Biology: Cell and Their Organelles

How does rough ER differ from smooth ER?

Rough ER is covered with ribosomes that give it a rough appearance. Rough ER transports materials through the cell, and produces protein. Smooth ER does NOT have ribosomes, making it appear smooth, and it makes carbohydrates and lipids

What is meant by semipermeable?

some substances are allowed to pass into a cell, while other substances are not allowed to pass in

Food, water, and wastes are stored inside ________.

vacuoles

Do all cells need ribosomes?

yes

Centrioles are found inside what type of cell?

animal cells

At what level of organization does life begin?

cell

What surrounds all cells?

cell membrane

What additional layer is found around the outside of plant cells and bacteria?

cell wall

The largest organelle in plants is the _______ _______.

central vacuole

What pigment traps the energy?

chlorophyll

DNA coils tightly during division and assembles into visible ___________.

chromosomes

Where are organelles located?

cytoplasm

Both chloroplasts and mitochondria are alike in that they both have ______ membranes and their own ______.

double membranes and their own DNA

Where does the energy for photosynthesis come from?

from the sun (solar energy)

Digestion takes place inside _________ containing _______.

inside lysosomes containing digestive enzymes

Where is DNA found inside a cell?

inside the nucleus

What organelle breaks down and recycles worn out cells?

lysosomes

Centrioles are found at the center of the 1.________________________. How do centrioles help the cell? 2.____________________.

1. centrosome 2. Centrioles give the cell its shape.

Proteins made by rough ER travel to the Golgi in sacks called 1.______________. Golgi 2._______________ and 3____________________ proteins for export out of the cell.

1. cisterns 2. modifies 3. packages

Give 3 jobs for smooth ER.

1. makes proteins, 2; controls the Calcium level in muscles; 3. detoxifies (poisons, alcohol, and drugs)

Rough ER is connected to the 1.______________ membrane and to 2. ______________ ER.

1. outer nuclear; 2. smooth ER

What 2 things make up the cell membrane?

phospholipids and embedded proteins

What process takes place inside chloroplasts?

photosynthesis

Chloroplasts are found in what type of cells?

plant cells

The cell membrane is also called the

plasma membrane

The process of making proteins is called

protein synthesis

What cell process is controlled by the nucleus?

protein synthesis

Where are proteins made in a cell?

ribosomes