophageal peristalsis; opening of lower esophageal sphincter Epiglottis folds over glottis; bolus is moved to oropharynx; esophageal peristalsis; opening lower esophageal sphincter Opening lower esophageal sphincter; epiglottis folds over glottis; bolus is moved to oropharynx; esophageal peristalsis

Which of the following cranial nerves is involved in both initiating the swallowing reflex as food passes by the uvula and helping to coordinate the peristalitic waves of the esophagus?

Facial (CN VII) Trigeminal (CN V) Vagus (CN X) I AM SURE Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

The enteroendocrine cells of the intestinal glands are responsible for producing which intestinal hormones?

Gastrin and pepsinogen Biliverdin and bilirubin I AM SURE Cholecystokinin and secretin Enterokinase and aminopeptidase

Which of the following causes an immediate increase in the rates of glandular secretion and peristaltic activity in all segments of the small intestine?

I AM SURE Gastroenteric reflex Gastroileal reflex Enterogastric reflex The presence of intestinal juices

Which two factors play important parts in moving the chyme from the stomach into the small intestine?

I AM SURE Stomach distension and gastrin release Sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation CNS and ANS regulation Release of HCl and gastric juices

Which of the following is NOT produced by the gastric glands in the stomach of an adult?

Pepsinogen Intrinsic factor HCl I AM SURE Rennin