Biology: Cell and Their Organelles
How does rough ER differ from smooth ER?
Rough ER is covered with ribosomes that give it a rough appearance. Rough ER transports materials through the cell, and produces protein. Smooth ER does NOT have ribosomes, making it appear smooth, and it makes carbohydrates and lipids
What is meant by semipermeable?
some substances are allowed to pass into a cell, while other substances are not allowed to pass in
Food, water, and wastes are stored inside ________.
vacuoles
Do all cells need ribosomes?
yes
Centrioles are found inside what type of cell?
animal cells
At what level of organization does life begin?
cell
What surrounds all cells?
cell membrane
What additional layer is found around the outside of plant cells and bacteria?
cell wall
The largest organelle in plants is the _______ _______.
central vacuole
What pigment traps the energy?
chlorophyll
DNA coils tightly during division and assembles into visible ___________.
chromosomes
Where are organelles located?
cytoplasm
Both chloroplasts and mitochondria are alike in that they both have ______ membranes and their own ______.
double membranes and their own DNA
Where does the energy for photosynthesis come from?
from the sun (solar energy)
Digestion takes place inside _________ containing _______.
inside lysosomes containing digestive enzymes
Where is DNA found inside a cell?
inside the nucleus
What organelle breaks down and recycles worn out cells?
lysosomes
Centrioles are found at the center of the 1.________________________. How do centrioles help the cell? 2.____________________.
1. centrosome 2. Centrioles give the cell its shape.
Proteins made by rough ER travel to the Golgi in sacks called 1.______________. Golgi 2._______________ and 3____________________ proteins for export out of the cell.
1. cisterns 2. modifies 3. packages
Give 3 jobs for smooth ER.
1. makes proteins, 2; controls the Calcium level in muscles; 3. detoxifies (poisons, alcohol, and drugs)
Rough ER is connected to the 1.______________ membrane and to 2. ______________ ER.
1. outer nuclear; 2. smooth ER
What 2 things make up the cell membrane?
phospholipids and embedded proteins
What process takes place inside chloroplasts?
photosynthesis
Chloroplasts are found in what type of cells?
plant cells
The cell membrane is also called the
plasma membrane
The process of making proteins is called
protein synthesis
What cell process is controlled by the nucleus?
protein synthesis
Where are proteins made in a cell?
ribosomes
